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Music you get a good cold day like this you don't the decay rate is not very rapid it's slow to slow down on a day like this if you were here in the summer it would be going great guns I'm the person that found in what's called the body farm which is a research facility that we use to find out the length of time since then or the changes that occur in a body and how long does it take and there are multiple variables a major factor being temperature so you came faster the summer do you do to winter and you have all the others at clothing no clothing and this facility is set up to unique in all those variables I came here in June the first of 1971 near the medical examiner the medical examiner asked if I would serve as a forensic anthropologist for the medical examiner system and I said yes and it wasn't long before bodies started coming in and about half of the first ten cases I got or maggot covered bodies and the police don't ask you who is that they ask you how long have they been there and I think the reason for that and the criminal justice system they're trained the sooner you get on the chase the more likely they are to solve the crime you know I didn't know anything about maggots and I looked in the literature and it really wasn't much there and so I thought you know we better do some research on this because I want to know what I'm talking about I want to talk to police so I went to the Dean in the fall of 71 in November of 71 I went to the United Deena I need some land to put dead bodies on and that was the beginning of the body farm he was the first person to have this idea to research what happens to bodies after death and when it happens and the first person or at least the first person to do something about it we have a number of individuals who will kill their lives or kill their husbands and what do you do with a dead wife or dead husband well you got to get rid of it but how do you do that well one of the things is to go out in the yard mainly in the flower garden and dig a grave and somebody looks out and sees a what you do it over there well you can't say you're burying your husband so you put a concrete slab over it and saying you're pouring a little patio and we have a lot of bodies buried under things like this in our culture today this was a master's thesis in which we're using ground-penetrating radar to look under it look through the concrete and go down underneath it it's interesting looking at that project over the nine-month period did this master's thesis ran you could see that there was a body under there and as time goes by you can see the body decay but normally if you just call it you go out to a crime scene you wouldn't get that nine months sequence he's funny he's charming he's genuinely good-hearted I mean I can imagine that someone without all those attributes might try to set up a facility like this and just get nowhere with it you know but he is legendary and beloved in East Tennessee there's a skeleton there that has no cover on it except for the leaves here's one of the bones are way down here - that's a cute we back up there I handle the William M bass donated skeletal collection it is the end product of our donation program and those individuals that have willed themselves to our program to be used for both our decomposition research as well as the skeletal aspect of our research my name is Rebecca Wilson I am the assistant coordinator of the forensic anthropology Center I this collection started in 1981 and anyone that wills themself to our program to be used for research at the ethnological research facility is I eventually brought here and is stored here in perpetuity so they are stored as long as we exist they will be here currently we have just over 700 individuals in the collection which makes it the largest collection in the United States of modern Americans I it exceeds the next largest program from about 400 individuals so it's fairly substantial we have individuals where they have been directly affected by a case whether they were a victim or they had a member of their family as a victim and there those individuals are usually more interested in the decomposition research and they really want to be used as much as possible for forensic related research out of our research facility we also have people that just want to be used for teaching they know that either the individuals that want their skeleton on display in a classroom which obviously we cannot and we tell them that having a skeleton restrung or kind of put back together is not is not as beneficial for us so we have those individuals that are just like I want I want to be used for teaching and those individuals that choose that and highlight that are more of the academics a lot of them you'll see a lot of nurses and a lot of teachers that say I really want to be used for that aspect obviously when we go on a case you're starting in your head putting pieces together and know where to look when you get back to that lab so it's it to me having that the skeletons available in the collection is a way so that students can learn what they are expected to find and know in the field and in the lab situation but also be an avenue for research with those age indicators looking at okay the difference between males and females looking at the way we age because those are things that do change with time and having a modern collection available to do that is extremely important so we get now this past year we've had 26 researchers from other institutions coming just to use the collection and and that's amazing and the number of requests increases every year and so we to me it's a value this is a data set and it's a it's a resource for other people to use they're having troubles in in courts these days where you know the average juror is a member of the community and CSI has been so successful that people think if you don't do it like it's done on CSI then there's something wrong with you you know and so you've got to convince them eh we don't get it done in an hour and it takes a little bit more research than what CSI shows that's going on we've had a couple of experiments we wanted to reproduce death in the trailer to see how long it takes for our body to decay in a trailer situation like that a cage that will try to reproduce a crime scene which there's not much in the literature on and that was one of the ones that we've done that and there's a body under there and the reason we cover them up with black plastic is that maggots don't like sunlight so what the body is out here and you have it in the Sun and the shade and so forth the maggots will get on the body but they will get out under the skin so they will leave the skin as an umbrella you will find a body out sometime it looks fairly good condition but when you get up to that body and look at it very carefully you'll find it that the skin is just leather literally this turn to leather and there's nothing there but a skeleton with a leather covering and what we're trying to do is to get down to the the skeletal remains we put that on there so that the maggots will do a better job of cleaning the skeletons off we have buried here five five burials when we buried the individuals we ran pipes down and ran pipes through the body and this is to get the compounds of Baldwin fatty acids that are given off the body one of my doctoral students who's done this project has found over five hundred compounds that are given off of decaying bodies now not all 500 of those are equal in identifying a body but he is defined a sniffer a handheld device that you can walk across the ground and if you find one of those compounds that he's using in his databank you can tell that there's a berry body there this is the type of research that we're doing now the next question it comes up and the reason they're still here do you get the same compounds given off of a body that's been dead two years did you get the first year we don't know that so we left it and we're now in the fourth year those things have been there for years and there are some decreases of some but of course how long you gonna leave them well I don't know how I will leave them it'll depend on you know when you get a point of diminishing returns but we do have individuals you do have cadaver dog handlers who say that over there dogs can smell civil war graves well that's 140 years ago I don't know you know I wonder a little bit about that but we do now have the techniques in forensic anthropology area that we can go about looking at things like that you