Encrypt eSign Presentation Mac

I knew how computers worked down to the silicon. My bachelor's program taught us how transistors work. THen they taught us how those transistors are put together to form logic gates. They taught us how logic gates are used to do arithmetic operations. They taught us architecture of the 8080 microprocessor. They taught us von Nuemann architecture, and what goes on down to the level of the electron. They taught us how databases are designed and various data structures used in construction of a database. They taught us the TCP/IP stack down to the level of the protocols used at every level. They taught us how Operating systems are designed. They taught us how compilers convert programs to machine code. They taught us what the machine does with the machine code down to the signals being sent on each pin, and the state of each register  when a particular command is sent This was all before we wrote a single line of code. I expect any decent bachelor's degree in Computer Science would cover this. So, I expect that every programmer who has a Bachelor's in Engineering to have this kind of knowledge. Engineers are suppossed to know how things really work, dammit!HoweverA lot of things have changed in the 20 years since I was in college. Microprocessors are quite different now. For one we had single core microprocessors. Multi-core microprocessors weren't even in the radar. I have a general idea of how threading works, but not to the level of the silicon. I know enough to get things done. There was no Wi-Fi back then. I have no idea how Wi-Fi protocols work at the level of the wire. I could explain to you how LAN protocols work, but Wi-Fi is a black box to me. I have a general idea of what it does, though. Enough to get things done.I have forgotten a lot of things. For example, I couldn't tell you the exact design of a NAND gate out of the top of my head. I can look up the resources online and teach myself everything again pretty quickly. I can safely say that I know more than most people I work with. Most programmers purge this information out of their heads when they start working. I also try to analyze the same program in different ways, going down to the level of silicon. There are very few people who do this that I know of.

What is Digital Signature? And Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesA digital signature is basically a way to ensure that an electronic document (e-mail, spreadsheet, text file, etc.) is authentic. Authentic means that you know who created the document and you know that it has not been altered in any way since that person created it.Digital signatures rely on certain types of encryption to ensure authentication. Encryption is the process of taking all the data that one computer is sending to another and encoding it into a form that only the other computer will be able to decode. Authentication is the process of verifying that information is coming from a trusted source. These two processes work hand in hand for digital signatures.How do I get a Digital Signature?Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is a secure digital key that certifies the identity of the holder, issued by a signNowing Authority (CA). There are many companies provide Digital Signature , i.e.SIFYeMudhra(n)codeThese companies gives LRA to several companies that are basically known as LRA. You may directly apply online and purchase from your local authority.signNow - offers a 14 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $9.99 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for Mac, iOS, Windows, Android and Web-browser.signNow - offers a 14 day free trial and 2 types of pricing plans starting from $29 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 30 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 when paid monthly. The number of document sends included each month differs by plan type. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. All plans include fair user restrictions to sign documents and send them for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. Unlimited document sending is subject to fair use thresholds. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a free trial and 2 pricing plans starting from $16 per month when paid annually. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.Digital Signature for E-tenderingThere are three types of digital signature certificates depending on the validation of identity and type of use. They are:Class I DSC – Individuals get it for validating the email identification of the users and in situations where risk is minimal and here the signature is stored in software.Class II DSC – Business organizations or individuals use this digital signature certificate to validate the information given by the subscriber in the application against the information available in a trusted consumer database and in other such situations where security risk is moderate. In this case a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.Class III DSC – This digital certificate is directly issued by the signNowing authority and it is required that the person applying for DSC must be present at the signNowing authority’s premises and prove his/her identity in front of the authority and the security risk involved in this case is very high. In this case also a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.The Necessity of Digital Signature CertificatesFor e-filing of the income tax returns by any individual, the Government of India has made it mandatory to affix digital signatures to the income tax returns documents. For affixing the digital signature one must have digital signature certificates issued by licensed certification authority.In addition, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has set the mandatory guidelines for the companies directing them to file all reports, applications and forms using a digital signature only and this again requires a digital signature certificate.For GST also a company must verify its GST application by affixing a digital signature using digital signature certificate in order to get registered for GST.These days many Government procedures, filling different applications, amendments and forms require digital signatures made by using digital signature certificates.Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesSaves Money & Time: As there is no need of physical presence you can digitally sign your PDF files and other documents using DSC anywhere & anytime. You need not sign your paper documents and then scan them to send them across through internet if you follow the above given option. You can save the money which would otherwise be spent on printing and scanning the document. You can also go green by saving paper.Secured Data: The digitally signed documents are tamper proof as the digital signatures are secured with a private key and public key and they cannot be edited after digitally signing the document.Authentic: Digitally signed documents are authentic and the receiver can be completely sure about the sender’s identity and integrity. The receiver can easily execute the information in the document without worrying about the document being forged.Certificate (DSC) is essential for companies and organizations that take part or intend to take part in eTendering processes on various Government sites. If a organisation going to apply for any Government eTender needs to have a Class 3 Digital Signature Certificate registered in the name of a representative who is authorized to submit online offers for e-Tendering applications.How to apply digital signature ?We enable compliance with legal and regulatory requirements for end-to-end electronic transactions for any kind of E-Business.What Documents required for Class 3 Digital Signature ?Documents required for Class 3 Digital SignatureApplication Form (Duly Signed)Recent Passport Size Photograph (Pasted on the Application form and Signed across the Photo)Identity ProofPAN CARD * (Income Tax F Filing Portal requires PAN Encrypted DSC)PassportDriving LicensePhoto ID Issued by Central Or State GovernmentVoter IDAadhar CardApply for Digital SignatureAddress ProofPassportDriving LicenseLatest Utility Bills - Not Older than 3 Months (Telephone, Electricity, Water, Tax, LIC)Ration CardVoter IDBank Account Statement ( Not Older than 2 Months)Service Tax/ VAT registration CertificateProperty tax/ Municipal tax ReceiptProof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following)Certificate of IncorporationMemorandum of Association & Articles of associationRegistered Partnership deedValid Business licenses like VAT , Service Tax RegistrationLicense under shop and Establishment Act (For Proprietorship Concerns)PAN Card of the Company/FirmProof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following)Latest annual Report / BalancesheetLatest Income Tax ReturnsOrganization Bank Details on Banks Letter Head/ Latest Bank statement attested by BankAuthorization Letter in Favor of the applicationAll Documents to be Self Attested by the applicant & Attested by the Authorised Signatory of the Business with Stamp & Seal. For More information about Best Digital Signature company in kanpurDifferent software solutions exist for different platforms, hence I am going to give one (the most common one) for each one of them:Windows: Open the PDF in signNow and click the “Fill & Sign” button in the right pane.Mac: Open the PDF in Preview, click the Toolbox button, then click SigniPhone and iPad: Open the PDF attachment in Mail, then click “Markup and Reply” to sign.iPhone and Android: Download signNow Fill & Sign, open the PDF, and tap the Signature button.Chrome: Install the signNow extension, upload your PDF, and click the Signature button.And you are good to go!!

What is Digital Signature? And Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesA digital signature is basically a way to ensure that an electronic document (e-mail, spreadsheet, text file, etc.) is authentic. Authentic means that you know who created the document and you know that it has not been altered in any way since that person created it.Digital signatures rely on certain types of encryption to ensure authentication. Encryption is the process of taking all the data that one computer is sending to another and encoding it into a form that only the other computer will be able to decode. Authen...

Sometimes we really don’t understand what we mean under “best”, even this question doesn’t elaborate what the best service means? Which criteria the author believes the service fits the best? price?best design? Reliability?Let’s better talk about “suitable” for this moment and current needs.As the previous answers mentioned, do you need the service to be available on all major platforms or a signature that will stand up in court?Do you need a free simple solution, a feature-rich service that charges on the amount of signatures/documents signed or on monthly basis?Do you need to work with your documents on the go with low or no internet connection (while travelling, in the airport or plane)?And you can ask yourself with tons of such questions to create a matrix of features-service to choose the one you need. Or you can use 3rd party platforms like Alternativeto to initially select the provider you are interested in.When we conducted a closed beta testing for signNow recently, one of the goals was to understand the main criterias SMB owners from US use to choose a solution or switch to another one.We interviewed more than 230 businesses and what’s interesting, while the top factor goes to Security&data privacy, price or for example, digital signature availability is not in Top-3 of choices. Speed of an app/solution and multiplatform availability (works in web browser as well as on Mac, iPhone/iPad, Android and Windows devices) are what values higher.So, if there is a need to sign/send documents on Mac, iphone/ipad, android, windows and web browser and to work with documents offline, signNow is alternative to go with. We are still in beta, implementing some major requests from our beta users, but will be launching this September.And, signNow is free while in beta.

What is Digital Signature? And Benefits of Digital Signature Certificates [ http://www.idltechnologies.com/ ] A digital signature is basically a way to ensure that an electronic document (e-mail, spreadsheet, text file, etc.) is authentic. Authentic means that you know who created the document and you know that it has not been altered in any way since that person created it. Digital signatures rely on certain types of encryption to ensure authentication. Encryption is the process of taking all the data that one computer is sending to another and encoding it into a form that only the other computer will be able to decode. Authentication is the process of verifying that information is coming from a trusted source. These two processes work hand in hand for digital signatures. How do I get a Digital Signature? Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is a secure digital key that certifies the identity of the holder, issued by a signNowing Authority (CA). There are many companies provide Digital Signature , i.e. SIFY eMudhra (n)code These companies gives LRA to several companies that are basically known as LRA. You may directly apply online and purchase from your local authority. 1. signNow [ https://sign.keepsolid.com/ ] - offers a 14 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $9.99 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for Mac, iOS, Windows, Android and Web-browser. 2. signNow [ https://www.signNow.com/ ] - offers a 14 day free trial and 2 types of pricing plans starting from $29 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android. 3. signNow [ https://www.signNow.com/ ] - offers a 30 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 when paid monthly. The number of document sends included each month differs by plan type. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android. 4. signNow [ https://www.getsignNow.com/ ] - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. All plans include fair user restrictions to sign documents and send them for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android. 5. signNow [ https://signNow.com/ ] - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. Unlimited document sending is subject to fair use thresholds. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android. 6. signNow [ https://www.signNow.com/ ] - offers a free trial and 2 pricing plans starting from $16 per month when paid annually. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android. Digital Signature for E-tendering There are three types of digital signature certificates depending on the validation of identity and type of use. They are: Class I DSC – Individuals get it for validating the email identification of the users and in situations where risk is minimal and here the signature is stored in software. Class II DSC – Business organizations or individuals use this digital signature certificate to validate the information given by the subscriber in the application against the information available in a trusted consumer database and in other such situations where security risk is moderate. In this case a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature. Class III DSC – This digital certificate is directly issued by the signNowing authority and it is required that the person applying for DSC must be present at the signNowing authority’s premises and prove his/her identity in front of the authority and the security risk involved in this case is very high. In this case also a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature. The Necessity of Digital Signature Certificates For e-filing of the income tax returns by any individual, the Government of India has made it mandatory to affix digital signatures to the income tax returns documents. For affixing the digital signature one must have digital signature certificates issued by licensed certification authority. In addition, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has set the mandatory guidelines for the companies directing them to file all reports, applications and forms using a digital signature only and this again requires a digital signature certificate. For GST also a company must verify its GST application by affixing a digital signature using digital signature certificate in order to get registered for GST. These days many Government procedures, filling different applications, amendments and forms require digital signatures made by using digital signature certificates. Benefits of Digital Signature Certificates Saves Money & Time: As there is no need of physical presence you can digitally sign your PDF files and other documents using DSC anywhere & anytime. You need not sign your paper documents and then scan them to send them across through internet if you follow the above given option. You can save the money which would otherwise be spent on printing and scanning the document. You can also go green by saving paper. Secured Data: The digitally signed documents are tamper proof as the digital signatures are secured with a private key and public key and they cannot be edited after digitally signing the document. Authentic: Digitally signed documents are authentic and the receiver can be completely sure about the sender’s identity and integrity. The receiver can easily execute the information in the document without worrying about the document being forged. Certificate (DSC) is essential for companies and organizations that take part or intend to take part in eTendering processes on various Government sites. If a organisation going to apply for any Government eTender needs to have a Class 3 Digital Signature Certificate registered in the name of a representative who is authorized to submit online offers for e-Tendering applications. How to apply digital signature ? We enable compliance with legal and regulatory requirements for end-to-end electronic transactions for any kind of E-Business. What Documents required for Class 3 Digital Signature ? 1. Documents required for Class 3 Digital Signature 2. Application Form (Duly Signed) 3. Recent Passport Size Photograph (Pasted on the Application form and Signed across the Photo) 4. Identity Proof 5. PAN CARD * (Income Tax F Filing Portal requires PAN Encrypted DSC) 6. Passport 7. Driving License 8. Photo ID Issued by Central Or State Government 9. Voter ID 10. Aadhar Card 11. Apply for Digital Signature 12. Address Proof 13. Passport 14. Driving License 15. Latest Utility Bills - Not Older than 3 Months (Telephone, Electricity, Water, Tax, LIC) 16. Ration Card 17. Voter ID 18. Bank Account Statement ( Not Older than 2 Months) 19. Service Tax/ VAT registration Certificate 20. Property tax/ Municipal tax Receipt 21. Proof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following) 22. Certificate of Incorporation 23. Memorandum of Association & Articles of association 24. Registered Partnership deed 25. Valid Business licenses like VAT , Service Tax Registration 26. License under shop and Establishment Act (For Proprietorship Concerns) 27. PAN Card of the Company/Firm 28. Proof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following) 29. Latest annual Report / Balancesheet 30. Latest Income Tax Returns 31. Organization Bank Details on Banks Letter Head/ Latest Bank statement attested by Bank Authorization Letter in Favor of the application All Documents to be Self Attested by the applicant & Attested by the Authorised Signatory of the Business with Stamp & Seal. For More information about Best Digital Signature company in kanpur [ http://idltechnologies.com/ ] Different software solutions exist for different platforms, hence I am going to give one (the most common one) for each one of them: 1. Windows: Open the PDF in signNow and click the “Fill & Sign” button in the right pane. 2. Mac: Open the PDF in Preview, click the Toolbox button, then click Sign 3. iPhone and iPad: Open the PDF attachment in Mail, then click “Markup and Reply” to sign. 4. iPhone and Android: Download signNow Fill & Sign, open the PDF, and tap the Signature button. 5. Chrome: Install the signNow extension, upload your PDF, and click the Signature button. n short, “best” varies by your specific need - and there are dozens of comparison vectors. The 2 most important, IMHO, are do you need 1. A “standing order” doc that can be easily signed anytime by anyone, such as an injury waiver at a karate school / trampoline park / etc- that sort of thing. The signor is not pre-defined. For that, we (SwiftCloud [ https://swiftcloud.ai/ ]) may well be best, but there are dozens to compare, and important to consider is volume, HIPAA medical compliance, integration to marketing, etc. 2. Specific doc / signor - such as a real estate sales contract. The parties are pre-defined, and automation can be added to flow from group 1 (say, “the seller(s)”) to group 2 (seller’s agent, for example) to group 3 (the buyer(s) consecutively or concurrently. The #1 reason to use e-signature is to save time + integration on the data i.e. so marketing is 100% automated for example, and reducing time-to-close which results in higher sales pull-through rates. Don’t get me wrong, saving money on paper, printer, ink, printer jams, etc. is important - but that’s a money saver, not a money maker. Marketing and sales will actually create new revenue for you, so to not use electronic signature [ https://swiftcloud.ai/products/electronic-signature ] is for most businesses, downright neglectful. Granted, I’m a bit biased, but happy to do a formal study to prove it with real numbers, should anyone be so inclined. And you are good to go!!

What is Digital Signature? And Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesA digital signature is basically a way to ensure that an electronic document (e-mail, spreadsheet, text file, etc.) is authentic. Authentic means that you know who created the document and you know that it has not been altered in any way since that person created it.Digital signatures rely on certain types of encryption to ensure authentication. Encryption is the process of taking all the data that one computer is sending to another and encoding it into a form that only the other computer will be able to decode. Authentication is the process of verifying that information is coming from a trusted source. These two processes work hand in hand for digital signatures.How do I get a Digital Signature?Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is a secure digital key that certifies the identity of the holder, issued by a signNowing Authority (CA). There are many companies provide Digital Signature , i.e.SIFYeMudhra(n)codeThese companies gives LRA to several companies that are basically known as LRA. You may directly apply online and purchase from your local authority.signNow - offers a 14 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $9.99 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for Mac, iOS, Windows, Android and Web-browser.signNow - offers a 14 day free trial and 2 types of pricing plans starting from $29 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 30 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 when paid monthly. The number of document sends included each month differs by plan type. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. All plans include fair user restrictions to sign documents and send them for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. Unlimited document sending is subject to fair use thresholds. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a free trial and 2 pricing plans starting from $16 per month when paid annually. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.Digital Signature for E-tenderingThere are three types of digital signature certificates depending on the validation of identity and type of use. They are:Class I DSC – Individuals get it for validating the email identification of the users and in situations where risk is minimal and here the signature is stored in software.Class II DSC – Business organizations or individuals use this digital signature certificate to validate the information given by the subscriber in the application against the information available in a trusted consumer database and in other such situations where security risk is moderate. In this case a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.Class III DSC – This digital certificate is directly issued by the signNowing authority and it is required that the person applying for DSC must be present at the signNowing authority’s premises and prove his/her identity in front of the authority and the security risk involved in this case is very high. In this case also a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.The Necessity of Digital Signature CertificatesFor e-filing of the income tax returns by any individual, the Government of India has made it mandatory to affix digital signatures to the income tax returns documents. For affixing the digital signature one must have digital signature certificates issued by licensed certification authority.In addition, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has set the mandatory guidelines for the companies directing them to file all reports, applications and forms using a digital signature only and this again requires a digital signature certificate.For GST also a company must verify its GST application by affixing a digital signature using digital signature certificate in order to get registered for GST.These days many Government procedures, filling different applications, amendments and forms require digital signatures made by using digital signature certificates.Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesSaves Money & Time: As there is no need of physical presence you can digitally sign your PDF files and other documents using DSC anywhere & anytime. You need not sign your paper documents and then scan them to send them across through internet if you follow the above given option. You can save the money which would otherwise be spent on printing and scanning the document. You can also go green by saving paper.Secured Data: The digitally signed documents are tamper proof as the digital signatures are secured with a private key and public key and they cannot be edited after digitally signing the document.Authentic: Digitally signed documents are authentic and the receiver can be completely sure about the sender’s identity and integrity. The receiver can easily execute the information in the document without worrying about the document being forged.Certificate (DSC) is essential for companies and organizations that take part or intend to take part in eTendering processes on various Government sites. If a organisation going to apply for any Government eTender needs to have a Class 3 Digital Signature Certificate registered in the name of a representative who is authorized to submit online offers for e-Tendering applications.How to apply digital signature ?We enable compliance with legal and regulatory requirements for end-to-end electronic transactions for any kind of E-Business.What Documents required for Class 3 Digital Signature ?Documents required for Class 3 Digital SignatureApplication Form (Duly Signed)Recent Passport Size Photograph (Pasted on the Application form and Signed across the Photo)Identity ProofPAN CARD * (Income Tax F Filing Portal requires PAN Encrypted DSC)PassportDriving LicensePhoto ID Issued by Central Or State GovernmentVoter IDAadhar CardApply for Digital SignatureAddress ProofPassportDriving LicenseLatest Utility Bills - Not Older than 3 Months (Telephone, Electricity, Water, Tax, LIC)Ration CardVoter IDBank Account Statement ( Not Older than 2 Months)Service Tax/ VAT registration CertificateProperty tax/ Municipal tax ReceiptProof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following)Certificate of IncorporationMemorandum of Association & Articles of associationRegistered Partnership deedValid Business licenses like VAT , Service Tax RegistrationLicense under shop and Establishment Act (For Proprietorship Concerns)PAN Card of the Company/FirmProof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following)Latest annual Report / BalancesheetLatest Income Tax ReturnsOrganization Bank Details on Banks Letter Head/ Latest Bank statement attested by BankAuthorization Letter in Favor of the applicationAll Documents to be Self Attested by the applicant & Attested by the Authorised Signatory of the Business with Stamp & Seal. For More information about Best Digital Signature company in kanpurDifferent software solutions exist for different platforms, hence I am going to give one (the most common one) for each one of them:Windows: Open the PDF in signNow and click the “Fill & Sign” button in the right pane.Mac: Open the PDF in Preview, click the Toolbox button, then click SigniPhone and iPad: Open the PDF attachment in Mail, then click “Markup and Reply” to sign.iPhone and Android: Download signNow Fill & Sign, open the PDF, and tap the Signature button.Chrome: Install the signNow extension, upload your PDF, and click the Signature button.n short, “best” varies by your specific need - and there are dozens of comparison vectors. The 2 most important, IMHO, are do you needA “standing order” doc that can be easily signed anytime by anyone, such as an injury waiver at a karate school / trampoline park / etc- that sort of thing. The signor is not pre-defined. For that, we (SwiftCloud) may well be best, but there are dozens to compare, and important to consider is volume, HIPAA medical compliance, integration to marketing, etc.Specific doc / signor - such as a real estate sales contract. The parties are pre-defined, and automation can be added to flow from group 1 (say, “the seller(s)”) to group 2 (seller’s agent, for example) to group 3 (the buyer(s) consecutively or concurrently.The #1 reason to use e-signature is to save time + integration on the data i.e. so marketing is 100% automated for example, and reducing time-to-close which results in higher sales pull-through rates. Don’t get me wrong, saving money on paper, printer, ink, printer jams, etc. is important - but that’s a money saver, not a money maker. Marketing and sales will actually create new revenue for you, so to not use electronic signature is for most businesses, downright neglectful. Granted, I’m a bit biased, but happy to do a formal study to prove it with real numbers, should anyone be so inclined.And you are good to go!!

What is a Digital Signature Certificate?A digital signature is a mathematical scheme that validates the integrity or authenticity of a given digital document or digital message. Digital signature certificates are the electronic or digital equivalent of paper certificates. Digital signature certificates validate your digital signature and for affixing digital signatures to e-documents digital signature certificates are required. Generally certificates are used to prove the identity of a person for particular purpose like driving license or passport or pan card or others. Similarly digital signature certificates are used to prove the identity of the person digitally to avail information or services on the internet and to sign certain documents digitally.Check Here : Digital Signature Certificate PriceWhat are the types of Digital Signature Certificates?There are three types of digital signature certificates depending on the validation of identity and type of use. They are:Class I DSC – Individuals get it for validating the email identification of the users and in situations where risk is minimal and here the signature is stored in software.Class II DSC – Business organizations or individuals use this digital signature certificate to validate the information given by the subscriber in the application against the information available in a trusted consumer database and in other such situations where security risk is moderate. In this case a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.Class III DSC – This digital certificate is directly issued by the signNowing authority and it is required that the person applying for DSC must be present at the signNowing authority’s premises and prove his/her identity in front of the authority and the security risk involved in this case is very high. In this case also a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.How to get a Digital Signature?A licensed authority also called as Certification Authority (CA) that has been granted the license to issue digital signature certificates by the Government of India can issue digital signature certificate under the Information Technology Act 2000. You should pay a specified fee and submit certain documents for obtaining DSC from CA. The e-KYC documents will fetch your DSC on the same day from CA. The documents are:Self-attested PAN card as identity proof.Voter ID card or driving license or passport or latest utility bill as address proof.The Necessity of Digital Signature CertificatesFor e-filing of the income tax returns by any individual, the Government of India has made it mandatory to affix digital signatures to the income tax returns documents. For affixing the digital signature one must have digital signature certificates issued by licensed certification authority.In addition, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has set the mandatory guidelines for the companies directing them to file all reports, applications and forms using a digital signature only and this again requires a digital signature certificate.For GST also a company must verify its GST application by affixing a digital signature using digital signature certificate in order to get registered for GST.These days many Government procedures, filling different applications, amendments and forms require digital signatures made by using digital signature certificates.Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesSaves Money & Time: As there is no need of physical presence you can digitally sign your PDF files and other documents using DSC anywhere & anytime. You need not sign your paper documents and then scan them to send them across through internet if you follow the above given option. You can save the money which would otherwise be spent on printing and scanning the document. You can also go green by saving paper.Secured Data: The digitally signed documents are tamper proof as the digital signatures are secured with a private key and public key and they cannot be edited after digitally signing the document.Authentic: Digitally signed documents are authentic and the receiver can be completely sure about the sender’s identity and integrity. The receiver can easily execute the information in the document without worrying about the document being forged.What is the Validity of Digital Signature Certificates?The digital signature certificates in India issued by licensed signNowing authority approved by Ministry of Information & Technology are valid in India as per the ‘Information Technology Act 2000’. The DSC’s come with an explicit starting date & explicit expiration date. Usually the expiration time for standard digital signature certificates issued by CA will be from 1 year to 2 years. The digital signature certificates are managed by Certificate Revocation List (CRL) based on expiration date. An Indian national can have two DSC’s, one for his personal identification and another one for official identification.Check Here : Digital Signature Certificate Price

Last week's feature explaining why passwords are under assault like never before touched a nerve with many Ars readers, and with good reason. After all, passwords are the keys that secure Web-based bank accounts, sensitive e-mail services, and virtually every other facet of our online life. Lose control of the wrong password and it may only be a matter of time until the rest of our digital assets fall, too.Take, for example, the hundreds of millions of WiFi networks in use all over the world. If they're like the ones within range of my office, most of them are protected by the WiFi Protected Access or WiFi Protected Access 2 security protocols. In theory, these protections prevent hackers and other unauthorized people from accessing wireless networks or even viewing traffic sent over them, but only when end users choose strong passwords. I was curious how easy it would be to crack these passcodes using the advanced hardware menus and techniques that have become readily available over the past five years. What I found wasn't encouraging.First, the good news. WPA and WPA2 use an extremely robust password-storage regimen that signNowly slows the speed of automated cracking programs. By using the PBKDF2 key derivation function along with 4,096 iterations of SHA1 cryptographic hashing algorithm, attacks that took minutes to run against the recent LinkedIn and eHarmony password dumps of June would require days or even weeks or months to complete against the WiFi encryption scheme.What's more, WPA and WPA2 passwords require a minimum of eight characters, eliminating the possibility that users will pick shorter passphrases that could be brute forced in more manageable timeframes. WPA and WPA2 also use a network's SSID as salt, ensuring that hackers can't effectively use precomputed tables to crack the code.That's not to say wireless password cracks can't be accomplished with ease, as I learned firsthand.I started this project by setting up two networks with hopelessly insecure passphrases. The first step was capturing what is known as the four-way handshake, which is the cryptographic process a computer uses to validate itself to a wireless access point and vice versa. This handshake takes place behind a cryptographic veil that can't be pierced. But there's nothing stopping a hacker from capturing the packets that are transmitted during the process and then seeing if a given password will complete the transaction. With less than two hours practice, I was able to do just that and crack the dummy passwords "secretpassword" and "tobeornottobe" I had chosen to protect my test networks.can you spare a deauth frame?To capture a valid handshake, a targeted network must be monitored while an authorized device is validating itself to the access point. This requirement may sound like a steep hurdle, since people often stay connected to some wireless networks around the clock. It's easy to get around, however, by transmitting what's known as a deauth frame, which is a series of deauthorization packets an AP sends to client devices prior to it rebooting or shutting down. Devices that encounter a deauth frame will promptly rejoin an affected network.Using the Silica wireless hacking tool sold by penetration-testing software provider Immunity for $2,500 a year, I had no trouble capturing a handshake established between a Netgear WGR617 wireless router and my MacBook Pro. Indeed, using freely available programs like Aircrack-ng to send deauth frames and capture the handshake isn't difficult. The nice thing about Silica is that it allowed me to pull off the hack with a single click of my mouse. In less than 90 seconds I had possession of the handshakes for the two networks in a "pcap" (that's short for packet capture) file. My Mac never showed any sign it had lost connectivity with the access points.I then uploaded the pcap files to CloudCracker, a software-as-a-service website that charges $17 to check a WiFi password against about 604 million possible words. Within seconds both "secretpassword" and "tobeornottobe" were cracked. A special WPA mode built-in to the freely available oclHashcat Plus password cracker retrieved the passcodes with similar easeIt was the neighborly thing to doCracking such passcodes I had set up in advance to be guessed was great for demonstration purposes, but it didn't provide much satisfaction. What I really wanted to know was how much luck I'd have to crack a password that was actually being used to secure one of the networks in the vicinity of my office.So I got the permission of one of my office neighbors to crack his WiFi password. To his chagrin, it took CloudCracker just 89 minutes to crack the 10-character, all-numerical password he used, although because the passcode wasn't contained in the entry-level, 604 million-word list, I relied on a premium, 1.2 billion-word dictionary that costs $34 to use.My fourth hack target presented itself when another one of my neighbors was selling the above-mentioned Netgear router during a recent sidewalk sale. When I plugged it in, I discovered that he had left the eight-character WiFi password intact in the firmware. Remarkably, neither CloudCracker nor 12 hours of heavy-duty crunching by Hashcat were able to crack the passphrase. The secret: a lower-case letter, followed two numbers, followed by five more lower-case letters. There was no discernible pattern to this password. It didn't spell any word either forwards or backwards. I asked the neighbor where he came up with the password. He said it was chosen years ago using an automatic generation feature offered by EarthLink, his ISP at the time. The e-mail address is long gone, the neighbor told me, but the password lives on.No doubt, this neighbor should have changed his password long ago, but there is a lot to admire about his security hygiene nonetheless. By resisting the temptation to use a human-readable word, he evaded a fair amount of cutting-edge resources devoted to discovering his passcode. Since the code isn't likely to be included in any password cracking word lists, the only way to crack it would be to attempt every eight-character combination of letters and numbers. Such brute-force attacks are possible, but in the best of worlds they require at least six days to exhaust all the possibilities when using Amazon's EC2 cloud computing service. WPA's use of a highly iterated implementation of the PBKDF2 function makes such cracks even harder.Besides changing the password every six months or so and not using a 10-digit phone number, my neighbors could have taken another important step to improve their WiFi security. WPA allows for passwords with 63 characters in them, making it possible to append four or five randomly selected words—"applesmithtrashcancarradar" for instance—that are easy enough to repeat to guests who want to use your wireless network but are prohibitively hard to crack.Yes, the gains made by crackers over the past decade mean that passwords are under assault like never before. It's also true that it's trivial for hackers in your vicinity to capture the packets of the wireless access point that routes some of your most closely held secrets. But that doesn't mean you have to be a sitting duck. When done right, it's not hard to pick a passcode that will take weeks, months, or years to crack.With odds like that, crackers are likely to move onto easier targets, say one that relies on the quickly guessed "secretpassword" or a well-known Shakespearean quote for its security.