How To Sign Minnesota Banking Permission Slip

Structural Pest Control Service Pesticide Use Record Keeping Form

Music Music the correct and proper use of pesticides is vitally important to all of us that are involved in this industry whether you're a private applicator that's applying pesticides to your own farm or you're a commercial applicator that applies to pesticides for the public and charges a fee today we want to discuss briefly the history of pesticides look at the laws and regulations that apply look at labels and label comprehension safety they will look at pesticide groups formulations and the environment but to begin our discussion let's take a look back and get a little bit of a perspective on pesticides and where we kind of got started first we need to identify what a pest is as most of you know what pest can be any type organism that affects man in its crop so that could be insects or it could be diseases such as fungi or bacteria it could be rodents such as mice or rats or it could be even other forms of wildlife damage like birds and of course weeds all of these are pests and it's according to what crop we're looking at as far as pesticides go you can go way back in history the children of Israel use salt to desiccate the land before they took it over in 900 AD the Chinese first began using arsenic as an insecticide and then in the mid 1850s pyrethrins were discovered they are botanical insecticides derived from chrysanthemum flowers also lime and sulfur but really what got us into the pest side age came out of World War two and all of the research that was done then prior to a World War two 1939 DDT was discovered by a Swiss entomologist and then was widely used during World War two toward the end of World War two the organophosphates were discovered and so that alone with a lot of other discoveries really put us into the chemical age as far as agriculture goes in the post-world War 2 era now let's describe what is a pesticide a pesticide is a chemical substance that is used to kill or control pests and as you can see here there are a lot of different type of pesticides pesticides is the general term that covers all of these and insecticide is a form of a pesticide a herbicide is a form of a pesticide as you see what I mean here fungicides rodenticides there are several plant growth regulators are considered pesticides defoliants and desiccants now let's turn our attention now to the laws and regulations that govern all of the use of pesticides in 1947 Congress enacted the federal and secta side fungicide rodenticide Act we just simply call it FIFRA FIFRA has been amended several times in 1972 it was amended in 84 in 1988 and then his recent is 1996 with the passage of the food quality Protection Act but the purpose of FIFRA is to regulate the distribution sale and use of pesticides and as you see there on the screen of the pesticide definition that we gave a little earlier FIFRA has 34 sections and we won't go through all of these sections but you can see here short title and table of contents definitions the law lines out training the training that you're going through to get a private applicator license here today or commercial applicator license is line down in FIFRA and so forth but let's take a closer look at three sections section 3 section 18 and section 24 see that you'll need to know for the examination a section 3 is what's called a full registration on a pesticide that means that the pesticide or the chemical company has performed all the tests that are required and gone through all of them of jumping through the hoops for EPA and they agree that it can be labeled and then it can be sold under the terms of the label section 18 is I what's called an emergency exemption label and these are for just that emergency situations they're time limited and very restrictive an example of this may be if we have an outbreak of a certain caterpillar on cotton and we don't have a good control for that there might be an insecticide that is being tested and has not been labeled yet and we can petition EPA for an emergency exemption to allow the use of let's call it Brand X insecticide and use it for maybe two weeks to control that particular caterpillar but it's an emergency exemption the other section that we want to look at are labels is we're talking here section 24 C which is called a special local needs this permits a state to label registered federally registered pesticides for some uses that are not on the label an example of this would be like a herbicide like gram ox on for instance isn't currently labeled on say peanuts but we may petition and get a special local needs to use the herbicide remark so non sweet potatoes in Alabama and these labels lasts for several years about five years but you need to know that a section three a section 18 and what a section 24 C is now let's turn our attention to the to the Alabama pesticide Act of 1971 the main purpose of this state law is the same as that of FIFRA it does however contain two provisions within it the custom applicator law which regulates the custom application of pesticides by aircraft and ground equipment and as you can see here there are several categories demonstration in research eggplant forest right away aquatic and and so forth and then there's the professional service law which requires licensing of those in pest control work in and around structures long sides and ornamental plants and you can see these categories here again both of these categories the professional service law and the custom applicator law applied to commercial type pesticide application as you can see in the professional service law here we have on a mentor fence control industrial institution on household that's for your pest control operators and then there are others but the Alabama State Department of Ag in industries is the government state government agency that oversees this law and they also issued your you your permit when you complete the test either as a private applicator and private applicators or those of you that are farmers applying pesticides to your own farm or commercial applicators let's turn our attention now to another - a regulation that we need to be aware of this particularly for farms is called the worker protection standards and worker protection standards was added by EPA in 1992 and it applies to farms forests nurseries and greenhouse operations so the purpose of it is to protect workers so a good example of this is if you're a farm you hire me to come and work for you there are provisions that you have to have me trained and be sure that I'm trained before I apply pesticide the first time as we can see here here's our provisions you must have a central location this is kind of like a bulletin board that you would have showing pesticide safety poster and some other information you have to train as I mentioned your handlers handlers somebody that would actually be applying pesticides then if you hired somebody is just a worker they would be someone that maybe would just do hand labor but would not be applying pesticide so the training is a little different there there are video tapes available in the county agents office to assist you in training your your handlers or your workers so see them about that another provision is you must have a decontamination site that's outlined in this regulation and that's in case your workers spill pesticides on them and they must have some water there soap entire walls extra set of coveralls drinking water and so forth information employer information exchange is required in this as well emergency assistance monitor you if they are applying a hazardous material that carries a danger symbol in skull and crossbone on the pesticide you have to contact those workers every two hours to be sure they're okay and then there's some other things listed here personal protective equipment that's PPE and the REI is restricted entry interval or we call it the re-entry interval the time that is required to keep workers and other people out of the treated area is listed on the pesticide label posting of signs if the label requires that you post a sign to the field it will instruct you on the label have greenhouses are must post a sign that says that you cannot enter danger pesticides and that must be posted before during and after the application and during the re-entry time now let's turn our attention to federal pesticide record-keeping this is for private applicators now commercial applicators have to keep records by state law but for our purposes here on this videotape just want to mention to those other private applicators you farmers out there you have to keep records of all restricted use pesticide applications now we have a nice little pocket-sized publication that lines all this out for you and but this is required and you must keep these records for two years so anytime you apply restricted use pesticide you have to keep a record of it and so be sure you get a hold of the copies of those let's look at the requirements here you have to keep the product name that would be the trade name the EPA registration number which comes off the jug the pesticide container and then the total amount applied like two quarts per acre is what you're going to put there and then the area treated maybe 40 acres crop let's say cotton location the location has to be more descriptive than than just what you and I would use in everyday language like the back forty or something it has to be a legal description again this is outlined in our publication and I encourage you to get one of those from your County agent you have to put down the date of the application of the pesticide and then your name and certification number let's now turn our attention to labeling and the pesticide label is part of FIFRA and it's the it's it's the law it's the federal law and let's see as you can see here all of these different things are can centered labeling the label that's attached to the jug and also the sales brochures or other technical information and again the label is a federal legal document one of the things that is on the pesticide label that you need to know is that all pesticides have basically three names as you can see here we have a trade name roundup which is is sold and also we have one here an ortho product cleanup both of these are containing the common name glyphosate and glyphosate is if you look on the jug there you can see that that's the active ingredient and then there's also the chemical name which is describes how the chemists put it together so just remember all pesticides have three names a trade name a common name and a chemical name now let's look at some of the parts of the pesticide label again we just discussed the trade name and you can see down there the common name for this example seven is the trade name the common name is carbon real and then the chemical name one naphthyl in carbonate and so that's a good example other things that are listed on the label of course of the ready PA registration number which is very important when dealing with a record-keeping and restricted use pesticides the establishment number tells where this particular pesticide was what's jugged or where it was manufactured and then it tells you where this restricted use or not directions for use there's also precautionary statements listed on the label statement to the physician information on disposal we can't overemphasize though it has become cliched to to tell folks to read the label but it's mildly important that you read and understand the label before you ever apply any pesticide let's talk now about something else it's real important on the label and that is signal words the signal word indicates to you the toxicity of the material if it is danger and it has poison with a skull and crossbone that means that it is highly toxic and it only takes maybe a taste to a teaspoon to kill a grown man so it's very serious business danger should you should always use all of the proper precautions and using this pesticide warning is the next signal word which means it's moderately toxic a teaspoon to an ounce would could kill a hundred fifty pound man and then caution means that it's only slightly toxic and greater than an ounce as far as the toxicities go let's mention now that there are two types of pesticides there are general use or unclassified pesticides that are allowed by EPA and then there are what's called restricted use pesticides now let's start with restricted use pesticides these can only be applied by certified applicators those of you that are commercially licensed or those of you that have a private applicator permeate so the general public cannot apply restricted use pesticides and the reason that they are restricted is EPA can do this for several reasons one is for human toxicity or hazard to the environment or wildlife it could be anything it could be that they may show some mutagenicity which means that they might could be suspected to be cancer-causing so restricted use products or are used quite frequently in agriculture but they take special care and that's why EPA requires a special training now general use pesticides there's there's several of these on the market and these are the things that you can go and buy from a local dealer or co-op or places like that and these generally have a caution label and the general public are able to use them but again all the label and legal requirements associated with general use or restrict to use are required let's turn our attention now to pesticide safety and application the overall risk that you have in using any pesticide is equal to the toxicity time the exposure the dose makes the poison the father of modern toxicology Paracelsus coined this phrase back in the early 1500s you know all substances are poisons there is none which is not which is what Paracelsus said and that is true you take any substance and a high enough dose and it can be toxic let's look here and talk about a poison for instance what is a poison it's any substance which introduced into an organism and relatively small amounts acts chemically upon the tissues to produce serious injury or death ordinary table salt that most of us use every day is a good example of that 400 milligrams per kilogram can cause a violent reaction aspirin which is one of the number one problems in Forrest's folks being accidentally poisoned every year 15 to 45 tablets is fatal for most humans nicotine for instance which is of course a botanical derived chemical coming from tobacco of course is very toxic in the pure form 50 milligrams per kilogram or 50 parts per million can kill a grown man so everything every chemical that we use that we ingest or poisons at a high enough rate the the key to our safety though is to be sure that that we protect ourselves and don't allow any ingestion or absorption through our skin and so forth let's look now and talk about how routes of exposure to pesticides into our body when you're using a pesticide there's four main ways that these can be introduced into you orally through your mouth of course dermal e absorption through your skin inhalation breathing in the fumes and then ocular through your eyes there are three types of toxicity to pesticides acute is usually immediate obvious and reversible and most of the time this is associated with organophosphate sore carbamate insecticides because they work on the nervous system and insect and if in if you're poisoned they will affect your nervous system there is an antidote for those and it's called but normally that type of toxicity will become obvious immediately upon exposure delayed or chronic responses to talk sister usually from repeated doses and this can be achieved into things like cancer and other things that are a risk from some pesticides an allergic reaction though is one that you need to pay close attention to if you or somebody works for you is using a particular pesticide they have an allergic reaction to it or they have asthma each time they are around the offending chemical they will have this reaction and there's really nothing you can do itself probably get someone else to apply the pesticide let's talk about the general symptoms associated with pesticide poisoning they are headache giddiness nausea blurred vision chest pains these are the general symptoms that you would see if someone was poisoned with the pesticide it's important that you have a first aid kit around any place where you're working in using pesticides it's also good to to add to this first-aid kit some syrup of ipecac which would be used in the case of an accidental swallowing that is a vomiting type chemical that you can mix and it will induce vomiting he though to that is you must read the label and be sure the label tells you to induce vomiting if someone accidentally swallows a pesticide some of them are corrosives and you wouldn't want to swallow I mean you wouldn't want to induce vomiting in that case because it would do some more damage coming up but again the label is your guide there let's talk about the emergency responses to a pesticide poisoning first aid the first thing and best thing to do is to have already read the label so you know what the precautionary statements tell you doing the practical steps that it tells you to do beyond that probably in most cases a trip to the emergency room with the label is the best recommendation we can make if someone's poison take the label and take them to the emergency room drinking milk occasionally a farmer will be out mixing pesticides and may accidentally rub its mouth or around the nose but if this happens drinking milk is a good idea because milk has a lot of calcium and can help bind up some of those pesticides some of the ions there and help flush those out of your system if you get a pesticide Onias recommended that you wash it all for 15 minutes and this would apply for if you had it splattered in your eyes if somebody has an inhalation exposure get them to fresh air and stay away from those fumes let's let's turn our attention now to personal protective equipment the equipment that's lying out on the label as to what you should wear when you're applying a pesticide and again this is part of the label and require that you do this violation of following any aspect of the label by the way can be punishable by fines and if you misuse it don't use it according to the label or don't provide the proper protective equipment these things are subject to fines and legal actions so you know it's good business to do these things directly but I also know that the law is behind what's on that label as we mentioned earlier the personal protective equipment or PPE is listed on the label but you know it's too late to wear it when you end up in the emergency room like this fellow here who had a hose break and the pesticide splattered on his face and caused some burning to his skin so you know prevention is the key here minimum body protection is is lined out by EPA and you should wear a long sleeve shirt long legged pants chemical resistant boots chemical resistant gloves a wide brim hat and goggles if required on the label and then an apron so no short pants or flip-flops you need to have your skin covered here's a good example of someone that's properly fitted with PPE and again remember this the highest risk you have in working with a pesticide is when you're mixing and loading the pesticide called swine you're working with a concentrate and when you're working with the concentrate the hazard is increased again remember the aspect of the your risk is due to the toxicity time the hazard and in the hazard is when you're using it so be sure to always wear your PPE when mixing load and applying your pesticides now if you are driving a tractor and it's it's a cab and all the air filters are in place you can go without your PPE as long as all that's in place but if you get out to adjust the sprayer or the tips you're supposed to put to personal protective equipment back on let's talk briefly about cartridges or canisters here we're talking about respirators some pesticide labels will require that you wear a respirator to protect you from any vapors or gases that might be released from the pesticide one of the main things that you need to do is have a proper fit have a fit test see if you can if you can weigh properly you need to apply put the respirator on and close the inlet and cut off the air and inhale gently and see if that facemask will collapse on your face and hold your breath for 10 seconds if you have facial hair and so forth that'll create a little gap there and you won't be able to get up a ceiling so therefore you'll have to have somebody else apply that pesticide let's talk now about your clothing after a hard day's work you know you're out spraying commercially on the farm you're gonna get dirty and you may splatter some of these pesticides on you the proper way to treat this is that you wash your clothes separately from the rest of the families wash and you should rent some twice to rent cycles to remove any excess pesticide that may be there now a lot of the protection the the PPE some folks will wear disposable clothing and let me point out here that that's disposable clothing like these Tyvek suits should only be used once and then thrown away one of the main keys to your success in safety is using gloves if you will use gloves it will reduce your exposure by 99% research has shown this so by all means obtain and wear some good rubber gloves neoprene gloves or very durable and you need to have these available for yourself and for your workers and be sure that they wear gloves we want to turn our attention now to pesticide groups there's a lot of different modes of action and types as we discussed earlier of pesticides herbicides insecticides fungicides all of these work chemically to produce some effect hopefully to control the pests that we're looking at and we need to have a little bit of background on that as you can see here there's a lot of different type of groups of pesticides protectants decadent would be like a fungicide where you apply and it would protect the plants from being infected by some fungi so while an example of a protectant would be a fungicide translocated herbicides or something that we use a lot things like glyphosate where you apply it to the plant and it's absorbed and moves through the plant and there by kills it fumigants of course are gases we use these in like fumigating grain bins anticoagulants would be an example of maybe mice or rat baits or poisons anticoagulant of course means it keeps blood from clotting contacts will use a lot of contact insecticides whereby as soon as it comes in touch with the insect it affects your nervous system stomach poisons things like carbaryl or 7 does whereby you applied in the insect must eat it and get into its stomach before it creates does the control force selective and non-selective or generally pesticide groups refer to herbicides a selective herbicide would be a herbicide that would select 4:1 and leave the other and a good example of that would be 2 4 d which applied to a pasture would control the broadleaf weeds and leave the grass non-selective herbicides would be like we talked about something that would kill most vegetation like glyphosate Orgrimmar zone we don't have the time to go into all the different families but it's important here to point out that these different groups have families within them like in insecticides there's organophosphates carbamates there's old chlorinated hydrocarbons and then we have a lot of new insect growth regulators a new newer type insecticides and these are different families and for resistance management it's good to remember to switch families be sure to educate yourself about which particular pesticides you use and learn the families and rotate those to help prevent resistance one thing we need to point out to you is all pesticides the soul will affect how well they work the texture of the soil whether it's a highly sandy soil or a heavy clay will affect how well the pesticide works the soil pH can have a great effect on your pesticide organic matter which we have very little of in our soils in Alabama can't affect your pesticides a lot of times these are are what's happening is it's a chemical binding of the the pesticide to the soil or or to an organic matter particle the weather affects how well your pesticide will work rain of course humidity high humidity will decrease the effectiveness of a lot of insecticides for instance the pyrethroids come to mind high temperatures would do the same thing so you want to avoid applying pesticides when you know that there's a big weather front coming through and a lot of thunderstorms I know it's hard to predict this in July on Alabama but watch the weather as I know you do and try to apply your pesticides when weather conditions are conducive to good control for instance herbicides applied when it's real cool a lot of times won't work as well let's talk about formulations of pesticides just like when you go to the store you know to buy liquid Tylenol or caplets pesticides are formulated in a lot of different ways and let's review the formulations a little bit here formulations we have liquid formulations and one of the most common liquid formulations is an EC a most viable concentrate and the most viable concentrates are are very versatile and they are soluble in all and forming and motion in water so when you mix them in water they look like milk and again one of the things I'd like to point out to you here is the law says that you should not take the pesticide it's original container to protect children and also if you've got it mixed up and in a container it looks like milk to a small child so be careful there and let's don't leave any any unused pesticides laying around in containers you should use all that you mix up but that's a most viable concentrates solutions readily dissolve in water or other solvents however because most chemicals will not dissolve readily few true solution pesticides are available but as you can see it just looks sort of like wheat tea let's talk about flowable Zoar liquids these are insoluble solids that are finely ground and mixed in the liquid and they require moderate agitation in your tank or they'll settle out and then you won't get the control that you need dry flowable Zoar water dispersible granules or another dry formulation these are actually formulate little tiny balls and then they mix with the water but they need to be constantly agitated as well as wettable powders which are still widely used one thing to remember for your test is if you have a dry formulation let's say the the label says it's a 50 WP that 50 means that it's 50% active ingredient so if you're asking them to test be sure to know that if it said 80 SP that means it's 80% active ingredient soluble powder how about liquid formulations if it says 4 EC that means there's four pounds of active ingredient in one gallon of the formulated pesticide if it says eight EC that means there's eight pounds of active ingredient in that emulsifier will concentrate so know the difference between the active ingredient designation is there let's talk about adjuvant just a minute or agilent's or things that you add to your spray mix to basically do a couple of three things one is to reduce the surface tension of a water molecule as you know if you mix water and you and you spray it out it beads up like this so if we apply an adjuvant it reduces the surface tension it spreads a water molecule out and thus you get better coverage of your spray mix some though let me warn you some pesticide can pesticides already have the surfactant in there so you don't need to go out and purchase anymore the labels you guide there are some other agilent's though things that are like anti drift agents that you can apply that will help reduce drift anti-foaming agents and so forth but I'll do your homework on surfactants you don't always need one but if you have a question be sure and contact your County Extension agent but your label again will be your guide as far as adjuvant let's finish up here talking about granular insecticides and dust one thing I want to point out two years is a granular is ready to use you don't mix it in water nor do you do dust so a lot of times folks in the past have gone in about ten percent seven dust and mixed it in water and that doesn't work if you want a wet above powder 7 formulation you go and buy like a 50 wp7 formulation as an example let's turn our attention now to pesticides in the environment this is a an issue that is a concern to all of us in the agricultural field but especially to the general population as a whole and it's very important that we understand pesticides and how they relate to the environment and what we can do to help reduce the risk out there and do a good job be a good steward of the land and so forth that you're working with our environment what is it well it's everything around us the air soil water plants houses oceans the goal of responsible pesticide users is to follow good practices that achieve effective pest control with little risk to the environment one thing that we need to understand is the hydrological cycle how you know there's only so much water on the earth and it's all the time recycled so as you can see here here's an example of how we get rainfall and the the water moves down through the soil profile and down into the groundwater and comes up in our in our rivers and streams and creeks and so forth and then of course we pump it up is well water so we need to be concerned about what we apply to the land and how it could move down into the groundwater now one of the problems that we have with pesticide applications sometimes is especially here in Alabama we put on a pesticide then we get a heavy thunderstorm to get runoff and sometimes the pesticide can be carried away if it's a highly water soluble material with just the rain if it attaches to the soil very tightly and we get a heavy thunderstorm and get erosion then some of it can be washed down into the rivers and into creeks and then sometimes we even had it in a few isolated cases some fish kills so again the need to be aware of the weather as best we can before we apply one of the main points to make is that once applied not all pesticides act the same the chemical structures and so forth are so different that they none of them behave the same when they're applied out there let's look at this slide here as you can see some are broken down by sunlight very fastly organophosphate insecticides come to mind they are broken down very quickly like that some are taken up into the plant as we can see your plant uptake some drift away as vapors 2 4 D some of their formulations can vaporize and move over and drift and cause some damage to some crops that are susceptible such as maybe Tomatoes or our cotton comes to mind but as you look down here also we have microbial breakdown a pesticide that means we've got these little microbes out here bacteria and fungi on the soil and they kind of chew on these pesticides and break them down some of they eat them for supper as we could say some of the pesticides though are absorbed to the soul now that means they stick to a soil particle and they are held there and so that prevents them from being leached and gives them a little long persistence these are some of the major ways that our pesticides break down in the environment one of the concerns that we have especially as we have a lot of farms around urban areas it's drift and drift is simply the movement of pesticides by air off-site to an adjacent field or site it's important that when you apply a pesticide that you reduce drift and the label requires that you do that you know just use good common sense let's don't apply them on windy days let's use more volume of water which will create bigger water droplets which will reduce drift you can use a larger orifice nozzle to do that but reducing drift is your responsibility when you apply pesticides another concern in a platinum is non-target organisms can be harmed by pesticides in two ways immediate or direct injury or maybe long-term consequences of environmental pollution as you can see here as we talked to earlier about 240 this is 240 damage drifted over on our squash plant and the the curling and gnarling that's associated with 240 here again be sure that you do your homework and to know not to apply the - for dlv ester formulation and and don't do it on a real hot day but this shows you an example let's talk about some other non-target organisms that can be hurt our honeybees which certainly do a lot of good for sand pollinating crops they can be harmed especially by insecticides and what we need to do is try to adjust our spray times for this by not applying when honeybees are active so maybe apply early in the morning or late in the afternoon because honeybees come out generally from like 9:00 in the morning and work to 3:00 or 4:00 in the afternoon kind of like bankers hours I yes but that's one thing we can do to reduce harming honeybees we've discussed several things here today and just want to wrap up by reminding you that the laws and regulations that are that are in place as far as pesticides are there to do several things number one they're there to protect you as an applicator they're there to protect the general public and to protect our environment and that you should do everything in your power to follow the label at all times and do the right thing it's the best thing for from whatever industry you're in whether you're a PCO pest control operator or your commercial applicator of ornamental turf pesticides or you're a farmer out there the correct proper use of pesticides is good for everyone in the industry and will help us keep pesticides labelled to help us in reducing the damage that occur from pesticides be sure to do the right thing as far as safety goes you know it's easy to not wear your gloves or your protective equipment and then you have an accident or one of your workers has an accident and you will regret that you didn't use the protective equipment so I always do the right thing and wear your protective equipment be sure that you understand the how the pesticide works its mode of action which group is in how to rotate your chemistry's to keep you out of trouble with resistance and then understand how these pesticides affect the environment and let's do a good job and keeping our environment safe and that will help all of us in this industry Music Applause Music