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you finally set up a brokerage account and now you're ready to start trading the only problem is you have no idea which stock to choose what's considered a good stock or a bad stock don't worry i'm going to show you my way of researching a stock prior to spending your hard earned money my name is jalen i'm not a financial advisor and the information that i am providing in this video is strictly for educational purposes only so go ahead and grab a pen and paper because i'm going to show you how to determine if the stock is worth your money so let's go lately a lot of people have been asking me for my opinion regarding stocks that they've either purchased or were looking into purchasing i always respond by asking what are you or were you interested in that stock and 90 of the time they respond by saying well the price was cheap me and my friend use those products a lot so i want to buy it or my favorite one my mama's cousins boyfriends baby sister's husband's nephew is into stocks and he said i should buy it before buying a stock you have to research it or else it's just straight speculation that means you're just going off of hope you're basically gambling buying a stock without researching at first it's like buying a used car without test driving at first i mean the price might look mighty nice but that price is going to hit different once you find out it's worth a lot less due to a previous accident most investors do what they call a fundamental analysis before purchasing a stock a fundamental analysis isn't as intimidating as it sounds it's a way for you to determine whether the stock's current value reflects its true value the price you see on tv or the internet is somewhat like a facade the current price is a combination of the true value along with rumors media height politics seasonal business cycles disappointing earnings bad news good news and unexpected events like the coronavirus as an investor or a trader you should conduct a fundamental analysis to look past all of the distractions and focus on the real value of the stock a fundamental analysis consists of looking at the company's finances the experience of their leadership team how the company generates revenue and if the company have any competition investors use all of these factors along with others to evaluate and to determine if the stock is worth to buy or if it's time to sell the textbook way to complete a fundamental analysis is to review the company's annual report known as the company's 10k the 10k is an annual form that every public company has to file annually and i can't lie it's a very complex report but it gives you a full explanation about the company i will not cover how to review an annual report on this video but i will at a later date personally i do a quick fundamental analysis using yahoo finance for this lesson i'm going to use american airline as an example his ticker symbol is a a l so first go to www.finance.yahoo.com and enter american airlines ticket symbol in the search box on the top you will see a page showing all the information pertaining to american airlines you can see there are a few sections which include summary chart conversations statistics historical data profile financials analysis options holders and sustainability you should be in a summary tab right now let's just say that you've never heard of american airline and you have no idea what it is or how it makes money so you need some basic information about the company right well click on the profile tab on top of the chart and you'll see some basic information about the company information like what sector is in the type of industry it's in how many full-time employees it has and the names of the key executives along with their salary scroll down a little bit and you'll see the description of the company as well if you need more detailed information you can always google or like i mentioned earlier the answer will definitely be in the company's 10k their annual report now click on the summary tab i always look at the 52-week range this tells me the lowest price and the highest price that the stock has been within the last year it tells me that the lowest that this stock has been within the last year was 10.01 and the highest was 35.24 then i look at the days range to view the prices that it fluctuated during the last market day the stock fluctuated between 13.91 and 15.21 although the price is really close to its 52-week low i have to take into consideration the recent outbreak of the corona virus which hit the economy really hard then i look at the volume the volume tells you the emotional excitement in a stock essentially is telling you how many people traded or sold that stock during that day as a general rule of thumb you do not want to mess with any stock with less than a million in average for volume quite honestly an average volume above 20 million is more ideal investors trade american airline and an average volume of 27 million 547 456 per day then i'm looking at the market cap which is short for market capitalization it's a total size of the company in the stock market and it represents how many people own shares of that stock next the p e ratio stands for price to earnings ratio it's an extremely useful tool to determine the true value of a stock and i'll cover that later in the video next we have the dividend and the yield percentage this tells us how much dividends you will receive per share the yield tells me the percentage of a company's share price that the dividend will turn out to be then i scroll down and read the current news about the company within the same section i reviewed the earnings chart to see if they met their previous earnings goal now remember companies release an earnings report every three months and it's like a summarized report card they tell you if they met their financial goal and their guidance for the next three months as you can see american airlines met all their quarterly goals during the last fiscal year you can also view the downgrades and upgrades given by financial analysts from various financial institutions now let's click on the chart tab charts provide a lot of information about the stock in the eyes of a trader a chart tells you a unique story it tells you when the majority of the traders were optimistic that's when it's going up or pessimistic scared that's when it's going down right on the top of the actual chart you see that the chart can range from one day all the way to the max which would go all the way back to the day it went public in the stock market while looking at the chart click on the five year tab and let's take a look at the historical trend is it going up were there any massive dips or was it pretty much stagnant as you can see american airlines stock has been all over the place with no kind of consistency and there was a slow downward trend since january of 2018 and then it dropped significantly this past february due to the coronavirus now click on the one year chart to see the trend for the past year ask yourself the same questions if you see any significant movement document the time that it either dipped or spiked so that you can find a reason why on the internet or by the company's old annual report for example in this one year chart i was curious to know what caused the stock to go down on july 25th i researched on google and found out that american airlines released their earnings report on january 25th before the market opened although they had a great earnings report and a positive outlook on the following three months there was a huge uncertainty among investors regarding the grounding of boeing's 737 max fleet due to a few crashes that occurred with that model aircraft turns out that actually put a dent on the entire airline industry during that time moving forward now click on the six months and then the one month and do the same exact thing for both after viewing each chart you should have a pretty good view on the historical trend of that stock in regards to american airlines it's been a choppy flow within the last five years it's been on a downward trend since january of 2018. now click on the statistics tab let's take a closer look at each subsection and let's cover what the numbers actually mean the valuation measures section this subsection is one of the most important if not the most important section to look at the numbers you see here can help you decide on how much the stock is really worth based on how well the company does in this business so allow me to show you the ones i pay attention to market cap intraday market capitalization measures the total value of a company by looking at the total value of all of its outstanding shares outstanding shares meaning the amount of the company stock that's currently held by investors like you and i so why is this information important write this down companies are normally divided into three categories according to market cap large cap mid-sized cap and small cap you'll hear these turns often when trading large cap companies usually have a market cap of 10 billion and up mid cap companies usually have a market cap of 2 billion to 10 billion and small cap companies have a market cap of less than two billion dollars understanding which market cap the company falls under will help you to compare companies effectively and once you get serious you can better diversify your account the market cap for american airlines is currently 6.6 billion dollars which marks it as a mid cap compared to the competitor delta airlines which has a market cap of 20 billion dollars number two enterprise value enterprise value is the amount that a person or company would have to pay if they wanted to buy american airline if it was for sale this sale would also include the company's debt basically the enterprise value is the market cap along with the company's debt for american airlines this number is 36.2 billion so why do you need to know this write this down a company with more cash than debt will have an enterprise value less than its market capitalization a company with more debt than cash will have an enterprise value greater than its market capitalization so what does that say about american airlines total debt equity the debt equity ratio measures the company's financial leverage how much a company uses debt to pay for operations write this down when debt is the primary way a company finances this business is considered highly leveraged if it's highly leveraged the debt to equity ratio tends to be higher why is this important because this indicates the stability of the company and its ability to raise additional capital to grow a very high number suggest high risk and meeting financial obligations and higher risk to shareholders it pretty much means that the business might not be able to produce enough money to repay its debt if a debt to equity ratio is lower like closer to zero this often means that the business hasn't relied on borrowing to finance operations this isn't necessarily a good thing from our point of view as traders we'd be hesitant to invest in a company with a very very low ratio because the business isn't realizing the potential profit can make by borrowing and increasing operations here's a rule of thumb that i go by the debt to equity ratio should not be above 2 or 2.0 or 200 unless the company is a capital intensive industry like the financial and manufacturing industry that have higher ratios which is normally greater than two a good debt to equity ratio is around 1 to 1.5 but keep in mind that the debt to equity ratio will vary across industries because different types of businesses require different levels of debt and capital hopefully i didn't confuse you the debt equity ratio for american airlines says not applicable in yahoo finance which is a red flag to me so i googled american airlines current debt to equity ratio and found out that surprisingly it's negative 283 a negative debt to equity ratio occurs when the company's debt are greater than the return on investment the company has a negative net worth companies with a negative debt to equity ratio may be seen as risky to investors because this debt is seen as a sign of financial instability levered free cash flow this number tells us how much cash the company has left after paying all its financial obligations generally speaking a positive leverage free cash flow is a good sign especially during tough times like the one we're currently experiencing however a negative free cash flow could mean that the company has made large capital investments especially new companies in regard to american airlines their levered free cash flow is 17.74 million p e ratio let's go back to the summary tab and take a look at the p e ratio p e stands for price earning ratio i use it to determine if the stock is overvalued or undervalued earlier i mentioned that the stock price that you see on the internet or on news is somewhat of a facade that incorporates public sentiments along with good bad and unexpected news the p e ratio is the share price divided by the annual earnings per share but don't worry although it's good to know you can simply google a company's pe ratio or just pull it from yahoo finance if you want to learn how to calculate the p e ratio the information can be found on investopedia the p e ratio is used to compare evaluation between two or more companies within the same industry or sector to determine which one is the best value for your money a lot of people will make the mistake of comparing p e ratios between different sector or industries write this down a high p e ratio means that investors have a high expectation about future growth while a low p e ratio means that they have low expectations about future growth a low p e ratio can also mean that it's a bargain buy the p e ratio will not work on a company that's losing money they will have a negative p e ratio or no e ratio at all a negative p e ratio is a really bad sign a red flag if you do not remember anything else from this video this is the one thing you can use to make a better decision about purchasing the stock so from what we researched is american airline a good investment well here's what i gather by american airline during this lesson after viewing the charts american airline has been on a continuous down slope since january of 2018. i compare the p e ratio of american airline to delta united continental holdings southwest airlines and jet blue airways and american airline has the second lowest p e ratio this could mean that it's better value however i think investors have a low expectation for the stock to grow delivered free cash flow is in the negative the debt to equity ratio is negative which indicates that the company may not be able to pay his debts so in conclusion in my humble opinion american airlines would be a risky investment members do you have a particular way to research the slots before buying them if so i'd love to hear your method please comment below