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hello everyone uh welcome to this week's videos uh in this week aspen plus tutorial videos i'm going to simulate a very simple process which is a process of drying of dolomite powder and specifically i am going to discuss the convective dryer block or dryer block uh for solid processing in aspen plus okay let's begin so as you can see here this is our aspen plus design problem uh in our design problem we have a solid dolomite powder uh with initial moisture content of 0.2 or 20 uh wet base and this solid powder has a temperature around 95 degrees celsius and this solid powder or wet soil powder will be dried in a convective dryer in a co-current manner meaning that the solid layer will enter the unit corporation maybe on on one side and the flow of the heating material in this case uh uh hot air will also enter in or on the same direction and both of the heating material and solid powder we leave out the unit operation on the other side uh basically the flow of the material proceed on a parallel and in the same direction and then we have the dryer length is six meters that's the dimension of our dryer and the solid will spend their time inside the dryer for three hours so our task here is to calculate what is the solid moisture content leaving the dryer if we use a hot air containing water by mass fracture 0.002 and temperature of 200 degrees celsius at the inlet side other than that we also need to calculate the temperature and moisture content profile for both solid as well as the gas space actually if you ask me what dolomite is to be honest i do not know much about dolomite except that i know dolomite is a solid crystalline material and it is in the powder form uh the chemical formula of dolomite is a calcium magnesium carbonate die carbonate meaning that they has a calcium element they have a magnesium as well as carbon and oxygen element exist in a carbonate form other than that i also found that uh bromide is a crystalline material meaning that they have a long-range periodic atomic arrangement in their piston structures and they have uh hexagonal crystals uh they they exist in the hexagonal trigger crystal system in terms of usage uh they have been uh i checked on an internet uh i i found out that dolomite has a market value around 24 to 25 billion us dollars and they are used for a variety of applications for example in agriculture where you can add a dolomite to adjust the ph value of the soil technically a dolomite is like a limestone you can you can you can visualize turbine as limestone other than they are also used in the metallurgy industry in glass processing and as well as they are also used in in in concrete uh in concrete or cement production uh i guess i i believe there are a lot more on the application which i do not know in detail by the way but if you want to learn more about dolomite please go ahead and make yourself useful by looking up the information on the internet okay coming back to our design problem basically we have a convective layer uh here this is our convective dryer we have a solid dolomite in around 2000 kilogram per hour of dolomite solid at 95 degrees celsius and one bar pressure and as i said they have a moisture content around 0.2 after that we have air coming in currently into the unit operation uh around 10 000 kilogram per hours at temperature 2000 degree celsius and one vaporizer and they also contain as a low fraction a low mass fraction of water around 0.002 and then both air and solid leaving of the dryer on the other side of the unit operation or dryer block another important information that you need to we need to input or you need to understand or we need to at least take note is a convective mesh transfer coefficient which is 5 to the power of minus 5 to the 10 to the power of minus 4 meter per second we also need to know what is the drying curve how the drying behavior occurs for this solid inside the dryer and then because this is solid uh we need to know what's the particle such distribution because different particles of distribution will have a different uh dying occur and then uh we also need to know that uh moisture content of a solid phase is uh 0.05 by dry basis and the critical moisture content is around 0.1 uh dry bases which we will uh which i will explain later on and then here we have our particle size distribution of our solid dolomite uh we have you know uh around twenty percent is between four to five twenty percent it's between five to six millimeters around forty percent zone is between six to eight millimeters and lastly the remainder twenty percent is between eight to ten millimeter uh size okay these images was modified based on these references if you want to see what is the original uh figure of the from the reference please go ahead and look at this website uh in this case i have on y axis is a drawing rate or temperatures on x-axis i have time meaning that how the the time spent uh in the dryer if you if we look at this uh red curve here this is what is known as the drying rate by the way so at the initial period we can see that the drying rate increases pretty pretty sharply the reason is because uh at this point okay there's going to be a transfer of sensible heat from the hot element or air hot air into the water or solid itself so water gain energy and some of them has has a lot of energy to transform has enough critical energy i would say to try to phase change from solid phase from liquid phase to a vapor phase and then join the air stream obviously when we increase the when the as time goes okay there's going to be a lot more the dissolving and the system itself has a higher has gained in a lot of energy and has higher temperatures and the drying rate will keep continue going up and at some point uh we will observe a constant drying rate meaning that in here okay uh the liquid at the interior side of your solid need to migrate first to the to the surface and then they need to and then they'll undergo phase change from a liquid phase on the solid surface into a gas phase or vapor phase now because the reason why this drying rate is constant is because the rate of of migration of a liquid from the interior surface of the solid is equal from the interest interest surface of your solid to the surface is equal to the rate of evaporation from the surface rate of evaporation of the liquid from the surface to the gas phase so so so because they are equal i mean you cannot go higher you cannot have a greater design rate if you don't have uh if you don't have a little kid on a liquid on the surface to get with so there's there's a point where the rate of liquid migration migrating from inner surface in a interior of your solid into the surface is equal to the rate of evaporation and then after a certain time okay we will see a decline in the drying rate now this is because at this point there are not many uh liquid or moisture left in the interior to migrate to the surface and then and then and then and then and then this liquid on the surface uh undergo phase change uh due to a vapor phase and it and then and then even even though you are spending a lot of time uh already inside the inside the block because there's not much uh liquid to begin with uh that's where you see a decline in the drying uh drying rate of your solid and then uh if we see this uh green curve here this green curve represents a percent of moisture content of solid i believe uh as a function of time and obviously you know as the time goes okay from left side to the right side as the times are becoming longer as the soy spend more time in the dryer obviously the salt the moisture content start to decrease to a point where it begin to level up and then uh the purple curve here uh represents the temperature of the air if i'm not mistaken as a function of of time for co current for co-current dryer for the purple one and then for this orange one if we have a dryer dryer operating in the counter current manner okay next i'm going to show you another drying curve or taken from this textbook uh in this blanket we have a drying rate okay uh on y-axis and then this is on x-axis we have a moisture content of solid and obviously uh at the beginning uh we begin with the high most content of solid you know and this represent but and then at the initial mostly container sorry we have a high drying rate and then as as the time goes the most content uh because coming to decline and then so does that weight a few important uh i'll say uh parameter here is a critical moisture content what does it mean critical moisture content means the the content of the moisture in the solid when the drying rate begins to decline and then another one is the equilibrium content means that the most important in solid that is in equilibrium with those in air actually in aspen plus we have a solid dryer model and this soil dry model capable of doing a several different mode of calculation the first one is a shortcut method uh the second one is convective diameter spray diameter as well as contract contact volume mode and for this simulation we're going to use the convective layer method or model and finally this is our drawing curve table that we need to input in our aspen class as you can see here we have in this table we have two columns the first column is a normalized solid moisture the second column is a normalized drying weight and obviously from this table this table is a unit less it does not have any unit other reason is because uh this is normalized value meaning that we have uh for for the if i talk about the first column normalized solid moisture means that the solid moisture content at time i divided by the solid moisture content at time zero and because uh because the denominator has a unit and the top side of your fraction also have a unit unit divided by unit you have a cancels out and you have a unit list of values and in aspen plus uh the input information that you need to to put in is in this form by the way i think that's all uh for the introduction uh let's go to our simulation okay i have my aspen plus ready here uh let's begin uh okay for your information bromine is basically a single chemical species however i try to find the dolomite material in aspen plus data banks but it is not available so what i'm going to do is i am going to specify two components which is the magnesium carbonate as well as a calcium carbonate and assume that these two have a one-to-one weight ratio uh obviously when we talk about drying we have water content so we need to type waters as well as air okay i'm done specifying the component i hit next okay my base method i'm gonna use ideal and then i'm gonna hit next and then i'm going to go to the simulation environment okay for dryer you need to go to this solid tab solid tab in the model palette and then choose dryer uh actually i want to i want to choose all of them are more or less the same but i just want to use this because the figure looks very very very nice i guess and then i'm just going to connect my solid in i'm going to rename it later solid out uh this one inlet guess uh it's optional but i'm just gonna i'm just gonna edit anyway and then guess coming out i'm gonna rename my uh the first string as solid in the second one is solid uh out solid out and then i have air coming in and then coming out and perhaps i'm going to rename my blog as a driver okay perfect okay now that i'm done uh oh by the way before before i i begin i need to set up my my because i'm dealing with solid by the way i need to set up my my specification and i need to choose uh m i x c s b i d uh to to represent the stream uh as a conventional non-conventional as well as c solid ci solid with particle size distribution i forgot to do one thing by the way i need to go back to properties go back to specification my magnesium carbonate is in a solid phase my calcium carbonate also in solid face i'm gonna hit next one more time i'm gonna go back to my simulation environment and then yeah i already chose the correct one so so that's fine and then i need to go to a solid i need to go to the solid folder okay my moisture component should go to this uh right side of your box okay you can double click or you can select and then click this guy the triangle thingy is it fine or right side arrow if you wish i'm going to adjust my ps particles as distribution mesh my number of integral only four my size is in millimeter and based on the particle size distribution that i just mentioned i know that it begins from four to five and then five to six six to eight and then eight to ten millimeters okay i'm all set here i'm gonna hit next i think it's gonna bring me to the air in first so my air is around 200 degrees celsius one bar pressure uh the mass flow no i'm sorry i'm gonna use a mass flow here about ten thousand then i'm going to specify mass fraction here and the air still contain water by the way but it is very low concentration low water content 0.002 and then 0.998 the remainder of the uh the remainder of the fraction belongs to air okay uh looks good i'm going to hit next and it's gonna bring me to the solid in uh form so i'm gonna go to the ci solid tab um the the temperature of my solid stream rc is 95 degrees celsius and one bar uh i'm gonna use a mass flow here around two thousand and then my mole flow is i'm sorry mass fraction so it's one to one so 0.4 0.4 and water if you remember is 20 by weight basis and then i need to specify multiply my particular search distribution go to the particle such distribution and then just add in your weight fraction the first one is 20 the second one is 30 the third one is 40 the fourth one is 20 okay i think i'm all set specifying the process screen next uh let's hit next okay here i need to choose convective layer uh gas flow direction should be co-current because that's what specified in the simulation in the in the in the because that's what's specified in this uh in this problem example problem uh i'm blanking up just now um i'm going to choose solid residence time and length length is 6 meter and this holiday specified in the example problem is at 3 hours legally spent 3 hours inside the dryer block itself okay looks good and then i'm going to go to the mass or heat transfer tab uh i'm going to specify a mass transfer coefficient which is 4 minus 4 to the power 4 times 10 to the power of minus 4 if i'm not mistaken no i'm sorry 5 times 10 to the power of minus 4 meter per second okay looks okay and then i go to the drawing curve uh sorry mostly content basis is the critical one is 0.1 equilibrium moisture content is around 0.05 okay you can represent your drain curve by a function if you know what is your function okay but i'm given a data so i'm going to input data so normalize for the mushy content is zero 0.1 0.2 0.35 0.65 0.85 and finally 1 and then 0 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.95 and lastly one okay i think uh everything is ready i'm gonna hit next and i'm gonna line my simulation now let's see what happened [Music] okay i already got my result no warning or error so that's perfect [Music] so i think i'm going to just double click and then see the result um go to result okay if you see here uh this is my upgrade solid moisture content by dry basis previously the before it enters the dryer it has the moisture content by wet bases if i was liquid around 0.2 now it has been decreased by 0.1 okay we got our answers and then uh to to create the temperature and moisture content profile for both phases guest space and solid phase just go to profile and then uh you can create a custom graph custom figures i guess click the x axis should be in length i can choose this one for vapor phase this one for solid phase temperatures and then i hit okay okay as you can see here this temperature is dropping because this transfer of heat by doing uh from as a function of length i'm not going to discuss this in here by the way because i already compiled my most of my results in the excel and i in the in the powerpoint presentation the next one uh is is if you want to create the profile for the motion content just do the same choose a vapor moisture content as well as soil face moisture content it's going to take a while so as you can see here uh the vapor phase moisture content uh is is going up well obviously because it's going to be a water from the solid phase being evaporated uh and then goes into the into a into a gas phase or or vapor phase if you will and then same goes with the moisture content in the uh solid phase now in case you are wondering what will happen if i say you know what let's let's uh let's do one experiment where i'm gonna let the solid material spend about maybe eight hours you know what maybe five hours in the dryer let's see whether we can get a much lower moisture content okay i'm going to run my simulation okay i'm gonna check the result uh summary yeah the update motion content is dropping to around five percent only so that's good okay this is my simulation result uh and as you can see here this is solid mostly content at the dryer outlet where the outlet solid muscle contained by live basis [Music] around 10 percent only and previously we have around 20 percent uh before it enters the drying because around 20 of a solid of moisture content where this is if i'm not mistaken that could be wrong but you have to check it again and that is the temperature profile for vapor phase going down uh solid temperatures also going down well it's going to make sense because it is a counter it is a co-current it is a co-current uh mode of drying and then this uh our moisture content profile for the green one is the vapor face uh moisture content while the is it a purple uh it's a pig i think it's a magenta one magenta line here represent the solid moisture content uh dry basis as a function of the length of your driver so obviously as we as they pass to the dryer okay uh they will spend on three hours throughout the entire lack of the player but upon exiting the dryer the dryer at length around six meters obviously it is clear that solid muscle content a dry basis around 25 has been dropped to a 10 and and the opposite uh i'll say behavior was was observed is observed uh when we talk about the vapor phase moisture content okay that would be all for me uh thank you all for listening uh if you like the videos give it a thumbs up uh consider subscribing to my channel and i'll see you guys in the next video bye