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Invite Electronic signature Word Safe. Explore one of the most user-warm and friendly experience with airSlate SignNow. Control your entire record handling and expressing process electronically. Range from handheld, pieces of paper-dependent and erroneous workflows to automated, digital and perfect. It is possible to generate, deliver and indication any paperwork on any device anyplace. Make sure that your airSlate SignNow business circumstances don't slip over the top.
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What are the laws - Data Protection, Data Transmission and Export and Data Encryption in India to operate a technology platform
The Information Technology Act, 2000 came into force on 17.10.2000 vide G.S.R No. 788(E) dated 17.10.2000 and for the first time, a legal definition of “Computer”, “Data”, “electronic record”, “Information” et al were provided. The said Act gave a legal recognition to the electronic records and digital signatures and in Chapter IX thereof provided for penalty and adjudication. Section 43 of the Act interalia provided that in case of unauthorised access, download or copying or damage to data etc, the person responsible shall be liable to pay damages by way of compensation not exceeding one crore rupees to the person affected.Apart from civil liability provided under Section 43, Chapter XI (Sections 63 to 78) of the Act of 2000 provided for criminal liability in cases of Tampering, Hacking, publishing or transmitting obscene material, misrepresentation etc. Apart from the same, Section 72 of the Act provided for penalty in case of bsignNow of confidentiality and privacy and laid that in case any person who has secured access to any electronic record, Data or information, discloses the same to any other person without obtaining the consent of the person concerned, he shall be punished with imprisonment upto two years or with fine upto Rupees one lakh or with both.However, the provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000 were not adequate and the need for more stringent data protection measures were felt, the Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008 was enacted which came into force on 27.10.2009. The said Amendment Act brought in the concepts like cyber security in the statute book and widened the scope of digital signatures by replacing the words “electronic signature”. The amendment act also provided for secure electronic signatures and enjoined the central government to prescribe security procedures and practices for securing electronic records and signatures (Sections 15-16) The amendment Act also removed the cap of Rupees One Crore as earlier provided under Section 43 for damage to computer and computer systems and for unauthorised downloading/ copying of data. The said Amendment Act also introduced Section 43A which provides for compensation to be paid in case a body corporate fails to protect the data. Section 46 of the Act prescribes that the person affected has to approach the adjudicating officer appointed under Section 46 of the Act in case the claim for injury or damage does not exceed Rupees Five crores and the civil court in case, the claim exceeds Rupees Five crores. The amendment act also brought/ introduced several new provisions which provide for offenses such as identity theft, receiving stolen computer resource/ device, cheating, violation of privacy, cyber terrorism, pornography (Section 66A-F & 67A-C). The amendment act also brought in provisions directing intermediaries to protect the data/information and penalty has been prescribed for disclosure of information of information in bsignNow of lawful contract (Section 72A)With the enactment of the Amendment Act of 2008, India for the first time got statutory provisions dealing with data protection. However, as the ingredients of “sensitive personal data and information” as well as the “reasonable security practices and procedures” were yet to be prescribed by the Central Government, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology vide Notification No. GSR 313 (E) dated 11th April 2011 made the Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information ) Rules, 2011 (the said rules). Rule 3 of the said rules defines personal sensitive data or information and provides that the same may include information relating to password, financial information such as bank account or credit card details, health condition, medical records etc. Rule 4 enjoins every body corporate which receives or deals with information to provide a privacy policy. Rule 5 prescribes that every body corporate shall obtain consent in writing from the provider of the sensitive information regarding purpose of usage before collection of such information and such body corporate will not collect such information unless it is collected for a lawful purpose connected with the function or activity of such body corporate and collection of such information or data is necessary and once such data is collected, it shall not be retained for a period longer than what is required. Rule 6 provides that disclosure of the information to any third party shall require prior permission from the provider unless such disclosure has been agreed to in the contract between the body corporate and the provider or where the disclosure is necessary for compliance of a legal obligation. The Body corporate has been barred to publish sensitive information and the third parties receiving such information have been barred to disclose it further. Rule 7 lays down that the body corporate may transfer such information to any other body corporate or person in India or outside, that ensure the same level of data protection and such transfer will be allowed only if it is necessary for performance of lawful contract between the body corporate and provider of information or where the provider has consented for data transfer. Rule 8 of the said rules further provide reasonable security practises and procedures and lays down that international standard IS/ISO/IEC 27001 on “Information Technology- Security Techniques- Information Security Management System- requirements “ would be one such standard.The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology further issued a press note dated 24th August 2011 and clarified that the said rules are applicable to the body corporate or any person located within India. The press note further provides that any body corporate providing services relating to collection or handling of sensitive personal data or information under contractual obligation with any other legal entity located within India or outside is not subject to requirements of Rules 5 &6 as mentioned hereinabove. A body corporate providing services to the provider of information under a contractual obligation directly with them however has to comply with Rules 5 &6. The said press note also clarifies that privacy policy mentioned in Rule 4 relates to the body corporate and is not with respect to any particular obligation under the contract. The press note at the end provides that the consent mentioned in Rule 5 includes consent given by any mode of electronic communication.Data Protection relates to issues relating to the collection, storage, accuracy and use of data provided by net users in the use of the World Wide Web. Visitors to any website want their privacy rights to be respected when they engage in e-Commerce. It is part of the confidence-creating role that successful e-Commerce businesses have to convey to the consumer. If industry doesn't make sure it's guarding the privacy of the data it collects, it will be the responsibility of the government and it's their obligation to enact legislation.Any transaction between two or more parties involves an exchange of essential information between the parties. Technological developments have enabled transactions by electronic means. Any such information/data collected by the parties should be used only for the specific purposes for which they were collected. The need arose, to create rights for those who have their data stored and create responsibilities for those who collect, store and process such data. The law relating to the creation of such rights and responsibilities may be referred to as ‘data protection’ law.The world’s first computer specific statute was enacted in the form of a Data Protection Act, in the German state of Hesse, in 1970.The misuse of records under the Nazi regime had raised concerns among the public about the use of computers to store and process large amounts of personal data.The Data Protection Act sought to heal such memories of misuse of information. A different rationale for the introduction of data protection legislation can be seen in the case of Sweden which introduced the first national statute in 1973.Here, data protection was seen as fitting naturally into a two hundred year old system of freedom of information with the concept of subject access (such a right allows an individual to find out what information is held about him) being identified as one of the most important aspects of the legislation.In 1995, the European Union adopted its Directive (95/46/EC) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (hereinafter, the Directive), establishing a detailed privacy regulatory structure. The Directive is specific on the requirements for the transfer of data. It sets down the principles regarding the transfer of data to third countries and states that personal data of EU nationals cannot be sent to countries that do not meet the EU “adequacy” standards with respect to privacy.In order to meet the EU “adequacy” standards, US developed a ‘Safe Harbour’ framework, according to which the US Department of Commerce would maintain a list of US companies that have self-certified to the safe harbor framework. An EU organization can ensure that it is sending information to a U.S. organization participating in the safe harbor by viewing the public list of safe harbor organizations posted on the official website.Data protection has emerged as an important reaction to the development of information technology. In India data protection is covered under the Information Technology Act, 2000 (hereinafter, the Act). The Act defines ‘data’ as, “‘data’ means a representation of information, knowledge, facts, concepts or instructions which are being prepared or have been prepared in a formalized manner, and is intended to be processed, is being processed or has been processed in a computer system or computer network, and may be in any form (including computer printouts magnetic or optical storage media, punched cards, punched tapes) or stored internally in the memory of the computer”. Protection of such data and privacy are covered under specific provisions in the Act. In the recent past, the need for data protection laws has been felt to cater to various needs. The following analyses the position of data protection law with respect to some of the needs.Data Protection Law In Respect of Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES)India started liberalizing its economy in the 1990’s and since then a huge upsurge in the IT business process outsourcing may be witnessed. Financial, educational, legal, marketing, healthcare, telecommunication, banking etc are only some of the services being outsourced into India. This upsurge of outsourcing of ITES into India in the recent past may be attributed to the large English-speaking unemployed populace, cheap labour, enterprising and hardworking nature of the people etc. Statistics have shown that the outsourcing industry is one of the biggest sources of employment. In a span of four years, the number of people working in call centers in the country supporting international industries has risen from 42,000 to 3,50,000. Exports were worth $5.2 billion in 2004-2005 and are expected to grow over 40% this fiscal year. US is currently the biggest investor in Indian ITES, taking advantage of cheap labour costs. Statistics indicate that software engineers with two-years experience in India are being paid about 1/5th of an equivalent US employee.Concerns about adequacy of lawBPO FraudsWith globalization and increasing BPO industry in India, protection of data warrants legislation. There are reasons for this. Every individual consumer of the BPO Industry would expect different levels of privacy from the employees who handle personal data. But there have been situations in the recent past where employees or systems have given away the personal information of customers to third parties without prior consent. So other countries providing BPO business to India expect the Indian government and BPO organizations to take measures for data protection. Countries with data protection law have guidelines that call for data protection law in the country with whom they are transacting.For instance, in, the European Union countries according to the latest guidelines, they will cease to part with data, which are considered the subject matter of protection to any third country unless such other country has a similar law on data protection. One of the essential features of any data protection law would be to prevent the flow of data to non-complying countries and such a provision when implemented may result in a loss of "Data Processing" business to some of the Indian companies.In the recent past, concerns have been raised both within the country as well as by customers abroad regarding the adequacy of data protection and privacy laws in the country. A few incidents have questioned the Indian data protection and privacy standards and have left the outsourcing industry embarrassed. In June 2005, ‘The Sun’ newspaper claimed that one of its journalists bought personal details including passwords, addresses and passport data from a Delhi IT worker for £4.25 each. Earlier BPO frauds in India include New York-based Citibank accounts being looted from a BPO in Pune and a call-center employee in Bangalore peddling credit card information to fraudsters who stole US$398,000 from British bank accounts.UK's Channel 4 TV station ran broadcast footage of a sting operation exposing middlemen hawking the financial data of 200,000 UK citizens. The documentary has prompted Britain's Information Commissioner's Office to examine the security of personal financial data at Indian call centers.In the absence of data protection laws, the kind of work that would be outsourced to India in the future would be limited. The effect of this can be very well seen in the health-care BPO business, which is estimated to be worth close to $45 billion. Lack of data protection laws have left Indian BPO outfits still stagnating in the lower end of the value chain, doing work like billing, insurance claims processing and of course transcription. Besides healthcare, players in the retail financial sector are also affected. Financial offshoring from banks is limited because of statutory compliance requirements and data privacy laws protecting sensitive financial information in accounts. In the Human Resource (HR) domain, there are many restrictions on sharing of personal information. In the medical domain, patient history needs to be protected. In credit card transactions, identity theft could be an issue and needs to be protected. Companies in the banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI) sector and healthcare have excluded applications/processes which use sensitive information from their portfolio for offshoring till they are comfortable about the data protection laws prevalent in the supplier country.Since there is lack of data protection laws in India, Indian BPO outfits are trying to deal with the issue by attempting to adhere to major US and European regulations. MNCs have to comply with foreign Regulations so that they don’t lose on their international partners. There are problems involved in this. Efforts by individual companies may not count for much if companies rule out India as a BPO destination in the first place in the absence of data protection law.Today, the largest portion of BPO work coming to India is low-end call centre and data processing work. If India has to exploit the full potential of the outsourcing opportunity, then we have to move up the value chain. Outsourced work in Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)-intensive areas such as clinical research, engineering design and legal research is the way ahead for Indian BPO companies. The move up the value chain cannot happen without stringent laws. Further, weak laws would act as deterrents for FDI, global business and the establishment of research and development parks in the pharmaceutical industry.Looking to the above scenario, we can say that for India to achieve heights in BPO industry stringent laws for data protection and intellectual property rights have to be made. . Thus, a law on data protection on India must address the following Constitutional issues on a "priority basis" before any statutory enactment procedure is set into motion:(1) Privacy rights of interested persons in real space and cyber space.(2) Mandates of freedom of information U/A 19 (1) (a).(3) Mandates of right to know of people at large U/A 21.Once the data protection rules are enforced in India, companies outsourcing to India are unlikely to dismantle the systems they have in place straightaway, and move data more freely to India. Hence ,the need for data protection laws would win over the confidence of international business partners; protect abuse of information; protection of privacy and personal rights of individuals would be ensured; there would be more FDI inflows, global business and the establishment of research and development parks in the pharmaceutical industry & impetus to the sector of e-Commerce at national and international levels would be provided.Data protection law in India (Present status):-Data Protection law in India is included in the Act under specific provisions. Both civil and criminal liabilities are imposed for violation of data protection.(1) Section 43 deals with penalties for damage to computer, computer system etc.(2) Section 65 deals with tampering with computer source documents.(3) Section 66 deals with hacking with computer system.(4) Section 72 deals with penalty for bsignNow of confidentiality and privacy. Call centers can be included in the definition of ‘intermediary’and a ‘network service provider’ and can be penalized under this section.These developments have put the Indian government under pressure to enact more stringent data protection laws in the country in order to protect the lucrative Indian outsourcing industry. In order to use IT as a tool for socio-economic development, employment generation and to consolidate India’s position as a major player in the IT sector,amendments to the IT Act, 2000 have been approved by the cabinet and are due to be tabled in the winter session of the Parliament.Proposed amendments:-The amendments relate to the following[22]:(i) Proposal at Sec. 43 (2) related to handling of sensitive personal data or information with reasonable security practices and procedures.(ii) Gradation of severity of computer related offences under Section 66, committed dishonestly or fraudulently and punishment thereof.(iii) Proposed additional Section 72 (2) for bsignNow of confidentiality with intent to cause injury to a subscriber.It is hoped that these amendments will strengthen the law to suffice the need.Data Protection Laws In Order To Invite ‘Data Controllers’.There has been a strong opinion that if India strengthens its data protection law, it can attract multi-national corporations to India. India can be home to such corporations than a mere supplier of services.In fact, there is an argument that the EU’s data protection law is sufficient to protect the privacy of its people and thus lack of strong protection under Indian law is not a hindrance to the outsourcing industry. To enumerate, consider a company established in EU (called the ‘data controller’) and the supplier of call center services (‘data processor’) in India. If the data processor makes any mistake in the processing of personal data or there are instances of data theft, then the data controller in the EU can be made liable for the consequences. The Indian data processor is not in control of personal data and can only process data under the instructions of the data controller. Thus if a person in EU wants to exercise rights of access and retrieve personal data, the data controller has to retrieve it from the data processor, irrespective of where the data processor is located. Thus a strong data protection law is needed not only to reinforce the image of the Indian outsourcing industry but also to invite multi-national corporations to establish their corporate offices here.Data Protection And TelemarketingIndia is faced with a new phenomenon-telemarketing. This is facilitated, to a large extent, by the widespread use of mobile telephones. Telemarketing executives, now said to be available for as low as US $70 per month, process information about individuals for direct marketing. This interrupts the peace of an individual and conduct of work. There is a violation of privacy caused by such calls who, on behalf of banks, mobile phone companies, financial institutions etc. offer various schemes. The right to privacy has been read into Article 21, Constitution of India, but this has not afforded enough protection. A PIL against several banks and mobile phone service providers is pending before the Supreme Court alleging inter alia that the right to privacy has been infringed.The EC Directive confers certain rights on the people and this includes the right to prevent processing for direct marketing. Thus, a data controller is required not to process information about individuals for direct marketing if an individual asks them not to. So individuals have the right to stop unwanted marketing offers. It would be highly beneficial that data protection law in India also includes such a right to prevent unsolicited marketing offers and protect the privacy of the people.Data Protection With Regard To Governance And PeopleThe Preamble to the Act specifies that, the IT Act 2000, inter alia, will facilitate electronic filing of documents with the Government agencies. It seeks to promote efficient delivery of Government services by means of reliable electronic records. Stringent data protection laws will thus help the Government to protect the interests of its people.Data protection law is necessary to provide protection to the privacy rights of people and to hold cyber criminals responsible for their wrongful acts. Data protection law is not about keeping personal information secret. It is about creating a trusted framework for collection, exchange and use of personal data in commercial and governmental contexts. It is to permit and facilitate the commercial and governmental use of personal data.The Data Security Council of India (DSCI) and Department of Information Technology(DIT) must also rejuvenate its efforts in this regard on the similar lines. However, the best solution can come from good legislative provisions along with suitable public and employee awareness. It is high time that we must pay attention to Data Security in India. Cyber Security in India is missing and the same requires rejuvenation. When even PMO's cyber security is compromised for many months we must at least now wake up. Data bsignNowes and cyber crimes in India cannot be reduced until we make strong cyber laws. We cannot do so by mere declaring a cat as a tiger. Cyber law of India must also be supported by sound cyber security and effective cyber forensics.Indian companies in the IT and BPO sectors handle and have access to all kinds of sensitive and personal data of individuals across the world, including their credit card details, financial information and even their medical history. These Companies store confidential data and information in electronic form and this could be vulnerable in the hands of their employees. It is often misused by unsurplous elements among them. There have been instances of security bsignNowes and data leakages in high profile Indian companies. The recent incidents of data thefts in the BPO industry have raised concerns about data privacy.There is no express legislation in India dealing with data protection. Although the Personal Data Protection Bill was introduced in Parliament in 2006, it is yet to see the light of day. The bill seems to proceed on the general framework of the European Union Data Privacy Directive, 1996. It follows a comprehensive model with the bill aiming to govern the collection, processing and distribution of personal data. It is important to note that the applicability of the bill is limited to ‘personal data’ as defined in Clause 2 of the bill.The bill applies both to government as well as private enterprises engaged in data functions. There is a provision for the appointment of, “Data Controllers”, who have general superintendence and adjudicatory jurisdiction over subjects covered by the bill. It also provides that penal sanctions may be imposed on offenders in addition to compensation for damages to victims.The stringency of data protection law, whether the prevailing law will suffice such needs, whether the proposed amendments are a welcome measure, whether India needs a separate legislation for data protection etc are questions which require an in-depth analysis of the prevailing circumstances and a comparative study with laws of other countries. There is no consensus among the experts regarding these issues. These issues are not in the purview of this write-up. But there can be no doubt about the importance of data protection law in the contemporary IT scenario and are not disputable.
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How do I register my company and logo in India?
Incorporating a company in India is slightly difficult than you may think. Its better you hire a CS, CA or a Lawyer to do it for you. Nonetheless, here is the process:(1) Obtain DIN (Director Identification Number) from Registrar of Companies, Ministry of Corporate Affairs of all the proposed Directors in your Company. (2) Obtain DSC (Digital Signature Certificate) from any of the authorities recognised by Registrar of Companies of all the Directors. (3) Apply in a prescribed format to the Registrar of Companies for the approval of name of your company. You need to provide a minimum of 5 options to the Registrar in this form.(4) Once you receive the name approval from the Registrar of Companies, you need to file the following documents with that office: (a) Memorandum of Association(b) Article of Association(c) Form 32 (Details of Directors)(d) Form 18 (Registered Office details)(e) Form 1 (Compliance with the Act) FEESThe official fees for which you will receive receipts (for a Company with an Authorised Capital of Rs 1 lakh) will be approximately Rs 11,000. Rest of it will be the fee of the working professional. On an average you're likely to spend Rs 5000 to Rs 10000 in addition to the official fee, so that the total price comes out to somewhere between Rs 16000 and Rs 21000.TIME FRAMEIf everything goes smoothly, you can register your Company within 20 to 30 days. However, if an objection is raised on an issue, it may take longer, as well. Good luck!Nitin
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Is the cryptocurrency Bitcoin a good idea?
Yes.Here’s the problem: most people who know a lot about Bitcoin can only speak “tech”.I was at a conference recently. I was the keynote speaker but had zero talk prepared (as usual). It was a crowdfunding conference so I “crowdsourced” my talk.I asked the audience: I can talk about entrepreneurship or I can take fifteen minutes to explain Bitcoin without using any technical jargon. Clap for which one you want.Almost 100% of the people wanted to learn about Bitcoin without the technical jargon.People are hungry for this. They don’t want to hear about “crypto” or “blockchain”. They just want to know what all this Bitcoin stuff is about.Back in 2013, I thought Bitcoin was a scam. I was wrong.First, some credentials.In early 2013 I had my doubts. I started reading everything I could. Then I got my hands dirty.I’ve been a coder / programmer since 1985. I decided to code up a Bitcoin only store (maybe the first ever) and sell my book, “Choose Yourself” on it before it was released on Amazon.It was very hard. I had to develop the store from scratch since there were no easy tools to help me. There still isn’t (hint: business opportunity).Once I launched it, quite a few people bought my book. I sold a PDF of my book for 0.1 Bitcoin. Bitcoin was then $60 so I sold it for about $6 per PDF. Right now, it’s as if I sold each PDF for $1600. I sold many copies.I went on CNBC when they heard I was doing this. The anchor asked me, “Did you just do this for publicity?”I said, “Well, I’m on national TV so I guess it worked.”Another thing worth noting: Most of my customers came from one domain name (they had to submit their email addresses for me to process the sale): Amazon.com. Make of that what you will.A few months ago I started writing about cryptocurrencies again. I saw so many people getting involved in scams, I wanted to help.The other day I had an Uber driver who thanked me during the car ride for helping him “get it”.And last night at a restaurant, the waiter at the end of the meal shook my hand and thanked me for helping him “finally” begin to understand what Bitcoin was about.In order for crypto currencies to succeed, people need to understand at a basic level what they are. Nobody needs to learn complicated cryptography or blockchain.Just understand why now. Why this is important for us a society.TWO CRITICAL REASONS BITCOIN IS HISTORICALLY IMPORTANT AND HERE TO STAYJust understand these two reasons. Then you will know the potential for Bitcoin. And you will be popular at cocktail parties.A) THE HISTORY OF MONEYEvery new style of money solves the major problems of the last style of money.BarterIf I have a bag of rice and I need shoes, what if you make shoes but you only need 1/2 bag of rice. Do I get 1/2 a pair of shoes?Barter has a lot of problems. In the above, coming up with the rice to shoes exchange rate is difficult.Then coming up with 1000s of exchange rates just to go out and buy groceries is almost impossible.PLUS, what if you have to move (your kingdom is attacked). How are you going to carry all that rice? All of those shoes?Money has two purposes:as a store of wealth / savingsto make transactionsThere’s a third, which Ray Dalio, the head of the largest hedge fund in the world, Brigewater, told me the other day. But we’ll get to that later.Barter is horrible as a store of wealth. And for transactions, best case it’s very difficult.But problems lead to opportunities. Which leads to…2. PRECIOUS METALS / COINSGold and silver are scarce. It’s hard to mine them.But it’s hard to forge them because you can measure by weight.So the scarcity combined with the lack of forgery makes them good choices for money. I can convert my rice into gold coins, you can convert your shoes into gold coins, and now we can trade and now we can buy whatever we want.(Marcus Aurelius on a gold coin)As a store of wealth, it’s not great but not horrible.If my kingdom is attacked and I have to move, gold and silver are easily stored and carried as designed jewelry.BUT, two problems.One: what if you live in a country that doesn’t have any gold mines. Now you either have to trade for gold or start attacking countries: (this did not work out so well for the Aztecs).Two: What if you wanted to buy a house right now: are you really going to bring a truck of gold bars to the closing? Or if you have to move to another country and you have a lifetime worth of savings: are you going to ship all of your gold bars to your new home?People say that gold is “real” as opposed to (later) paper money and cryptocurrencies.This is not really true. Gold is a rock. But it does have industrial uses (silver is better for this because of price but still…). Gold and silver are great electric conductors, can be used as SILVERware. Can be used as antibiotics (hence great for fillings on teeth).So we can say that gold money is “backed” by something that has real use with value associated with it.But we still have to solve the problems above.3) PAPER MONEY BACKED BY GOLD AND…PAPER MONEYCountries made paper money that was like a contract with the government that all of that money can be converted into gold.This was great for transactions (easy to carry paper money).This was great for store of wealth (put the money in a bank and you can go anywhere). The first banks for paper money backed by gold helped fund every war in Europe in the 1800s. Good job!When paper money is backed by gold it also puts a clamp on inflation. You only have as much paper money in a country as there is gold in that country.(yes, there is a 100,000 dollar bill in the US. Woodrow Wilson is on it).So you can trust the government to not go crazy printing money that is not backed by gold (like German in the 1920s when trillions of Marks were printed and Germany went into an inflationary death spiral that was at least one cause for World War II).BUT, why benefit the countries where gold is easy to mine and punish the countries where gold is hard to mine.Also, the world is expanding in every way: more people, more technology, more innovation, more THINGS.I’m not sure this is a good thing or a bad thing (see: Germany above) but sometimes countries need to balance debt with money printing to manage their fiscal policy.The US went off of gold in the early 70s in order to fund the financial needs of both the Vietnam War and the social improvement programs of Lyndon Johnson.This created inflation.Paper money will often lead to this situation. Someone will say: why do we need the gold part?Again, might be good or bad. There’s a lot of debate. Did money printing save the US in 2008 and 2009? Maybe. Or will their be future problems caused by this? Maybe.Nevertheless, there are other problems with paper money that need to be solved:a. No privacy.If I’m making a sizable (greater than $1000) transaction I’m usually not using cash but either a credit card or a money wire.So that means your bank knows. Other banks know (the bank you are sending money to, the Federal Reserve, the local Reserve bank, etc).Government agencies know (the IRS, the NSA, etc etc).Potentially sites like Google and Amazon know depending on what payment services you use and what you are buying.So you have no privacy on your transactions with paper money.b. Fees.If I send a friend in Korea money, I go through my bank (fee), local reserve bank (fee), Federal Reserve (fee), International wiring system (fee), their central bank (fee), their local reserve bank (fee), their local bank (fee).That’s a lot of fees. Those fees help create inflation because every transaction needs to have a profit on top of those fees.c. Forgery. Something like $200 billion in forged money is circulating right now.d. Human error. This is a CRITICAL problem. There are so many opportunities for human error. When you transfer money, they can send to the wrong account. Or a bank’s software can be hacked and you lose all of your money.Or, most importantly, the Federal Reserve in the US can decide to print another trillion (Like 2009) and, without your permission, the value of your dollar has gone down.In the US we’ve been lucky. But all of South America hasn’t been so lucky (all of their currencies crashed in the 80s. Most of Asia wasn’t so lucky in the 90s (their currencies wiped them out). Russia in 1997 was wiped out.Many countries have relied on humans to print (or not print) money and the slightest human error can wipe out an entire country’s economy.The United States has been lucky. For now. But this is a HUGE error we risk every day.These are the basic problems. There are more (theft, for instance).e. What is backing paper money?Only our trust. I don’t want to be a conspiracy theorist. But the reality is: a dollar is a piece of paper. Just like gold is just a rock.How do they make us trust that the money has value?They put “In God We Trust” on it. They put George Washington. They put the signature of the Secretary of Treasury (pretending it’s a contract.).And, for the weirdos, they even put a pyramid with an eye on it.And that’s supposed to be why we trust it. I don’t trust it.4) BITCOIN (and, btw, Bitcoin is not the end. There will be a “5”).Bitcoin solves the problems above.a. Human error: there is no printing of money. There is a fixed supply of 21,000,000 coins.How do I know this? I’m a skeptic. So I read the software behind Bitcoin. I read it over and over until I could figure it out. In one part of the code they clearly define how many coins can be “mined” / printed (printed is the wrong word but I’m using it here to make the connection with paper money). And there’s another part of the code which “enforces” the first part.(part of the code that limits the total # of bitcoins to 21,000,000. I found this by reading ALL of the code for bitcoin).b. Theft. Like with every other form of currency, an exchange (like a bank) that stores your Bitcoin can be hacked and money stolen.BUT, I only keep a small amount of money in an exchange. You can get a storage drive, store your money, and put it in a safety deposit box. So even if the exchange is attacked, you still have your money.ALL theft can be prevented this way with Bitcoin. You can’t do this with paper dollars because if you have too many dollars, how will you store it? Ditto for gold.c. Forgery. The software guarantees that Bitcoins can’t be forged.d. Privacy. I can send you a Bitcoin and nobody knows who is sending it, who is receiving it, and no government institutions are aware of it.e. Fees.Some bitcoin transactions have small fees. But it’s nothing like the fees of going through six banks in the transaction described above.What’s backing it?There’s about 1000 man-years of science backing Bitcoin.The underlying technology of Bitcoin which involves heavy amounts of cryptography, financial know-how, and basics of contract law, plus the “blockchain” have 100s of use-cases that we have only just begun to play with.EVEN IF Bitcoin is never used as a coin (although note: it’s being used every day as money) there are 100s or 1000s of other uses for Bitcoin that have nothing to do with the basic money use.I won’t get into the weeds here: but suffice to say that ALL of contract law can be (and will be) eventually replaced by Bitcoin.And ALL of logistics will be replaced by Bitcoin (e.g. UPS is replacing all of their internal logistics (tracking millions of packages every day going from millions of locations to millions of other locations) by Bitcoin technology.There’s nothing behind paper money or gold like this.Now…Bitcoin has problems also.Hence the need for other cryptocurrencies. But that’s ok and not the topic for here. Suffice to say, Bitcoin solves all the basic problems of paper money, which solves the problems of gold, which solves the problems of barter.HOWEVER, there is another reason why Bitcoin is here to stay and it’s so compelling.——EVOLUTION OF EVERY INDUSTRYEverything in life evolves. Not only species but ideas.Let’s look at some industries.MEDICINETheism: 500 years ago if you got sick, you’d either pray to a god to get better, go to a shaman, make a sacrifice, or assume you committed a sin that made you sick and would try to undo the sin.Humanism: Post-rennaissance, we had human “experts” called doctors who would either leech us to death, perform horrible surgeries that would kill us, or would pat us on the back, hammer our knee and say, “take two aspirin”.Doctors aren't bad. They’ve saved many many lives. But Humanism has it’s limits. A known fact is that, on average, the moment when a doctor is most effective is his or her first year out of medical school. After that, statistically downhill.Data-ism:Now when if you go to a doctor, you get tests. You get blood work, you get an MRI, an EEG, an X-Ray, the X-Ray might go into a database and an AI algorithm matches it against other X-rays (does it match a tumor X-ray or a non-tumor X-ray?). We even get genetic testing to see if our illness is in our chromosomes.Then, armed with data, often a computer will tell us the correct solution (and even a computer can do the robotic surgery needed), or a human will help interpret the data (but there’s room for human error here).(source: National Genome Research Institute)So Medicine has evolved fromTheism → Humanism → DataismLet’s pick another industry:WARTheism: 3000 years ago if two countries went to war, the kings would perform massive sacrifices to their gods the day before.In the Bible, whosever God was stronger (Baal versus Yahweh being a notable Hebrew battle), that group would win the war.Fragments of this exist right now: May the Force Be With You, said to Luke before he flies out to fight the Death Star.Humanism: For the past 500 years, whoever had the most humans on the ground, the most bullets, then the most planes, then the most bombs. ,would win the war.Data-ism:War is being fought every day now. EVERY SINGLE DAY. Every day, some country tries to bring down the electric grid of Poland.Every day, every Fortune 500 company is attacked by “bot armies” coming from…nobody knows.I’ve been involved in the cyber security space for 25 years or more.I once was talking to a company who helps Fortune 500 companies fight “bot armies”. All of the employees were top Phds who were the experts in their fields.One guy told me, “No matter how smart we are, they are smarter.”Who are “they?” The people making the bot armies. Where do they come from? We don’t know. They come from everywhere. They are just smarter than us.Elections are rigged. Companies are attacked. Information is stolen.We have been in World War III for at least 20 years and it will never end. Dataism has taken over war.Ok…MONEYTheism: “In God We Trust”Humanism: “George Washington”. A picture of Independence Hall. Or the White House. Anything. Anything at all so that we trust humans with what we are given in exchange for the hard labor we do every single day.Do we trust humans? I tend to trust humans. But that is maybe not so smart all of the time. Humans make a lot of mistakes and that’s been the downfall of so many companies, so many families, and so many…everything.Data-ism. Bitcoin and now other cryptocurrencies.1000s of man-years of science. 100,000s of lines of code that has been checked by 10,000s of the best programmers.Data-ism prevents forgery, keeps privacy, re-creates all contract law, avoids fees, avoids theft. And this is just a small sample of what data does for money.“In Data We Trust” for better or worse. But it works.The natural evolution of money has arrived. And it’s not only Bitcoin but other cryptocurrencies.FAQ:Why do we need other Cryptocurrencies?Why do we need more than one currency at all? Why is there a US dollar and a Canadian dollar.FOR NO REASON. Just an artificial border created in 1770 and we have two different currencies.Cryptocurrencies have what I call are “problem borders”.One coin is better than Bitcoin for making contracts (Ethereum).Another coin is better for privacy ((Zcash. A problem with Bitcoin is that although there are no names on a transaction, I can see the size and the time. So privacy is still a slight problem).Another coin might be better for solving a problem of decentralized storage (as opposed to storing all of your photos on one centralizes spot that can be hacked like Google Drive). Bitcoin doesn’t address this problem.Problem Borders create new currencies.Is it too late to invest in Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies?Right now, this reminds me of the Internet in 1995–6. There’s a bit of irrational exuberance in new coins. Prices are going crazy.There will be a massive pullback. BUT, the legitimate coins are here to stay and will keep going.Amazon, of course, pulled back, when the Internet pulled back. Now it will eventually be a trillion dollar company. Many companies that started in the 90s have survived and thrived and were great long-term investments that have paid off.Cryptocurrencies are the “internet of money”. The internet is here to stay and so is the internet of money.We are only in inning one of the cryptocurrency shift in our money.Will cryptocurrencies replace paper money?Yes. Eventually. It might not be Bitcoin although Bitcoin will always exist.But each country, to solve the problems of paper money, will eventually switch. Countries that are debating it include: Israel, Estonia, Venezuela, Argentina.Countries that will use some aspects of cryptocurrency technology in their central bank will soon include China, Korea, Russia, and yes, the United States.And many countries will reject cryptocurrencies but their population will shift en masse to cryptocurrencies in order to avoid corruption, human error, theft, etc. First on my list for this is Argentina.What will the value of cryptocurrencies be?When I first wrote about this, all cryptocurrencies added up was about $200 BILLION. Now it’s around $750 Billion. Although I do view many of the currencies as scams so the number is really less.That’s the “SUPPLY” of cryptocurrencies.The DEMAND is the amount of paper money + gold that exists.That number is $200 TRILLION.So in order to go from ONE TRILLION to 200 TRILLION that’s a 200x gain. In other words, $10,000 turns into $2,000,000.And if you focus on the legitimate currencies, the gains are much greater.So, again, we are very much in the beginning of this. There is no other investment opportunity in our lifetime greater than this. And we ARE at the beginning.What are the legitimate cryptocurrencies?There are many. I don’t want to get into the weeds here and discuss all the technology.And I also don’t like all the speculative trading that is going on in cryptocurrencies. Speculation leads to scams and bubbles.But just like there were Internet companies that survived the bust and became the companies we use every day, there are cryptocurrencies that exist now that we will use every day ten years from now.You said on CNBC that Bitcoin will go to a $1,000,000? Were you kidding?No.Bitcoin hit $20,000 recently. We just said it could go at least as much as 200x higher. That’s $4,000,000. So even at $1,000,000, Bitcoin will be a buy.How else can one make money in the Bitcoin sector?You don’t have to be a software developer.When the gold rush hit in the 1800s, Levis Jeans became the big winner. And the companies that sold “picks” and “shovels”.There will be many picks and shovels companies in the Bitcoin space.Sites that have the latest bitcoin news and analysis will do well. Exchanges will do well. Companies that help integrate traditional companies with the deeper parts of Bitcoin technology will do well (like whoever is helping UPS integrate blockchain tech into their logistics).Companies that help new cryptocurrencies launch will do well.And on and on.Someone said you called “Bitcoin is a Ponzi scheme” in early 2013. Why should we trust you now?First, I’m always a believer that the best investment is in yourself. This will provide greater than 200x returns.That said, I was wrong in early 2013.I’ve been a software guy for 25+ years. I’m able to do my research. Which I did.By May 2013 I had already done enough research to build my own bitcoin store, go on CNBC and discuss Bitcoin, and be an advocate when it was just $60. This is all public info.But, for me, focusing on my physical health, emotional health, creative health, and spiritual health, will always be the most valuable “Currency” I can develop and trade in.Could Bitcoin be just a fad?No.Paper money DOES have the problems described above. Someone has to solve those problems. Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies solve them.And every industry evolves. Cryptocurrencies are the “In Data We Trust” way in which money is evolving.And $750 BILLION believes in me on this.Who is Satoshi?Satoshi is the secretive founder of Bitcoin. He is worth many many billions in Bitcoin right now. He is anonymous and reporters, governments, etc have never figured out who he is.That said, a number of people know who he is. I read his blog every day, He is a secretive person and nobody wants to blow his cover.Well, what should I do now?Don’t listen to me.a. Get an account on Coinbase (or wherever). Buy $10 worth of Bitcoin just to taste and feel it.b. Then read. Read a lot.Here’s some books not about Bitcoin that are worth reading:Sapiens by Yuval HurariThe Evolution of Everything by Matt RidleyThe Ascent of Money by Niall Ferguson.Antifragile by Naseem TalebThere’s a lot of discussion of cryptocurrencies on Reddit and Twitter. DO NOT read those. Most of those discussions are filled with trolls although there are some decent sources there.Blogs / Sites: start with Coindesk and CoinTelegraph. You'll find the rest as you read more.
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What is it like to have ADD or ADHD?
Wow. So many awesome answers. I share much of what has already been described:* Brighter than almost everyone around me* Learn new things incredibly fast when engaged* See deeply into problems--develop an abstract understanding of a new area so much faster than others* Very, very good at anticipating problems and making a plan. Very, very bad at executing against it.* Terribly easily distracted, always starting and abandoning projects* Information junky LOVE to learn new things* Incredibly verbal and charming when I want to be. Witty and funny.* Viciously self-critical and sometimes viciously critical of others* Hate to wait, always late, procrastinate.* Finish people's sentences for them* Only care about getting the information I need. Please don't tell me why that task isn't done. I don't care. I asked a yes or no question: Is it done? * Being mistaken for a dick because my irritation over delay and distraction is mistaken for judgment about another's behavior or their output.* C student in high school, didn't graduate college. Sometimes spent more time helping others with their homework than doing my own.* Hated to attend lecture. The information came too slowly. Detested listening to others ask questions of the teacher. Why are they so stupid? This is a waste of my time. Learned on my own time in my own way.* Undisciplined about health. Don't take care of my health for years at a time. Then flip-flop to hyperfocused. Eat carefully, exercise every day, drop 40 pounds or more, then peter out and back to sloth.* No self-control around foods. Can't eat one cookie. The only way I can eat better is to not have the cookies around.* Tried drugs as a teenager but didn't like them. I literally didn't get what others thought was exciting about being drunk or stoned. Would 100X rather waste time reading a fascinating history book or playing a strategy game than feel impaired.* TV calms me if it is engaging. Enrages me when it isn't. Commercials usually make me want to tear my eyes out. Poorly written comedy makes me want to kill somebody. I can more-or-less only watch PBS and cable TV because the programs are commercial free. Documentaries are the BOMB. Who knew earth worms were so fascinating? And I feel so much calmer while I watch...* Radio calms me if it is engaging, Enrages me when it isn't. The increased volume of radio commercials and makes me want to firebomb car dealers and other radio advertisers. I am engaged only when I get a constant stream of just the right music or engaging information from people I respect. I can pretty much only listen to PBS and internet radio today.* Movies often bore me, unless they hit the right psychological note. Can't stand to watch shoot-em-ups, blow-em-ups, superpower-them-ups, hack-em-ups. Have to watch movies that show me nuance and psychological realities. When I do have to watch silly movies with my children, have to analyze the symbolism to death. * Always felt different. Always knew there was something wrong with me. Always felt lonely. Couldn't put my finger on the problem with me.* Couldn't achieve my potential. Couldn't even come close.* Verbally Impulsive. Have great trouble concealing a negative emotional reaction.* Will freely express a negative opinion of an idea. Can't understand why that would bother the other person. After all, I was only trying to help improve the idea... * Am not strongly attached to my own ideas. They come and go fast anyways. If you shoot it down, I'll go back to the drawing board and comeback with another.* Consistently underestimate the time I need to complete tasks.The only real thing I can add to what others have written is the depression and self-doubt. If you allow it to get to you, it can be so demoralizing to lose your wallet, phone or keys every morning. To once again leave the house without remembering that form you were supposed to return to the kids school. It sucks to constantly feel you are disappointing others. It sucks to feel you don't know how to love other people because your attention wanders the moment their needs don't require your focused attention. It sucks to know you set a bad example for your children. It sucks to know in the moment you are becoming obsessed over something inconsequential and have pursued it far beyond the point of behaving productively. It sucks to feel that you are self-centered because your need to have your anxiety reassured is so important you often can't suspend it when you should.ADD is the best of times and the worst of times. Sometimes I feel so powerful because it is so easy to put that blowhard in his place by pointing out the myriad flaws in his argument. Sometimes I feel so self-confident because I don't give a fuck what people think of me so I can say what I want. Sometimes I feel so awesome because I can do things with my brain others find incredible. Sometimes I feel hopeless because I can't get up off the couch to do the simple things that must get done today.
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