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Decline inheritor countersignature

the maratha empire was the last great hindu superpower in the indian subcontinent prior to the establishment of the predominantly hindu state of india before the rise of the marathas india had been dominated by the mogul empire the moguls were persianized central asian turko mongols who had converted to islam claiming dissent from the renowned conquerors genghis khan and tamar lane they shared their ancestors acumen for conquest and occasional brutality although initially relatively tolerant of other faiths for the time the empire became increasingly discriminatory of its majority hindu population over time by the later 17th century higher positions in the empire increasingly excluded hindus and the jizya infidel tax was imposed to pay for the mughal's many wars since the 15th century the bhakti movement spread from southern india northwards increasing the devotion of the hindu population and the sense of need to create their own strong independent nation this movement influenced many of the marathas the marathas were hindu warrior class who had mainly worked for the mughal vassal sultans of the deccan plateau the maratha general shahaji whose tiny border territory was precariously placed near several larger states fought for all major powers in the region in order to ensure the autonomy of his territory his son chatrapati sivaji maharaja established the maratha empire in 1674. he began his conquests with four captured forts and two thousand warriors after a lifetime of guerrilla warfare he ended his life with 300 hilltop forts and an army of over one hundred thousand men following his death the mogul emperor oaring zeb dedicated the next 26 years of his life waging an obsessive and brutal war against the marathas oaring zeb's massive encampment was essentially a mobile capital city with over half a million soldiers and camp followers chatrapati sivaji's sons who succeeded him used many of his same tactics to ultimately prevail in a long war of attrition with the moguls the marathas effectively used like cavalry and infantry to harass and ambush much larger mogul armies and chose to make final last stands at the numerous fortresses of the deccan plateau once the mughals moved on to the next siege the marathas would recapture and rebuild the fortresses that were the furthest from the moguls and the most lightly guarded by the end of oaring zeb's reign three to four million people had perished primarily resulting from drought famine and plague that had ravaged war-torn lands although bringing nearly all of india under mogul influence the cost of war was too great for the mogul empire to bear after oring zeb's death the mogul empire was plunged into internal rebellion and strife the moguls then had a not so brilliant plan that backfired they released chatrapati safaji's grandson shahu from prison in an attempt to destabilize the marathas this did lead to a short civil war that xiaohu won and the moguls were unable to exploit because they were busy dealing with their own civil strife...