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FAQs
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Are Trump's policies actually pushing India and China closer together?
It was apparent when President Trump was campaigning for the Presidency of the United States, that he was not like any candidate in recent history. He would at one point openly mock an Indian Accent and begin to describe his experiences with a call center in regard to one of his credit cards. Of course such stereotyping of Indians can be common in the U.S. and I have heard far more than my fair share during my life. But, even so I was startled that even the last vestiges of “Political Correctness” for many minorities simply was no longer important. The crowd would cheer at this mocking tone, and then some months later he would be elected by the electoral college as the President Elect. Race relations in the U.S. had actually been on a downward spiral even under President Obama, as his presidency which was about bringing change, but instead ended with even more incarcerated minorities than even before. U.S. foreign policies also had largely failed to get anywhere meaningful with two of the world’s most important rising economies, India and China.January 2015, Delhi India.President Obama had been invited to India to sit for the Republic Day Celebrations in Delhi, India. Many in India were reluctant to have a U.S. President for this, as he would mark a distinct tilt towards the U.S. after decades of India’s primary foreign policy being directed at demonstrating the importance of non-aligned cooperation and later Russian reliant defense procurement. Yet here President Obama would squander the meeting by stating upon return to the U.S. that India was a land of “religious intolerance”. This comment did not go over so well in India. Thus, when Trump came to the Presidency many in India were optimistic about what possibilities could be opened. These expectations would not have to wait long to be squashed as Trump carried out what he had talked about.Indian Software Engineer Srinivas Kuchibhotla, was murdered in a racial attack in Kansas in 2017.India would first feel the effect of having the software outsourcing business to be greatly restricted, it was already an industry on the decline due to cloud services. Thus, much of what Trump did by restricting the Visa policies in the U.S. was simply a case of accelerating change for Indian Companies. However his policies created an environment of racial tension as well. There would be several high profile attacks on Indian Americans. As his policies continued he pushed for India to “Correct” it’s trade imbalance with the U.S. Then he shifted to China, and began to unravel American-China trade which had increased every decade since China opened it’s economy in 1978. The amazing aspect was that by restricting trade and the travel of professionals, Trump only hurt the the U.S. economy in the long run. American corporations manufacture their products in China and in effect he made it harder for them to sell their items in the world. There would be exceptions made for companies such as Apple, but the damage was done. China began to decline in demand in respect to purchasing foreign luxury goods and other products. This impacted global growth rates not just the U.S.Prime Minister Modi and Chinese Leader XiAs these events took place in 2018, India and China which had improved relations since 2017 and the brief face off in the Himalayas, moved forward with trade and investments. This progress would be seen during the terrorist attack on India territory on February 14, 2019. For after India’s surgical attack in response to Pakistan's tacit support of Jaiesh E Mohammad, and China’s not labeling it’s head as a Terrorist, the action behind the scenes was anything but what was expected. China would dictate to Pakistan to tone down it’s response to India and to crackdown on terror. China’s role in deescalating the situation was a change from the past. Though it is likely that this will not change the general feelings of Indians to China which are based on the infringement of Indian territory in Kashmir, the current economic linkage is undeniably present. China is investing in India, and even though China remains a deficit producing entity for India on a Macroeconomic level, there is a benefit which has emerged that has not existed since the 1950’s for India. China has finally placed emphasis on maintaining peace in Asia; rather than supporting it’s traditional ally Pakistan. Thus, Pakistan may not count on Chinese assistance during a time of actual war and a similar situation like 1971 would most likely play out.The most telling sign of a paradigm shift is the level of diplomatic exchanges occurring on an ever more frequent basis. Trump has hit India once again by taking away duty free access for a multitude of Indian Products in the past few weeks. It seems now India and China are facing similar circumstances. There will be those who will wish to detract away from the progress being, and they have a legitimate standpoint as history shows a China which turned into an aggressor in 1962 and brutalized Tibet. Yet, this history is unlikely to repeat itself. The age of Mao is long over in China. Even hardcore communist part leaders are no longer drawn to his vision completely. Perhaps an even greater abandonment of his legacy has been the end of the one child policy. But, from the Indian perspective perhaps this was his greatest contribution to the current situation. For China has an aging population and it is extremely unlikely that it would risk the younger component of it’s work force for war. Thus even if we were to negate all else that has changed this enigma would be enough to prevent a land war where large numbers of personnel would be needed. From the Indian side, there simply is no comparing 1962 to the present. For India is today the world’s forth largest economy in PPI terms, and an atomic power. Regardless of how much more China spends on it’s military,India has a credible deterrence capability. The gap between India and China is closing economically in the next two decades. And at the end of the day, India represents a potential market unlike any other in the world. The population of India will exceed that of China in the near future. The potential which India represents has not been seen since the night time skies guided students from China to India before the year 1000, for nearly 1500 years Chinese students came to study in the world’s oldest universities which were in India. The future of peaceful coexistence for all of Asia rests on the future relationship between India and China. The period of the great interchange which lasted from 260 B.C. until the Islamic Invasions of India which began in 1000, represented histories longest peaceful exchange of knowledge between two ancient civilizations. It would see the transfer of Indian Buddhism, Indian Philosophy, mathematics and sciences to China. The genius of Ancient India would become a collective knowledge for all of Asia. It can only be imagined what is possible today if both nations can again harness their creativity in a similar harmony. For it was Deng Xiaoping who stated that the “Century of Asia will not be realized without the development of and co-operation between China and India”List of Popular & Latest Companies from the World | Times of IndiaU.S. Trade Snub Should Be Wake-Up Call for IndiaCan China, Russia and India work together for a fairer order?
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What is Zoho.com?
Zoho is a web-based online office suite containing word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, databases, note-taking, wikis, web conferencing, customer relationship management (CRM), project management, invoicing, and other applications developed by ZOHO Corporation (formerly AdventNet Inc.), a California-based company. It was launched in 2005 with a web-based word processor. Additional products such as spreadsheets and presentations, were incorporated later into Zoho. Zoho applications are distributed as software as a service (SaaS).Zoho uses an open application programming interface for its Writer, Sheet, Show, Creator, Meeting, and Planner products. It also has plugins into Microsoft Word and Excel, an Apache OpenOffice plugin, and a plugin for Firefox.Zoho Sites is an online, drag and drop website builder. It provides web hosting, unlimited storage, bandwidth and web pages. Features also include an array of website templates and mobile websites. Create, Edit, Share and Collaborate and e-Sign documents online with Zoho Writer.Zoho Creator is a low-code platform to create custom web and mobile apps. It employs a drag-and-drop builder to create forms, reports, dashboards, and workflows—the basics of any app—and can be used to manage data, automate business process, and more.Zoho CRM is a customer relationship management application with features like procurement, inventory, and some accounting functions from the realm of ERP. The free version is limited to 10 users.In October 2009, Zoho integrated some of their applications with the Google Apps online suite. This enabled users to sign into both suites under one login. Zoho and Google still remain separate, competing companies.Source: Zoho Office Suite - Wikipedia
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What is the saddest Bollywood celebrity death of all time?
All that glitters is not gold is an old saying which is pretty true when it comes to tinsel town and glam world. It's not just about the bright lights and camera, there are deep dark secrets and truths that will just stir your soul when you read about them. Take a look at some of the most shocking and tragic Indian celeb deaths. Read on to find out what happened in their lives that made them pass on to further and beyond. WARNING: Some images in this album might be disturbing for a few. Disclaimer: itimes does not represent or endorse the accuracy or reliability of any information's, content or contained on, distributed through, or linked, downloaded or accessed from any of the services contained on this website.1/40Crime Patrol Actor Kamlesh Pandey Commits SuicideFamous for playing the role of a police officer in 'Crime Patrol', actor Kamlesh Pandey, committed suicide by shooting himself in the chest. According to a DNA report, the actor, in a drunken fury, shot himself in the chest in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. The reason behind the suicide is still unknown, but the report cites personal reasons behind the big step. Probes also suggest that he had some sort of a friction with his family and before taking a step of ending his life; he got into an argument2/40Monica Ghurde's Murder DetailsThe former security guard Rajkumar Singh was attracted to Monica since the day she moved into the building. But his animosity came in to picture when he was sacked from the job when he was accused of stealing her umbrella. He spent two days on her building's terrace looking for opportunity to get inside her flat and finally succeeded on October 5. Image procured via Google Search3/40Perfumer Monica Ghurde's Shocking DeathThe security guard knocked on her door and forced himself inside and held her by the knife point. Right when she was about to shout for help, he covered her mouth and took her inside the bathroom. Ghurde become nervous and went into a semi-conscious state. In spite of Monica willing to offer him money, Rajkumar wasn't convinced and tied her to the bed binding her hands and legs. He took her phone, asked her for its password so he could unlock it and prevent her from calling for any help. The m4/40Monica Ghurde's Spine Chilling Murder DetailsRajkumar said that after smothering Ghurde, he thought she was unconscious. Thinking she would wake up, he went into the kitchen, boiled two eggs and ate them. But, as Ghurde was still unconscious, he checked on her and realised she had died. He then fled from the spot. He revealed that he tied her hands as she was asleep and raped her, before smothering her using a pillow. Rajkumar Singh reportedly told the police that he intended to film her in the nude to blackmail her. Image procured via Goo5/40Shilpa Shetty's Father Passes AwayIt is believed that Shilpa Shetty's father Surendra Shetty suffered from a massive heart attack while he was asleep and breathed his last.Harman Baweja and R Madhavan visited the Shettys to offer their condolences. Photo courtesy: Google6/40Surendra Shetty Suffers Heart AttackHe was the manufacturer of tamper-proof water caps for the pharmaceutical industry. Shilpa's father had even produced a Indo-Chinese drama film for her titled, 'The Desire', which unfortunately remained unreleased. Photo courtesy: Google search7/40Labh Janjua's tragic deathLondon Thumakda singer, Labh Janjua passed away on October 21st under mysterious circumstances at his residence in Goregaon. He was alone when he passed away. His friend took him to the hospital just hours before the tragedy and he was diagnosed with acidity. His friend was informed by Janjua's wife, who lives in Ludhiana, that he wasn't picking his phone up. When he went to investigate, he found him dead. The police haven't commented on whether his death was due to natural causes or a suicide.8/40Aarthi AggarwalTelugu actress Aarthi Agarwal passed away after her health deteriorated following a liposuction surgery. The 31-year-old had reportedly gone to the US for the liposuction surgery and complications following it resulted in her death.9/40Parveen BabiOne of the most glamorous starlets of her times, Parveen Babi died a really sad death on January 20, 2005 at her flat in Mumbai. She lived a lonely life and nobody knows for certain whether she committed suicide or if she died a natural death as her body was found after the flat had to be broken into by the police. Image courtesy: Procured via Google Search10/40Silk SmithaVijayalakshmi Vadlapati, or Silk Smitha as you know her, is one of the most well known erotic actresses we know of. However, Vadlapati was trying to change her destiny and name by turning producer after a successful stint in front of the camera acting in over 450 films for 17 years. Things did not fall in place for her and apparently she committed suicide by poisoning herself in 1996. Failed romance, depression and dependency on alcohol have been cited as other reasons for her premature death. I11/40Nafisa JosephPopular VJ Nafisa Joseph's budding Bollywood career came to an abrupt halt after hanging herself to death at the age of 26. According to police investigation, she was due to marry businessman Gautam Khanduja in a few weeks time and that a spat with Khanduja pushed her to the edge. Image courtesy: Procured via Google Search12/40Jiah KhanThe 'Nishabd' girl Jiah Khan made headlines after she hanged herself at her Mumbai residence in June 2013. The actress who was in a relationship with Aditya Pancholi's son, Suraj Pancholi is said to have taken this extreme step due to the trouble in her relationship and a not so bright future in Bollywood. Image courtesy: Procured via Google Search13/40Meena KumariMeena Kumari's real tragedy was that she could have seen the adulation her film Pakeezah was creating at around the same time she was fighting a losing battle to liver cirrhosis caused by alcohol addiction. Known as Tragedy Queen, Meena Kumari died at the age of 40 without fully knowing how much audiences loved her. Image courtesy: Procured via Google Search14/40Kuljeet RandhawaThe Gladrags model hung herself to death in her Juhu apartment in 2006. In her suicide letter she mentioned a failed career as the reason behind this extreme step. Image courtesy: Procured via Google Search15/40MadhubalaLike Babi, Madhubala too ruled hearts of millions with her performance in movies like 'Mughal-e-Azam', 'Howrah Bridge' and 'Mr and Mrs 55'. And like Babi, she died a lonely death with no one at her side with no one to look after her in her final days. Her marble tomb was adorned with 'aayats' and verse dedications from the Quran but even her final resting place was uprooted in 2010 to make way for newer graves. Image courtesy: Procured via Google Search16/40Jaspal BhattiNoted comedian and filmmaker Jaspal Bhatti, 57, died in a road accident near Shahkot on October 25, 2012. Bhatti along with his son Jasraj who was on the wheel, and two others was coming to Jalandhar from Bathinda for the promotion of his new film 'Power Cut' when the car hit a tree on the roadside. Image courtesy: Procured via Google Search17/40Vivek ShauqActor Vivek Shauq, best known for his role in comedy serial Flop Show and Ulta Pulta with comedian Jaspal Bhatti, died after suffering a heart attack. The 47-year-old actor had acted in about 60 films - both Hindi and Punjabi - includingGadar - Ek Prem Katha, Aitraaz and 36 China Town among others. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE18/40Nargis DuttNargis is widely regarded as one of the greatest actresses in the history of Hindi cinema and remembered for her performances in films like Mother India, Barsaat, Andaz, Awaara, Shree 420 and Chori Chori. Nargis was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and underwent treatment for the disease at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. Upon her return to India, her condition deteriorated, and she was admitted to BsignNow Candy Hospital in Mumbai. She sank into a coma on May 2, 1981 and diedSHARE19/40Uday KiranHis death came as a shocker to the Tollywood industry. Uday Kiran hung himself inside his flat in Srinagar colony, Punjagutta, Hyderabad. There are rumours in the film city that renowned actor Chiranjeevi and Uday Kiran did not share a good relationship. Uday's engagement had been cancelled with Chiranjeevi's daughter before. Kiran had suffered from depression due to financial crisis for almost a year. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE20/40Divya BhartiOne of the most shocking deaths in Bollywood came upon the young and vivacious Divya Bharti who died at the tender age of 19. It is still unclear if she fell off the fifth floor of a building or whether she was pushed by someone or if she was drunk and lost her balance. What is known is that Bharti left an impact on the industry even in her brief career period with films like 'Deewana'. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE21/40Smita PatilBollywood lost its most talented and gorgeous Indian actress the day when Smita passed away. She passed away due to childbirth complications on 13 December 1986 at the age of 31. However, some people rumoured that she died of medical negligence. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE22/40Varsha BhonsleDepressed and lonely, she had apparently tried taking her lives many times before. In October 2012, she shot herself to death with a licensed weapon. Traumatizing her mother Asha Bhonsle and aunt Lata Mangeshkar, it was a moment of doom for her family. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE23/40SoundaryaSouth actress, Soundarya died in a plane crash near Bangalore in 2004. After having acted in more than 100 films, Soundarya had started producing films in the south. The beautiful actress was only 32 when she passed away. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE24/40Sanjeev KumarOne of the most talented Bollywood actors, Sanjeev Kumar made his debut in Hum Hindustani in 1960 and never looked back. His most memorable films include Aandhi, Mausam, Angoor, Namkeen, Shatranj Ke Khiladi, Sholay and Trishul. In 1985, when he was 47 years old, he died of a heart ailment. Ironically for an actor who played many elderly roles, he did not live to the age of 50. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE25/40Gulshan Kumar'Cassette King' Gulshan Kumar, the founder of the T-Series music label (Super Cassettes Industries Ltd.), was killed outside the Jeeteshwar Mahadev Mandir, a Hindu temple in Jeet Nagar, Andheri West suburb of Mumbai on August 12, 1997. The police accused Nadeem of the music duo Nadeem-Shravan of having paid for the assassination. However, on January 9, 2001, Abdul Rauf (known as 'Raja') confessed to being the assassin. Rauf was sentenced to life imprisonment for the crime. Image courtesy: Procur26/40Viveka BabajeeA top model for all reputed fashion designers including Ritu Beri, Rohit Bal, Sandeep Khosla, Ritu Kumar and so on, she shot to fame with a commercial for Kamasutra condoms. Hanging herself from a ceiling fan, the actress blamed her former boyfriend Gautam Vohra for her death. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE27/40Ishmeet Singh SodhiIn July 2008, Singh, winner of Amul STAR Voice of India 2007, went on a visit to the Maldives with fellow contestants Sumitra and Vyom for a concert that was to be held on August 1, 2008. He died on July 29, 2008, drowning in the swimming pool of the Chaaya Island Dhonveli resort in Male where he was staying. Ishmeet's family suspect that he has been murdered and have listed the reasons why on the Ishmeet Singh Foundation website. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE28/40Sandeep AcharyaIndian Idol 2 winner Sandeep Acharya died following an illness that caused jaundice on 15 December 2013. He was rushed to Medanta Hospital in Gurgaon near New Delhi after his health deteriorated. He was at a wedding in Bikaner when his situation worsened and his relatives had to rush him to the hospital, where he died. His younger brother informed media on his death, "Last night, doctors said his condition was under control and he was showing signs of recovery. We were all hoping we'd soon takeSHARE29/40Archana PandeyModel, actor Archana Pandey reportedly committed suicide and was found dead at her residence in Lokhandwala, Andheri west, Mumbai. According to an official from Versova Police station, she committed suicide a couple of days back. However, her body was discovered after they got a call from her neighbours. The officials confirmed to have found a suicide note at her residence. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE30/40Priya RajvanshPriya Rajvansh is one of the most beautiful and underrated actress from Bollywood who acted in films like 'Heer Ranjha' and 'Hanste Zakhm' in the 70s. She was found murdered in 2000 but the case was initially written off as a suicide. It was only later established that she had been killed by her late husband Chetan Anand's children and two other accomplices for property. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE31/40Vinod MehraVinod Mehra started out as a child actor in a few films before starting his adult film career in 1971. Some of his prominent films include Nagin, Jaani Dushman, Khud-Daar, Anurodh, Amardeep, and Bemisal. He had turned producer and director with the film Gurudev in the late 1980s, with Sridevi, Rishi Kapoor and Anil Kapoor in the lead, but he suddenly died of a heart attack before completion of the film at the age of 45 in October 1990. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE32/40Nirmal PandeyBollywood was stunned by the death of actor Nirmal Pandey, who shot to fame as Vikram Mallah in Bandit Queen. He passed away following a massive heart attack. He was 48. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE33/40Murali46 year-old Tamil actor Murali, who had acted in over 100 films, died of a heart attack on Sept 8, 2010. Murali, son of famous Kannada film director Siddalingaia, made his debut in Tamil film in 1984 playing the lead role in Poovilangu, directed by Ameerjhan. Murali was much-sought after actor in the 90s when he gave a string of hit movies. Image courtesy: Procured via Google Search34/40Manmohan DesaiManmohan Desai's films are the template from which Bollywood potboilers are drawn. The director of iconic movies such as Amar Akbar Anthony, Coolie, Parvarish and Aa Gale Lag Jaa. His death created as much curiosity as his earlier films after he fell off his residence building at Grant Road in Mumbai. Details about the real nature of his death are still shrouded in mystery. Some people speculated that Desai had committed suicide as his later films had not been successful while some others claimeSHARE35/40Manish AcharyaYoung filmmaker Manish Acharya, who rose to fame with his first film Loins of Punjab Presents, died in a freak accident after he fell off a horse in Matheran. Manish was associated with Hrithik Roshan's Luck By Chance and Sita Sings the Blues. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE36/40Kunal SinghRemember the long-haired guy from 'Dil Hi Dil Mein'? He was named Kunal Singh and his death by hanging in 2008 caused quite a flutter in the industry after his father claimed that Kunal had been murdered nor was a suicide note found at his house. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE37/40Kishore KumarIn October 1987, a singer who was literally worshipped by many Kishore Da died following a massive heart attack. He had been married four times and is survived by his two sons Amit Kumar and Sumit Kumar. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE38/40Guru DuttIn 1964, Guru Dutt was found dead from an overdose of alcohol and sleeping pills. Whether it was an accident or suicide is still out for debate. While his family claims the incident was an accident, it is more or less established that Dutt committed suicide. He was depressed about the distance between him and wife Geeta and had been having morbid thoughts for a while. It was Dutt's third attempt at suicide according to his long time collaborator V K Murthy. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SeSHARE39/40Geeta BaliGeeta Bali, wife of Shammi Kapoor died at a very young age of 36. During her shoot for the Punjabi movie 'Rano' she contacted the dreaded disease, small pox, from which she easily could have vaccinated herself from. She was rushed back to Mumbai for her treatment. But death overshadowed her life. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchSHARE40/40Jagjit SinghRenowned ghazal singer Jagjit Singh died on Oct 10, 2011 at the Lilavati Hospital in Mumbai after he suffered a brain hemorrhage. Mr Singh was 70. Image courtesy: Procured via Google SearchFootnote-Most Tragic Indian Celebrity DeathsHope you liked it!!Thanks for Scrolling and reading.“Have a nice day.CREDIT-FAUZAN FAHAD
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What is the National Security Strategy of India?
Recently I participated in the “Prime Minister’s Silver Cup Essay Writing Competition 2017” which is one of the most prestigious essay writing competitions, being conducted by the SVP National Police Academy, Hyderabad for all the police officers from all departments, of all ages and ranks, across the entire country.The winner of the competition gets a Cash Prize, a Silver Cup and will be felicitated at the IPS Officers’ Passing Out Ceremony which is held at their Graduation Day in Hyderabad.The topic of that competition for this year was “National Security Strategy - From Cold War to Code War”. I shall be writing the essay here which I had submitted to the competition. I would lose the intellectual property rights for this essay to the Academy if I win the competition. If not, I would retain the rights to publish this essay anywhere I like. Since the results would come later this year, so writing it here wont be any problem. :P (Will delete this post, if by mistake, I get a prize :P)Anyways, here is the essay. The answer to this question. The national security strategy for India.“National Security Strategy : From Cold War to Code War”“Conflicting ideals are a virtue; they keep us on our toes, in a constant vigil” – AnonymousEons ago, when the earth was still uninhabited by the intriguing Homo sapiens, there existed a distant relative species of the contemporary cow, called the aurochs. This ancestral relative of the modern cattle was a highly ferocious and territorial animal, much unlike the present docile cow. The aurochs used to rule the lands of mid-Europe for centuries, and domesticating it was an unthinkable thought. But, a few centuries after the arrival of the humans, the ferocity of the aurochs was extinguished, the once undomesticable animal was domesticated, and the private parts of the aurochs were even squeezed by humans to extract nutritious milk. The aurochs was exploited, both physically and mentally, and was slowly transformed into the modern day humble cow. The aurochs, as we know it, is extinct, and now can be found only in the fossilized bones which are preserved in the museums, built by humans. There was no security for the aurochs. There was no strategy for the aurochs to save itself from the wrath of the humans. This is what happens when one does not have a viable security strategy against the threats of nature – Massacre and Extinction.In the last one century, our planet earth has witnessed major in-fighting amongst one of its species, the humans. The human beings have been fighting amongst themselves for millennia, but the last one hundred years had outdone all that. With the Great War of 1914 – 1918, the entire world witnessed enormous destruction, and it was thought that such destruction can never happen again. Then came the next Great War, aptly called the World War II, from 1939 till 1945, which again witnessed unprecedented destruction and loss of life. The dropping of the two nuclear bombs showed the capacity of the human intellect to destroy; to demolish; to devastate.The wreckage created by these two Wars taught a very valuable lesson to the human beings – Do not fight each other. But, this lesson was too short-lived, and we saw the rise of two super-powers, with conflicting ideas, ideals and ideologies, two countries that were competitive enough to start a race. A race to spread their ideology; A race to gain maximum number of members for their bloc; a race to build sophisticated arms; a race to explore space; a technological race; an ideological race; a hegemonic race – A race which paved the path for impending global destruction.For over five decades, the United States of America (USA) led the capitalist ideology bloc against the communist countries group, which was led by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) (Soviet Union) for unopposed global leadership, at the cost of each other. Soon after the famous Cuban crisis of 1962, the rise in the race for accumulation of dangerous arms shocked the entire world, as it shocked these two countries as well. To slow down this race and to ensure a strong control of arms proliferation, the two superpowers started holding bilateral conferences called the SALTs – Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, which paved way to treaties called the STARTs – Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties. Due to this self-realization on their abilities to destroy the world, due to these plans to put aside their ego and come to an agreement, due to these security strategies to avert mutual destruction, the entire planet has been saved. Even though the USSR disintegrated due to its internal crumbling issues later and ensured USA wins the Cold War Race, but these talks and treaties had sound security strategy to avert a full-blown War between the two blocs. This shows the importance of bilateral talks, strategic plans and the importance of peace for our own survival.The same can be said about the history of the security issues of independent India as well. Gifted by a long coastline, a longer land border with a myriad of interesting countries with interesting bilateral relationships, a rising economy, an increasing hegemony in the global international affairs, a nation that is abundant with resources and thrives with a diverse chaotic population which is divided by religion, region, language, caste, class, gender, race and what not, it is a miracle indeed that India still is a functioning vibrant democracy and has not been internally disintegrated or externally destroyed yet.With internal problems ranging from intense home-grown armed naxalism, an ideological and violent Maoism, the divisional insurgent movements in the North-East, an increasing number of cyber threats, a rising crime rate, a constant fear of cross-border religious fundamentalist terrorism, India does face a continuous variety of constant issues, simultaneously, which can be witnessed nowhere else in the world. No other country has such diverse internal cleavages amongst its own populace, no other country faces so many varied security issues at the same time and no other country has survived and thrived in such immense chaos, as does India.The most intense struggle is against our neighbouring brother, Pakistan, with whom we have already indulged in three and a half wars. Tensions seem to be never-ending and any improvements in peace talks are marred with disappointing incidents like the Uri attack or the Pathankot attack, which we retaliate again through surgical strikes and by bringing up the Indus Water Treaty and Balochistan issues. Construction of the Kishenganga, Ratle and Baglihar dams on the cross-border rivers are becoming an issue as well. But, the recent victory of India in the International Court of Justice gives us a moral advantage in the international scenario. To also ensure that a minimum deterrence is established, India came up with the Cold Start doctrine, which aims to destroy all important strategic locations in Pakistan, if instances of unwanted cross-border terrorism occur. Not just cross-border terrorism, but also border demarcation issues through the Sir Creek estuary and the Thalweg doctrine are major impediments in the bilateral relationship with Pakistan. To further establish deterrence, India has the Nuclear Triad - Ability to fire nuclear weapons through land, water and air. And at the same time, to build better friendship, India also undertakes Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) and has the ‘No-First Use’ nuclear attack policy. To analyse all these trends the Central Government had set up a Committee under Madhukar Gupta to understand ways and means of border protection, especially along the Indo-Pakistan border.Whereas, with China it is a totally different issue. With the rise of the Chinese economy, China wants to portray its hegemony in the Asian affairs, at the cost of the rise of India. It wants to coerce India into signing the One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative; it wants to weaken India by making her have a trade deficit by dumping lots of Chinese goods into the market; it wants to ensure that India loses all its friends by subtly influencing their neighbours. China has started subverting the entire Pahadi (Northern Mountainous) region of Nepal, and now it has set its eyes on subverting the Madheshi Terai (Southern Plains) region. China is coercing Nepal into making the Government teach Chinese language in the schools and colleges of Nepal. It has also set up branches of the China Study Centre, China Cultural Centre, Buddhist Study Centre and Confucius Centre throughout the cities of Nepal to proliferate and spread the Chinese culture in the daily affairs of Nepal. It is also known that China controls a few-Nepal based newspapers and they get anti-India articles published in these newspapers, which the local Nepali citizens read and unknowingly get influenced by the Chinese propaganda. This subtle subversion is slowly and mildly influencing the entire Nepalese population to become pro-China and anti-India. These kind of mind games need to be countered by similar mind-games from the Indian side as well.The issue with Bangladesh is more complicated, mainly due to the infiltration of unregulated refugees and migrants into the north-eastern states which is changing the racial dynamics of these states, especially Assam. A large migrant Bangladeshi population is creating a Law & Order issue in the Assamese region mainly due to the xenophobia amongst the local populace, and the illegal settlement and citizenship registration of these Bangladeshi immigrants. The Myanmar border is stained with the stronghold of various drug cartels, due to the presence of the famous Golden Triangle, the world’s drug manufacturing horde. This is combined with the internal insurgency issues of the North-Eastern states, the violent Naga ethnic problem and an absence of economic development due to inaccessibility of the seven sister states with mainland India.Afghanistan is a friendly state, but is suffering from its own crumbling internal problems. India has ensured to maintain a cordial relationship with the Government, so that the rise of the Taliban can be monitored. India has helped Afghanistan in constructing the parliament building, dams and other essential infrastructure. India has hosted the Heart of Asia Conference of the Istanbul Process many times to gather international support for the Afghans. Overall, there are no border skirmishes with Afghanistan as India is respected by the people of this country. The same applies to the relationship with Bhutan as well, where mutual respect and understanding is the prevalent predominant norm, as propounded by the I.K. Gujral’s Doctrine of India helping its friendly neighbouring countries unilaterally, without expecting much in return. For every other strained border, including that of Sri Lanka, there are the Armed Forces which take care of the safety and security of the country.The effectiveness of the Armed Forces keeps increasing as the country faces and overcomes many of the violent incidents, which occur on a daily basis, in some or the other part of the country. The Ministry of Defence is in a constant vigil with its constituents, the Army, the Navy, the Air Force and the Indian Coast Guard ever committed to their duties. The Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal controlling Ministry to a plethora of organizations including the Intelligence Bureau (IB) which takes care of internal intelligence collection and analyses, Border Security Force (BSF) at the Indo-Pakistan and Indo-Bangladesh border, Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) to ensure anti-naxal operations, Assam Rifles (AR) at the Indo-Myanmar border, Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) to give security protection to vital installations and strategic industries, National Security Guard (NSG) to combat against terrorist activities, Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) for the Indo-Nepal open border, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) which takes care of the Indo-Chinese border, the Special Protection Group (SPG) gives protection to VIPs such as the Prime Minister, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) for investigating corruption charges and complicated cases of national importance, National Investigation Agency (NIA) which focuses on investigating terrorism related incidents and the Indian Police Service (IPS) personnel who head various State Police services. Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), takes care of the external foreign intelligence collection and analyses, reports directly to the Prime Minister’s Office. Each of this organization has a specific task cut-out, which increases its specialization and specificity to handle these security issues with a focussed agenda. On top of these tasks, the Indian Government sometimes takes part in extraordinary exercises such as Operation Sankat Mochan where Indians were airlifted from South Sudan and Operation Raahat where Indians who were stuck in Yemen during their civil war were taken to safety. These new and upcoming challenges need a lot of presence of mind, training and an upgradation in the equipment used by the Armed Forces.Modernization of the Armed Forces has become a top priority for the Central Government after the establishment of the Vijay Kelkar Committee which focussed on the Defence Production and Acquisition of arms & ammunition from various foreign defence industries. As an aftermath to this committee, the Government also set up the Dhirendra Singh Committee for Defence Modernization which included recommendations like transfer of technology to ensure indigenous development and production of defence arms locally. This can be achieved with the help of the many Ordnance Factories established in the country under the overall technical supervision of the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO).Based on these recommendations, the Indian Army has recently announced the formation and formal establishment of the Army Design Bureau. It is aimed to act as an interface of the Indian Army that will provide high-tech defence products with the help of the collaboration between academics, various research organisations and the industry. This indigenous method will provide a better understanding of the Army’s requirements and would indigenise procurements and reduce the dependence on the massive imports. This will add an impetus to the ‘Make in India’ initiative of the Central Government.Even the Navy is getting an upgrade with the approval of “Project 75”, where a series of advanced Scorpene submarines are being built, along with the induction of new naval attack ships INS Khanderi, INS Kalvari and others to the Indian Navy. In the same way, French Rafale fighter jets are being procured and are being inducted to the Indian Air Force. These will be on the lines of the Russian Sukhoi, which has helped the Air Force in innumerable ways. The Committee set up under the Chairmanship of Naresh Chandra gave its recommendations on the ways and means to ensure effective Defence Management which called for a better collaboration between the various Armed Forces.This enhanced collaboration can already been seen in the annual inter-service military exercise called the Theatre Readiness Operational Exercise (TROPEX) involving the Army, the Navy, the Air Force and the Coast Guard which is designed to test the inter-operability and combat readiness of these Forces. Not just the TROPEX, but inter-national and inter-country military exercises are being organized annually to ensure inter-operability at a global scale, for example, the annual Malabar Trilateral Exercise between the naval forces of India, Japan and the United States. Even India and China have their own annual joint military exercise called Hand-in-Hand. This ensures an increased cooperation and mutual understanding of various countries, which may subtly increase friendship and strengthen the relationship.Such global initiatives are very common, especially in a post-Cold War era, most of the initiatives try to increase the collaboration between various countries, and many other initiatives try to control and restrict the proliferation of weapons. The Australia Group is one such initiative whose sole purpose is to reduce the usage of Chemical Weapons. The countries of this Group try to stop the trade in Chemical weapons and are pro-active in destroying the storage of chemical weapons in various countries. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), which won the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize works to prohibit the proliferation of chemical weapons and aims to destroy any stack held by any country.In the same way, another grouping by the name of Wassenar Agreement was created to monitor the trade and transport in conventional arms and weapons. The Hague Code of Conduct and the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) works to control and monitor the production and trade of ballistic missiles made by the signatory countries. In a similar way, the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) restricts the trade of nuclear fissile material in the global scenario. India’s security strategy presently is to become a part of these four Agreements to ensure that it equips itself with the latest technology to ward away and deter any forms of external and internal aggression. The joining of these four groups also would enhance India’s global hegemony which would further enable her to become a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council later.India has changed its international strategy considerably, from those days of neutrality and non-alignment when it started the Non-Aligned Movement at the Bandung Conference in 1955, to the current bilateral and multilateral agreements being made with all the strategically important countries. The Prime Minister also is exhibiting diminished interest in the outdated NAM principles, as he did not attend the summit this year. We can also see alignment with countries like USA, with the signing of the LEMOA agreement and an increasing procurement of arms from USA instead of Russia. USA also recently announced India as one of its Major Defence Partners for upgrading the bilateral relationship to the next level. India has also started signing important Agreements with conflicting countries like Israel, Saudi Arabia and Iran in these security matters. The careful balancing of the Indian foreign policy juggling between these three triangularly ideologically opposite countries is a modern day wonder indeed.If things seemed complicated in the international scenario, they are no less in the internal scenario as well. The State Police which takes care of the Law & Order situation, reduction of crime rate, management of prisons and other policing is facing a tough situation indeed. With the rising drug related problems, rapes, murders, thefts, corruption, bribery etc., the local citizenry is facing a lot of issues in their day-to-day problems which needs to be solved by their locally available policemen. A Committee was set up under Justice Malimath to suggest recommendations in revamping the Criminal Justice system. It reiterated the need for D. K. Basu Guidelines that are to be followed by the policemen to adhere to the Procedure of Arrest. The revamping of the existing police machinery to suit the needs of the current times is a must. With an enhanced citizen – police interactional interface, what needs is an upgradation in the maintenance of police records. This can be achieved through digitization of court records, police official documents and connecting the internal systems of all the police stations and courts with each other. An online interface and an ability to lodge FIRs online should also be encouraged. Utilizing the internet for establishing e-Governance will help the common man in approaching the police easier. The increase in the usage of internet through smartphones and laptops by today’s India is a testimony for this fact indeed.The increase in the interconnectivity of the entire world due to the explosive proliferation and penetration of the internet in the last two decades has brought a plethora of new security threats that need to be understood and neutralized soon. The Government had set up a Committee under A P Shah to understand the threats of the cyber world and ways to enhance the country’s cyber security. It also set up the Gulshan Rai Committee for Data Privacy which recommended ways to ensure that the data we generate and store is secure and safe. The inventions of new virtual digital crypto-currencies like the Bitcoin have also brought up new challenges in the cyber and financial sectors. The Bitcoins, which are unregulated, have the ability to disrupt the cyber space and disintegrate the financial world.The setting up of the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) has been an excellent initiative to tackle the futuristic problems of the contemporary times. Especially at a time when our neighbouring countries are building armies of cyber warfare forces whose sole purpose is to attack the cyber networks of the vital installations of our country. With the help of CERT-In, the Central Government has also brought out initiatives like Cyber Swachata Kendra to help secure the cyberspace which is still at an early nascent stage. Now, the need of the time for the Indian Government is to build an army of IT specialists and cyber analysts who can both defend the country’s cyber infrastructure and if the need be, attack the enemy country’s online vital installations.The country anyways exports coding experts to the developed countries in the pretext of “brain drain”, whereas the Indian Government can hire the same computer specialists for managing her own cyber security. It is said that the Cold War was actually a war between the two blocs’ mathematicians, statisticians and coders whose work was to solve and break codes of the enemy country’s strategies and plans. From that Cold War, to the current Code War, the importance of this intelligentsia cannot be overemphasised. They have been the unsung heroes of those times, and they still will be the true heroes in these times.Along with conventional armies and conventional security strategies, India needs to learn to use unconventional means to win over the unconventional threats that she faces in the contemporary times in order to survive. Our country is a curious case where it has been successful in attracting all sorts of complications including terrorism, insurgency, Maoism, underworld gang wars, smuggling, theft, rapes, crime, border infiltration and every kind of possible issue that can be thought of. Our country has also created a viable organizational capacity to control each one of these intimidating activities.For over seven decades since Independence, the young country has gained experience in tackling each threat with its own focussed strategy, with its own viable plan and with its own appropriate ideation. Learning from the historic tale of the aurochs, in the current cluttered international context, and the more chaotic internal context, India has learnt to take good care of herself. Much unlike the fabled extinct aurochs, to ensure her own survival, India has constantly strived to have a viable National Security Strategy, right from those days of the Cold War, to these times of the Code War.
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What is the next wave of innovation in e-commerce after flash sales and private sales?
Ok, I have thought about this a lot having worked on a business plan/model in this space. The next great ecommerce phenomenon will be:FUN. Like not just fun because you got a great deal, or the site has great marketing and is Flashy. Hanging out with your friends at the mall when you're 14 years old was probably the last time you had a FUN experience that involved consumerism. And do you realize it was fun even though you had maybe $18 to spend on something shitty from Anchor Blue or that one pink and black chain (I forgot the name) that sold vaguely adult products. Now all your experiences online or offline are tinged with the maniacal pressure to get the best F-ing deal on the planet, or the sublimated guilt of spending more money than you really feel comfortable doing on some "brand", but hey it's Amazon Prime and it will be here in 36 hours so it's OK! Neither of these scenarios are really pure FUN FUN FUN 'till your daddy takes your T-Bird away.PRODUCT DRIVEN. Both in the sense that the site will be a PRODUCT that the web hasn't seen before: not just a marketing or business model gimmick, or smartly targeted audience segment, or whatever. And in the sense that the PRODUCTS you buy will be front and center in the experience.Will CHANGE what "buying" actually MEANS. Every ecommerce business model I've seen to date actually underwhelms because it aims far too low. The point of the web is that it makes it possible to actually change the definition of vocabulary words we use day in and day out through novel experiences. But all these fancy deal-a-day-private-sale-curated sites still mean "buying" when they say "buying". Thats boring!Will be acutely aware of MIMETIC DESIRE and the full implications of Rene Girard's thinking on modern consumer behavior.So that's my tease about what I think/know the next phenomenon will look like, at least in my imagination. Peace out!
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How can you show your arguments to prove or disprove that Taiwan has its right to become an independent state?
There’s the legal aspect and the simple reality aspect.I won’t really get into the reality aspect as if you don’t get reality then there isn’t much point in the debate. the reality is that Taiwan right now is known as the Republic of China, that’s effectively an sovereign state that control the island and some outer island. The problem is that the Republic of China is also the official government of China until it was kicked out of the UN in the 70s and effectively controlled China until 1949. So the reality is that the two sides are separate but it is the result of an unresolved civil war.Meanwhile, if one does not knows that any state exist not because people say it does or not , instead of actually holding territory with a functional government. then one could make an argument that Israel doesn’t exist while Tibet IS an independent state. which obviously is idiotic.The legal aspect, quite frankly, one would have to suspend a lot of realities to make a realistic argument on Taiwan being an independent state away from China. The common argument presented paints an extremely one sided view of the happenings toward the end of WW2 to it’s immediate aftermath . only saying the one or two things in their favor while ignoring the ton of counter points against them.The primary legal argument rises from article 2 in the Treat of San FrancsicoArticle 2(a) Japan recognizing the independence of Korea, renounces all right, title and claim to Korea, including the islands of Quelpart, Port Hamilton and Dagelet.(b) Japan renounces all right, title and claim to Formosa and the Pescadores.(c) Japan renounces all right, title and claim to the Kurile Islands, and to that portion of Sakhalin and the islands adjacent to it over which Japan acquired sovereignty as a consequence of the Treaty of Portsmouth of September 5, 1905.(d) Japan renounces all right, title and claim in connection with the League of Nations Mandate System, and accepts the action of the United Nations Security Council of April 2, 1947, extending the trusteeship system to the Pacific Islands formerly under mandate to Japan.(e) Japan renounces all claim to any right or title to or interest in connection with any part of the Antarctic area, whether deriving from the activities of Japanese nationals or otherwise.(f) Japan renounces all right, title and claim to the Spratly Islands and to the Paracel Islands.Notice that the part on Formosa (Taiwan.) only says that Japan renounced the right to Taiwan, it didn’t actually say it return it to China, and that’s basically the core issue. The spin would be that since it didn’t implicitly say that they return it to China, thus it didn’t. so it’s just an unclaimed land that the ROC then illegally occupied.The problem is that suspend a lot of realities and reading a lot into assumptions. one could say that this may have been an conspiracy of the US and Japan to leave an open end to where there’s that possibility, especially given that in the following Treaty of Taipei between the ROC and Japan also did not explicitly say state the sovereignty of Taiwan as well. the problem is that if you examine the real actions and also the things leading up to all this. this argument become a lot more difficult to hold up .The most important part to note in the lead up to the end of the war, the Instrument of Surrender. which the Japanese officially signed.( remember this ? the document the Japanese was signing was the Instrument of surrender.)So what did this document say? it’s very short, but one just really need to look at the first paragraph.We, acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United States, China, and Great Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and subsequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied Powers.We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under the Japanese control wherever situated.We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and the Japanese people to cease hostilities forthwith, to preserve and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property and to comply with all requirements which may be imposed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of the Japanese Government at his direction.We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Headquarters to issue at once orders to the Commanders of all Japanese forces and all forces under Japanese control wherever situated to surrender unconditionally themselves and all forces under their control.We hereby command all civil, military and naval officials to obey and enforce all proclamations, and orders and directives deemed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be proper to effectuate this surrender and issued by him or under his authority and we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and to continue to perform their non-combatant duties unless specifically relieved by him or under his authority.We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government and their successors to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam Declaration in good faith, and to issue whatever orders and take whatever actions may be required by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by any other designated representative of the Allied Powers for the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration.We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters at once to liberate all allied prisoners of war and civilian internees now under Japanese control and to provide for their protection, care, maintenance and immediate transportation to places as directed.The authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers who will take such steps as he deems proper to effectuate these terms of surrender.Signed at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 0903 I on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945.So obviously, the entire surrender basically say “we accept the Potsdam declaration.”Ok, then what was the Potsdam declaration? The most important part one should know in regards to Taiwan is simply.(8) The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine.( The later part of this is actually tricky since it leaves open end that Okinawa’s status is really undetermined.)But clearly this says that the Potsdam declaration’s basis was the Cairo declaration. then what did the Declaration say?President Roosevelt, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and Prime Minister Mr. Churchill, together with their respective military and diplomatic advisers, have completed a conference in North Africa.The following general statement was issued:"The several military missions have agreed upon future military operations against Japan. The Three Great Allies expressed their resolve to bring unrelenting pressure against their brutal enemies by sea, land, and air. This pressure is already rising."The Three Great Allies are fighting this war to restrain and punish the aggression of Japan. They covet no gain for themselves and have no thought of territorial expansion. It is their purpose that Japan shall be stripped of all the islands in the Pacific which she has seized or occupied since the beginning of the first World War in 1914, and that all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa, and The Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China. Japan will also be expelled from all other territories which she has taken by violence and greed. The aforesaid three great powers, mindful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, are determined that in due course Korea shall become free and independent."With these objects in view the three Allies, in harmony with those of the United Nations at war with Japan, will continue to persevere in the serious and prolonged operations necessary to procure the unconditional surrender of Japan."………. well then if your going to deny this, then for all intent and purpose you must deny the Potsdam and thus also the instrument of surrender.So for the legal argument of Taiwan having not being returned to the ROC, then the argument would also have to logically conclude that Japan is still at war with the Allies. since the instrument of surrender is null.Obviously that’s just insanity. and even if you go down that logical path then the result is still not a independent Taiwan, but that Taiwan belongs to Japan.
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Do Muslims of India really consider Owaisi as their prominent leader and authority over Islam?
READ THE FULL ANSWER AND FOLLOW THE SOURCE IN THE ANSWER, given at the end of this answer and copy paste it as much as you canthis answer is being collapsed due to breaking india forces among the msulimsThere are two types of Muslims in India.The first type are patriots and they are Indians first and then Muslims. They are happy here.The second type are Muslims first and Pakistanis at heart. They hate India, despite knowing that if Pakistan or Bangladesh will have Hindu Presidents, Hindu Chief Justice, Hindu Chiefs of Armed forces , Hindu Union ministers etc, the sun will rise in the west. We call them DESH DROHIS.On 8th Aug 1012, the usually soft spoken and level headed Asaduddin Owaisi , the leader of All india Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen while debating the Assam riots in the Lok Sabha , raised his voice and shouted in a inflamed manner -QUOTE If proper rehabilitation does not take place, you be ready for a third wave of radicalization among Muslim youth UNQUOTE.Above: Asaduddin Owaisi on the left, and his brother Akbaruddin Owaisi on the right.Nothing could be done as he used the safety net of a democratic Parliament to declare this.NDTV gives Asaduddin Owaisi space on prime time . Barkha Dutt gives space to Kashmiri secessionists on prime time too. I have NOT yet seen NDTV giving space to a Kashmiri Pundit.As if on cue 3 days later on 12th Aug 2012, more than 45,000 Muslims rioted near CST railway station in the heart of Mumbai. 45 policemen were grievously injured . Three media camera men were bashed up severely. Dozens of police vehicles, media vehicles were set on fire.The Amar Jawan memorial in the heart of Mumbai was destroyed . This memorial is for hundreds of Muslim Jawans too. Muslim goons with AK 47 were openly roaming around , taunting the police wielding lathis.Policewomen’s clothes were torn. . Little did they know that they were being filmed for identification and inclusion in a seditious desh drohi database.The Indian intelligence agencies after checking their hidden video cameras, soon found out as expected , that the main protagonists of the violence were the displaced off springs of the Razakers who shaved their beards off and ran away from Hyderabad to escape severe backlash retribution from Hindus after Nizam’s surrender at Hyderabad on 17th Sept 1948.The Mumbai riots were well orchestrated and executed and was not a spontaneous rush of blood affair over hurt sentiments.Representatives of Raza Academy ( organizer of the rally ) , All India Sunni Jamaitul Ulema, All India Sunni Ayema-e-Masajid, Jamaat-E- Razae Mustafa and 20 other Sunni Muslim groups said they felt "deeply ashamed" over the 12th Aug 2012 Mumbai riots and they condemned it.President of the Raza Academy Alhaj Mohammed Saeed Noori Sahab said the “miscreants” involved in the violence were not associated with the academy. “Our protest was peaceful,” he said.Asaduddin Owaisi is the President of the party, All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen since 2008.Firebrand Akbaruddin Owaisi is the younger brother of Asaduddin Owaisi. He is an MLA of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He too belongs to All India Majlis-e Ittihad al-Muslimin and is its floor leader in Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.In 2007, Akbaruddin threatened to carry out the fatwa to kill Salman Rushdie and behead Taslima Nasreen if they ever visited Hyderabad.In 2011, Akbaruddin said in the safety net of the assembly that he would have killed P V Narasimha Rao with his own hands had he not died.Then on 24 December 2012, at Adilabad he thundered to a cheering crowd, that the 250 million Muslims of India needed only 15 minutes ( if the police will stand aside ) to show one billion Hindus of India who is more powerful.Enough was enough .Akbaruddin was arrested on 8 January 2013, and was housed in the Adilabad district jail for 40 days before being released on bail on 16 February 2013. He is under trial and is accused of sedition, criminal conspiracy, spreading communal hatred, waging war against India and some other charges.Burhanuddin Owaisi is the editor of the local urdu daily "Etemad".Now , who is Akbaruddin and Asaduddin and Burhanuddin?They are sons of 6 time Lok Sabha MP from Hyderabad Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi, who died in Sept 2008.The United State Consul General in Hyderabad Cornelis M Keur and the Iranian Consul General were among the dignitaries who attended the funeral.Above: I guess the man in the middle needs NO introduction. His father YSR allegedly used state funds to convert Hindus to Christianity.Now who is Salahuddin Owaisi?Above: Abdul WHe is the son of Abdul Wahid Owaisi, who was handpicked by the founder of the Razakar merceneries Qasim Razvi .Qasim Razvi , the self appointed “Field Marshall” of the Razakars was allowed to go to Pakistan by PM Nehru after he completed his incarceration , for charges of master minding the Hindu ethnic cleansing.Qasim Razvi whose Razakars outnumbered the Nizam’s military has shown contempt and disobeyed the Nizam of Hyderabad, several times before Operation Polo started on 13th Sept 1948.After he came out of jail Qasim Razvi on 11th Sept 1957, chose the same date 18th Sept anniversary to leave for Pakistan. He was given 48 hours to leave India by Nehru. He held a press conference and declared that he has no future in India.Qasim Razvi summoned a meeting of the general body of the MIM party. Only about 39 of the 140 members responded to the invitation. Rest kept away as they did NOT want to be associated with this “Pakistani at heart ex-leader” who had grabbed leadership under suspicious cirumstances in the past.In the meeting Qasim Razvi invited leading members of the MIM Party to take up the Presidentship of the party. All were scared and no one came forward. Qasim Razvi was so disappointed that he declared that he was willing to offer the job to any male Muslim above the age of twelve, in sheer exasperation.Abdul Wahed Owaisi a young lawyer, was not even associated with the Majlis at that time and was just there out of curiosity. He was the youngest among those present at that meeting . Everyone present there said that they were too old for the job and wanted someone younger to take over.It was then Abdul Wahed Owaisi stepped forward and said he was willing to head the organisation.Immediately Nawab Mir Khader Ali Khan Abul-Ulai proposed Abdul Wahed Owaisi’s name and Qasim Razvi himself seconded it.This was how Abdul Wahid Owaisi , the grandfather of Asaduddin Owaisi , was chosen as the president of the MIM Party- the party of the Razakars.Abdul Wahid Owaisi was initially kept in solitary confinement in prison for 11 months for taking charge of a banned party MIM, before Nehru relented and offered him the post of Union Minister, which he refused.Abdul Wahid Owaisi, then framed the new constitution of MIM as per Indian law and renamed it as all India majlis-e-ittehadul muslimeen.He got the headquarters of MIM after a legal battle of 12 years from the Indian government, and during the last days of Abdul Wahed Owaisi , his son Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi took complete command of AIMIM in 1975 , and thus referred to as Salar E Millat ( The Commander of the Islamic community) .In 1960, during Salahuddin leadership AIMIM made its full-fledged entry in politics by capturing the Mallepally seat of Hyderabad Municipal Corporation by defeating M. M. Hashim of Indian National Congress.Qasim Razvi expected a tumultuous welcome in Pakistan and anticipated a meteoric rise to even take over the mantle from Mohammed Ali Jinnah, from whom he took instructions, to undermine the Nizam.Asked which side his Razakars would take if Pakistan and India had a war, Qasim Razvi had answered : “Wherever Muslim interests are affected, our interest and sympathy will go out. Even if Muslim interests are affected in hell, our heart will go out in sympathy “.Qasim Razvi was the macho Islamic hero who warned Sardar Patel that " if India invaded Hyderabad nothing but the bones and ashes of 10.5 million Hindus would be found ". Unfazed Sardar Patel had responded “If you threaten us with violence, swords will be met with swords"Above: Qasim Razvi .Poor guy received no reception in Pakistan, not even recognition.He set up his modest legal practice amongst the refugees from India in Karachi. One of my Pakistani officer’s lawyer father said he hardly made any money.Qasim Razvi , once more powerful than the Nizam , died at the age of sixty-seven on 15 January 1970, unwept in a land far distant from Hyderabad , which he had dreamt about making an independent Islamic kingdom.Qasim Razvi was initially the pet of the Nizam.The Nizam actually authourised Qasim Razvi, the then leader of the radical Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM) Party, to set up the mercenary force of the Razakers and gave him the funds. It takes a lot of money to pay 2 lakh merceneries which included Arabs, Rohillas, North Indian Muslims and Pathans.Above: Qasim Razvi with his ruthless Razakars , who would gouge out eyes , to terrorise Hindus.Every Razakar had to take pledge that he would lay down his life for the leader and the party and he would fight to the last to maintain the Muslim hegemony in the StateThe Nizams army was just 25% of the Razakar force and this army was commanded by Major General El Edroos, an Arab, who leaked information to Mountbatten..Above: The Nizam's Arab Commander in Chief -- a useless fellow.But then Qasim soon got drunk with power , after receiving support from Jinnah and he started to undermine the Nizam with the PM Mir Laik Ali support. Nizam could only wring his hands in frustration.Qasim Razvi exhorted his Razakars to remember that Muslims had conquered India by sword and that they were destined to rule. A young Muslim journalist, Shoebullah Khan was murdered by the Razakars because he wrote in favour of State’s integration with India.Muslims who did NOT like Pakistan also participated in large numbers in the struggle against the Nizam. "The famous and influential sufi from Gulbarga, Sajjad Darga Bande Nawaz, spoke against the Razakars.Nizam was afraid for his own life and was relieved when Operation Polo finally ended. Nizam, Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII, had 28 sons and 44 daughters and had got used to ze good life. There was no way he would have agreed to receive Nehru and Patel at the airport later .The Nizam told Patel face to face , “To err is human!” . To which Patel replied acidly “ Yes, it may be true but errors always have consequences”.Above: Nawab with Patel.Here is a transcript of the radio broadcast after surrender to India by Nizam. It was the Nizam's first ever visit to the radio station.The Nizam of Hyderabad, in his shocking radio speech on 23 September 1948, said " In November last [1947], a small group which had organized a quasi-military organization surrounded the homes of my Prime Minister, the Nawab of Chhatari, in whose wisdom I had complete confidence, and of Sir Walter Monkton, my constitutional Adviser, by duress compelled the Nawab and other trusted ministers to resign and forced the Laik Ali Ministry on me. This group headed by Qasim Razvi had no stake in the country or any record of service behind it. By methods reminiscent of Hitlerite Germany it took possession of the State, spread terror ... and rendered me completely helpless."Above: Nizam with Nehru after the surrender.Mir Laik Ali the last PM of Hyderabad was disloyal and contemptuous to the Nizam . He was appointed on 1st December 1947 due to manipulation by Qasim Razvi who started wearing a Field Marshall’s uniform.Mir was an engineer who had become an industrialist. At the time of his appointment, he was the Representative of Pakistan in the United Nations. He was loyal to Pakistan , NOT to Nizam. He knew nothing about governance and took orders from Qasim Razvi.Above : Mir Laik Ali, the PM imposed on the Nizam .Later Mir Laik Ali escaped to Pakistan from Indian captivity making Nehru red faced. This is a very juicy story. I will narrate it if this post does NOT get too long.On September 16, faced with imminent defeat, the Nizam summoned the Prime Minister Mir Laik Ali and demanded his resignation by the morning of the following day. The resignation was delivered along with the resignations of the entire cabinet.On the noon of September 17, a messenger brought a personal note from the Nizam to India’s Agent General to Hyderabad, K.M. Munshi summoning him to the Nizam’s office at 1600 hours. Till then the Nizam had royally ignored KK Munshi.At the meeting, the Nizam stated “The vultures have resigned. I don’t know what to do”.It clearly showed he was a powerless king in his own kingdom.Above: The Arab general with KM Munshi-- piece of cake, right?KM Munshi advised the Nizam to secure the safety of the citizens of Hyderabad by issuing appropriate orders to the Commander of the Hyderabad State Army, Major General El Edroos. This was immediately done.Above: Qasim Rizvi ( bearded ), the self appointed Field MarshallQasim Razvi took over as President of MIM on the sudden and untimely death of Bahadur Yar Jung. In 1944, Yar Jung was invited to a dinner at the house of Justice Hashim Ali Khan, a judge of the High Court . As usual he ran up the steps .Above :Bahadur Yar Jung.Then he sat down and, as he took a single pull at the hookah, and he collapsed . This man was a terrific athlete in his young age , and was in perfect health at the age of 39. The Nizam joined the mammoth funeral procession the next morning.Nizam gifted away coastal Andhra to French in 1752 under pressure. British East India Company acquired Andhra from the French in 1766, which became part of Madras province of the British Empire.However, Hyderabad (Golconda) remained part of various Muslim dynasties for 7 centuries uninterrupted: Delhi sultanate (1310-1336), independent Bahmani sultanate - a major Muslim dynasty that ruled central and south India (1345-1512), Turkman Qutub Shahi dynasty of Golconda kingdom (1512-1687), Mughal Dynasty of Delhi (1687- 1724) and Nizam dynasty of Hyderabad (1724-1948).As part of Nizam's grand design to counter the growing cultural and political awareness among Hindus (92% of the total population at the time) in the state, the Telugu names of districts, for example, Elagandala, Palamuru, Induru, and Metuku were changed to Karim Nagar, Mahaboob Nagar, Nizamabad, and Medak respectively, and towns like Manukota and Bhuvanagir were renamed as Mahaboobnagar and Bhongir respectively in 1905. Village names ending in padu were changed to pahad. At the same time a proclamation was issued making Hyderabad State an Islamic state.In 1911, Mir Osman Ali Khan succeeded to the dynasty. During his rule Islamization of Hyderabad State was intensified. With the encouragement of the Nizam government a blatant communal organization Majlis Ittehadul Muslimeen was formed. This organization along with "Anjuman Tabli Gulistan" inaugurated Tablig movement to convert Hindus to Islam. Islam was the state religion and the Hindu subjects of the Nizam had to pay higher taxes.Muhammad Ilyas, the founder of Tabligh Jamaat, went for a second pilgrimage to Mecca in 1926 and got his Jihadi inspiration. Even today this fanatic Mulsim organization Tabligh Jamaat also has a notable following among Pakistani professional cricketers Shahid Afridi, Mohammad Yousuf, Saqlain Mushtaq, Inzamam-ul-Haq, Mushtaq Ahmed, Saeed Anwar, Saleem Malik, Waqar Younis etc.The Hindu culture was openly ridiculed, e.g., during Milad-un-Nabi celebrations of 1937, Prof. Maulvi Nazarul Hassan Gilani openly admonished the Muslims for their failure to convert Hindus to Islam by saying, " I am pained to see the inertness amongst Muslims, when there exist still 22 million of ‘Dung Worshippers’ in this country (Hyderabad State)."Mohammed Ali Jinnah, father of Islamic State of Pakistan (Islamic Pure State), addressed the students of Osmania University as "my Muslim students," ignoring Hindu students. Is this the sign of a statesman?Akbaruddin Owaisi had gone one step ahead in 2012, ridiculing Hindu gods and Godesses in a vulgar and crude manner—and he would be goaded on by loud fanatic screams of “Naare-e-takbeer Allahu Akbar” after each and every taunt from the large Adilabad Muslim crowd . What he said does NOT merit mention in this post.AIMIM a political party , has their office on the premises of a college campus i.e.Deccan College of Engineering & Technology(DCET), Dar-ul-salaam, near Nampally railway station, Hyderabad. The Owaisi family has a stake in this college.The wealthy princely state of Hyderabad was a still 88% Hindu-majority state that was ruled by the Muslim Nizam in 1947.On August 15, 1947, the Hyderabad State Congress hoisted the Indian Union flag. The Nizam's police immediately reacted by arresting the leaders.Negotiations between the Nizam and the Indian government for integration of Hyderabad into the India Union like other princely states proved abortive. The Nizam did not initially agree to accession to the Indian Union and displayed a preference to remain independent with the support of Jinnah and the Portuguese.After the Indian government failed to persuade the Nizam to sign the Instrument of Accession, the Nizam finally entered into a "stand still agreement" with India on November 29, 1947 to maintain status quo and not accede to Pakistan instead.During this time, the Nizam procured military hardware from different parts of the world and funded the Razakars under Qasim Rizvi. Muslims migrating to Pakistan were encouraged to settle down in Hyderabad. They were to be settled in property and businesses owned by the Hindus who would be driven away by terror and rape. .Within two months of declaring Azad Hyderabad, the state's Muslim population rose by more than one lakh, all highly religiously charged Muslims, both men and women who became Razakars. Razakars had their ladies regiment too. .Immediate attempts were made to absorb these Muslim immigrants into jobs in various departments like irrigation, railway, electricity, public works etc. The state unit of the Indian National Congress was banned and its leaders forced to flee.Nizam desperately pressed all buttons to be an independent kingdom.India did NOT unleash Operation Polo till Mountbattten went back to England. Winston Churchill whose mother is rabble roused in the controlled newspapers and in British parliament (Attlee and labour was in power at the time) reminding them that Nizam was "an old and faithful ally of the Empire".Even after the lapse of two months, the Nizam dodged signing the accession instrument on one pretext or the other. In the meanwhile he sent his men all over the world seeking military and moral assistance for the independent Hyderabad State .During this period the Razakars intensified their ethnic cleansing by rape, loot and gruesome torture.An arms dealer named Frederick Sidney Cotton OBE was transporting arms by air from abroad. In early 1948 the Nizam even tried to get the United Nations and President Truman to intervene.Above: Arms air drop expert Sidney Cotton.The Nizam had advanced Rs 20 crore ( a fortune in those days ) as help to Pakistan and stationed a bomber plane squadron there. The then British Chief of Indian Army, Sir Rob Lockhart, had told Nehru that Pakistan would invade India, causing Nehru to go faint.Sir Walter Monckton, a propaganda expert had become legal adviser to the Nizam and was negotiating with India. Sir Walter Turner Monckton, 1st Viscount Monckton of Brenchley, GCVO, KCMG, MC, PC had great experience in doing propaganda during World War II and became Solicitor General in Winston Churchill's 1945 caretaker government, his influence was so great that he even drafted the statement of abdication, read out by the King Edward VIII on 11 December 1936.Above: Sir Walter Monckton.Edward did NOT abdicate out of love to a commoner. He was just shunted out as he told that he world NOT go to war with Germany as long as he was King of England. Moncton ran the propaganda department in Cairo during World War II and wrote a second abdication document, this time for Egypt's playboy King Farouk, after he had shown pro-German sympathies.Well well , what do you know of true history?On 1st February 1948, more than 100 armed Razakars raided the branch of State Bank of Hyderabad in a small town Umri, killed at least seven persons and decamped with more than 22 lakhs rupees in hard cash.This did NOT have the sanction of the Nizam. The Indian took steps to block all the supply routes to Hyderabad . Its effects started to be felt. There was shortage of petrol, diesel, kerosene, sugar, cigarettes, food-grains, medicines and innumerable other things. The Hyderabad government now manned entirely by the Ittehad people was not inspiring much confidence among the business community resulting in hoarding and black marketing.It was impossible for statesmen like Patel, Nehru, Rajaji and Munshi to negotiate with a rabble rousing bigot like Qasim Razvi. Finally, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the Indian Minister for Home Affairs, decided to undertake "police action" in Hyderabad State to force the Nizam's hand.On June 21, 1948, Mountbatten finally left for England, and Chakravarti Rajagopalachari took over as Governor-General. Right till his stay in India by June 21, 1948, Mountbatten was trying for special status for Hyderabad even while the Nizam was dreaming of keeping Hyderabad independent and even becoming a member of the UNO.After Mountbatten’s exit, when the Nizam still talked of further agreement, Patel publicly declared, “Agreement has gone to England.”The white Commander –in-chief of Indian armed forces , General Roy Bucher threatened to resign if the action against Nizam went ahead. Nehru nearly fainted, but Sardar Patel true to his image as an iron strongman told Bucher to go ahead and resign. A angry Bucher stormed out and coincidentally the next few days saw a rise in the tempo of the Kashmir infiltration operations.Above: Gen Roy BucherOn the 10th of September 1948, the Nizam sent Nawab Moin Nawaz Jung to the Security Council to represent Hyderabad's case before the United Nations. This was the last straw for Patel.C Rajagopalachari under influence of Lord Mounbatter , wanted to postpone it further as a gesture to Pakistan as Mohammed Ali Jinnah had died the previous night. But Patel flatly refused.Operation Polo was launched on 13th Sept 1948, and the Indian Army, led by Major General J. N. Chaudhuri, entered the state from five directions.They came unannounced , hidden in goods trains , as Razakars were lying in ambush to blow up the railway tracks.For all they sabre rattling and bravado the Razakars ran away in less than 100 hours, despite the land mines. They were bigots and highly charged with religious zeal. But that was NOT enough. The moment the Gurkha regiment took out their kukhris , they ran for their lives into nearby forests in the heavy rain.On 15th September, Qasim Razvi's home town Latur along with Osmanabad, Aurangabad and Jalna fell to Indian troops. In the after noon of fifth day, 17 September, Hyderabad 's resistance ended, when the Nizam ordered his troops to ceasefire. On 18th September, 1948, the news of Nizam's decision to surrender caused jubilation all over India and also among the people of Hyderabad.The Nizam surrendered on 18 September 1948 and Mir Laik Ali, the Prime Minister of the Nizam, and Razakar’s “Field Marshall” Qasim Rizvi were arrested. The Nizam's surrender, is dubbed as the meekest and most cowardly in history. It is called by the west as “happy war”.Nizam banned the Razakars and allowed Indian Union troops into Secunderabad and Bolurum. Credit for this must go to Sardar Patel who held his nerve despite the hostile attitude of Pakistan and tacit support of and Britain.While the Indian Army lost 19 men Hyderabad suffered much greater casualties in comparison. Over two thousand armed forces and Razakars were killed and thousands more injured.Amongst the captured defenders was a British mercenary who had been tasked with blowing up the bridge near Naldurg.The Military action named as Police action ended on 18 Sept 1948 when Arab Major General El edrus surrendered at Secunderabad to Bengali Major General J N Chaudhry of Indian armed forces . Contrary to Pakistani Muslim claims the Indian army exercised total restraint. All know how the last Hindu Kingdom of Vijayanagara was sacked with mindless looting and killing. ahid Owaisi on left and Salahuddin Owaisi on right.Nehru, on proclaiming Indian victory in Hyderabad, had announced that 'not a single communal incident' marred the triumph-but this is hard to believe as the Indian Communists who aligned with the Razakars before Operation Polo , turned coats and went of a Razakar killing frenzy .When BJP leader LK Advani spoke about this unholy alliance between strange bed fellows Razakars and the Communists recently , the CPM and CPI got terribly annoyed. An angry statement issued by the Communist Party of India in response to Advani's remark said: "When the CPI along with the Andhra Mahasabha organised people for liberating Hyderabad from the clutches of the Nizam, Mr. Advani and the RSS were nowhere near Hyderabad."Above: Nizam's main army.On September 23, 1948 the Nizam was forced to withdraw his complaint from the UN Security Council. The merger of Hyderabad into the Indian Union was announced. Major General Chaudhuri took over as military governor of Hyderabad and stayed in that position till the end of 1949. In January 1950, M. K. Vellodi, a senior civil servant was made the Chief Minister of the state and the Nizam was given the ceremonial position of "Raj Pramukh" or "Governor".The Razakars were disbanded after the merger of Hyderabad with India and the Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen was banned. Qasim Rizvi served a decade in Indian prisons before being allowed to go to Pakistan where he was granted asylum.Nizam escaped punishment under law and also became Rajpramukh ( Governor). He resigned after Hyderabad was converted into AP state after merging some areas in Maharashtra and Karnataka.Hyderabad state was never independent under Muslim rule.. They were rulers on behalf of Mughal emperors and subsequently were protectorates of the English Governor Generals of East India Company and then of British Crown. While Most of the Indian states fought against the East India company in the 1857 war of independence, Afzaluddaula the Nizam V remained loyal to the East India Company and was greatly rewarded.Soon after his accession to the throne in 1911, the Nizam was warned by the then Viceroy Lord Irwin that he was 'on trial' ( probation ) for two years and at the end of which a Court of Regency could be set up replacing him.Nizam had objected to his 'installation' on the throne by the British Resident in 1911 unacceptable. He claimed that he had come to the throne by divine right!! The British threatened to replace him if he persisted. He was installed on the throne by the British resident only.Fifteen years later, he disputed the right of The Paramount Power to interfere in the internal administration of his state. Lord Reading, the then Viceroy, rebuked him : “The sovereignty of the British Crown is supreme ... no ruler of Indian states can claim to negotiate with the British Government on equal footing.” he said. The Nizam was silenced.The Nizam – who traced his ancestry to Abu Bakar – the first Khalifa – was a indeed complex personality. Abu Bakr (Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafa)( 573 CE – 23 August 634 CE) was a senior companion (Sahabi) and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632–634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death.Gandhi already was assassinated on 30 Jan 1948 and had Gandhi lived probably Hyderabad would have been allowed to remain as an independent state in the heart of Hyderabad and it would have become a Darul Islam as dreamt by Aurangzeb. Hardly anybody knows today that not a single Russian bureaucrat signed the condolence book after Gandhi’s death. Nobel prize for peace eluded him both in life and death. Shows regard for this Mahatma ( sic!)In March 1952, the first popular general elections were held in the State and a Ministry under B. Ramakrishna Rao was formed. With the formation of the first popular ministry, the people of the Hyderabad State were also brought into the mainstream of India's national life.Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan withdrew completely from public life and choose to lead a quiet, secluded life with his family. He had wisely formed a number of trusts that took care of his family's needs.Above : Photo of Charminar in 1880.The last Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan, died in 1967 putting an end to a princely heritage of unimaginable wealth, exemplary public administration and a unique Deccani culture. The last of his (stolen from Hampi ) treasures were purchased by the Indian Government in 1995. Some of it is on display in museums in Hyderabad and the rest is still locked up safely in the vaults of the Reserve Bank of India.A legend about the first Nizam states that, on one of his hunting trips he was offered some kulcha (an Indian bread) by a Hindu saint and was asked to eat as many as he could. The Nizam could eat seven kulchas and the holy man then prophesied that seven generations of his family would rule the state.The Nizam's were conferred with the title of His Exalted Highness, and "Faithful Ally of the British Government" by the imperial-colonial British government for their collaborating rôle in the wars against Tipoo Sultan of Mysore, and the Sepoy’s mutiny of 1857. All the Muslims of India had declared war against the British in 1857.Today not a single princely state remains independent. They, all five hundred and sixty-five of them, were merged into the Republic under the masterful and rather persuasive supervision of Sardar Vallabhai Patel. Some of these states did not go down without a fight however. Travancore, Jodhpur and Indore signed up after protracted political wrangling. Conflict situation arose in both Junagadh and Kashmir. The later continues to have repercussions in modern Indian politics.Above: Nehru and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit on arrival Hyderbad after liberation.Qasim Razvi was born in a middle-class family of Latur (now in Maharashtra) on 31st May, 1900. He did his graduation in law from the Aligarh Muslim University. When Bahadur Yar Jung appealed to the Muslims for funds, he donated all his properties to Majlis.He even went to his own house and started throwing out the furniture to make it a paty office. Bahadur Yar Jung himself gave him the title of "Siddiq-e-Deccan" for this act. By donating whatever he owned, he emulated the first caliph of Islam Hazrath Abu Bakar Siddiq who donated everything for Islam.Primarily, the Hyderabad lobby comprising of Nawabs, Jagirdars, senior officials in Nizam's government and others were not happy with Qasim Razvi getting elected as the President of a powerful organization – Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen, after a suspicious death of the previous Presdient , and they all hated him inwardly. He fell apart with the Nizam when he could NOT be controlled or harnessed.According to Gen.Chowdhary, Qasim Razvi was staying at a relative's house. When the Indian Army officials went to arrest him, he threatened that he would commit suicide, unlike a uniformed Field Marshall.Both Nizam and Qasim Razvi failed to realise that they were not enjoying the support of the entire Muslim community. They were also unaware of of the military might of the Indian Union and their own strengths. The Arab commander-in-chief Al-Idroos covertly supported the Indian Union and ensured that the 'Operation Polo' succeeded.Qasim Razvi was an unimpressive frail chain smoking man, but his eyes flashed fire. Qasim Razvi was a terrific orator, but he had no control over words.His hate speeches pissed off the Hindu population. Probably this was what Akbaruddin Owaisi unconsciously adopted, that is if he knew the unique personality of Qasim Razvi.Power drunk Qasim Razi forced his own decisions on the poor Nizam i.e. who should be the President of the Executive Council of Hyderabad Government or who should be made the members of the Executive Council, etc. The Nizam’s knew for sure that his army and police were afraid of the Razakars , who outnumbered them and would NOT hesitate to hold their families hostage..He had indeed become a Frankenstein. Paranoid Nizam trusted no one and had a very effective espionage system – spying even on his own sons, cant blame him--he had so many of them. In the invader Muslim tradition sons killed their royal fathers , and fathers blinded their own sons in gory- nay macabre power games..Above: Mir Laik Ali and wife -- bribed their way out .Let me digress--How did PM Mir Laik Ali escaped from house arrest in 1950, after 18 months of captivity?It must be remembered that he was responsible for ethnic cleansing along with Qasim Ravi. He was appointed as PM on 1st December 1947.After the Police Action, in September 1948, he was put under house arrest at Begumpet , where Amruta Mall now stands. The police guards allowed Laik Ali’s family to visit him daily. The Muslim ladies , including his wife used to come by car in burqa. In course of time the security became lax ( by bribing ) .One day Mrs. Laik Ali suddenly announced that her husband is ill. From then on Laik Ali pretended to be ill,though he had no fever.His wife started making frantic trips to consult his physician and to bring medicines. This drama went on for a full two weeks, without anybody making inquiries about this important Pakistani detainee.Meanwhile it was announced that a marriage was about to be celebrated in the house of one of the relatives of Laik Ali. A lorry came and carried utensils and other things from the house.Dancers started coming daily and performing mujra dance. They were given tips on behalf of Laik Ali and often some sweets were also distributed. These dancers ( whores ) flirted with the guards and made them lower their guard.On the morning of 3rd March 1950 the maid called for the car saying that the Begum was ready to go the doctor. When the car pulled in under the portico, Laik Ali quietly walked in in a burqa. The unsuspecting guards were on the other side. Some pillows had been so arranged in his bed as to give the impression that the patient was lying under the sheet.Mrs. Laik Ali hid herself in the upper portion of the house. Laik Ali drove straight to his sister’s house. From there, he drove away to the house of Abdul Quvi I another car. The original car then returned to the house and the maid casually announced that her mistress had come back with medicines. Mrs. Laik Ali then emerged from her hiding place and went to her husband’s bedroom.She addressed the covered pillows and told them that the physician had changed the medicines. She then pretended to administer the medicine to the patient. All stage managed , with the female detective unpeturbed.A taxi with curtains was waiting at the residence of Abdul Quvi. Laik Ali and his sister’s son joined him and the threesome drove towards Gulbarga. A four-berth first class compartment had been booked in the train at Secunderabad with instructions that the passengers would board at Gulbarga. Though there were only 3 people in the compartment, the entire bogie was reserved.The train took them to Bombay early in the morning. After bath and breakfast, they left for the airport. Laik Ali flew in disquise under the name of Gulam Ahmed, all forged papers arranged by Pakistan secret services.Back in Hyderabad, for two days the charade was kept up. Mrs. Laik Ali kept on administering medicines to the pillows.Groups of Holi revellers came and were given tips on behalf of the ‘ailing’ ex-premier. On the next day, Mrs. Laik Ali made a number of neat bundles of currency notes-- a large amount. She gave them to her old trust Arab servant with instructions that they should be disbursed to the named servants on Sunday. She then drove to her brother’s house.From there she went to the airport in a purdah car to catch the flight o Bombay. Just short of the airport, the car broke down. The driver got down to pushes it. From behind came the car of the Inspector General of Police, Jetley. Noticing a purdah car stalled, the chivalrous police chief got down to give it a push!As Laik Ali boarded the flight to Karachi, his family took the ship ‘S.S.Sabarmati’ to Karachi. Laik Ali could not be extradited.When the Nizam went to the radio station to announce his surrender , there was no red carpet spread for him, no formalities were observed.No music, no anthem was played before or after the broadcast. The speech was in English. Nobody cared to translate it into the official language Urdu.As soon a Nizam announced his surrender to Operation Polo on the radio, that minute onwards there was a bloody genocide in the Andhra.The opportunist Communists had supported ( Britain ) in the 1942 Quit India movement. From 1942 to 1948 , the Communists supported the Crypto Jew Nizam of Hyderabad and the Razakars.They tuned coat and started killing landlords and their entire families. The local registry offices were burnt to destroy any vestige of land records. The communist leaders usurped the land.You can trace back these communist leader peasants who suddenly became rich landowners in 1948. Today they are all huge landowners, with NO class .Most of the Muslim landowners who survived escaped to Karanataka . This was just a repeat of what happened in Pakistan to the Hindu landowners.After the radio broadcast of surrender the Nizam drove back to King Kothi to brood and sulk. KM Munshi on his way to Bolarum found the streets full of excited crowds shouting fervent national slogans.Munshi was mobbed and had to address groups of people en route. They wanted to be re-assured by India's official representative that they were now again part of the great motherland--the most glorious and ancient civilization on the planet..That night the city changed a great deal. Many khaki uniforms were discarded, many beards shaved. The shouting, rampaging crowds of razakars melted away magically. The long oppressed citizens emerged from their cocoons.People of all ages came out in throngs waving the tricolour of India. Suddenly where there was fear and restraint, now there was life and laughter. There was a general release of tension and a new, quivering anticipation.The surrender ceremony was fixed at 4 p.m.General Choudhuri spoke gravely: “I have been ordered by Lt. General Maharaj Rajendresinhji, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Command to take the surrender of your army”.“You have it”.“You understand that this surrender is unconditional”.“Yes, I understand”.Gen Choudhuri smiled and shook hands with the Arab general Edroos. Then he opened his cigarette case and offered him a cigarette. Edroos pro ffered a lighter. Choudhuri's team joined them.The party drove to the residence of India's Agent General. A jubilant crowd cheered the victorious general there. He waved in return and then sat down to discuss the details with Munshi, Edroos and others.It was a astonishing sea of cheering humanity, heads, heads, heads, bare and covered. Men and women, ten deep, twenty deep, grinning children on shoulders, on heads of adults, young people perched on the railings, on tree-tops, even dangling on telephone poles.It was a riot of glad colours, dresses of all types in all the colours of rainbow, only deeper, like a field of flowers of different hues.And then tricolours, thousands of them, each hand holding one, even two, green, white and ochre, fluttering joyously.Flags made of cloth, and of paper quivered gaily in the gentle breeze. They reflected the joy of the hands holding them. There was clapping and wild cheering, shouting , giggling and some shrieking their happy heads off..Above: A singer who is an Indian first and then a Muslim.People threw marigold flowers at soldiers sitting on top of armoured cars and waving to crowds. Throngs of people shouting slogans, which could not be uttered under pain of death, till the previous day for centuries.‘Bharat Mata’ ...‘Ki Jai’RAZAKARS OF MIM , OPERATION POLO TO ANNEX HYDERABAD TO INDIAN UNION , 17TH SEPT 1948 – CAPT AJIT VADAKAYIL
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Why is it a big deal to have an "electronic signature" on my files?
In the world of digital signatures, it is the most important thing.
For an image, you do this by signing it with an image signature.
What is an image signature?
You can imagine your document as a digital signature, but it's made by signing an image with an image.
This method is used by the federal government when they print out documents and when they scan documents to keep them in digital form. In general, any digital information, from your passport to a document in the state DMV, is an image signature.
So, let's say that I have a document I scanned that says "The State of New York Department of Transportation" and I want people to know that it is an actual document that contains my name, my signature, and my image. How do I do this?
You can use an image signature on your scanned document.
If you don't have an image to use, you can use "Digital signature" to use the same image. You just need to sign off using your name, your signature, and the image on your document.
So, ho...
How to manually sign a pdf in libreoffice draw?
(this was my problem)
I did not find that answer on this page, but the answer is on page 7 of this doc:
How to manually sign pdf in libreoffice draw
In that answer you can find the following:
I did not find that answer on this page but I did find some answers in one of my previous posts where you can find the answer on how to get a pdf into a document (it was a pdf file and it was signed with your gpg key but I did not see how to get the pdf signed)
So, I found this page that answers the first question on page 10 of this doc:
How to manually sign a pdf in libreoffice draw
This page is also helpful to find the answer to the second question on pages 11-12:
How do I sign a pdf using my gpg key on LibreOffice Draw?
I do not know if those answers are helpful or not. In any case, I would appreciate any input to these answers.
Thanks
UPDATE:
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