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hi everyone in this video we are going to discuss how to write a java program to accept an abbreviation as input and to displace acronym so what's an abbreviation abbreviation is a collection of words to form a string and what is an acronym acronym is the collection of first character character of every word in that abbreviation now let us take an example in this example uniform resource locator is the abbreviation in this if you gather the first character of uniform then first character of resource then first character of locator you can get the url of sorry the acronym of uniform resource locator that is url like that here vital information resource under c's here b is the first character of vital then i is the first character of information like that if you gather every first character in the words in the abbreviation you can get the acronym virus now we want to process it right we want to process it so we we want to write a program to accept an abbreviation as input and to display its acronyms output how can you uh process it let us take the abbreviation uniform resource locator so you have to get the abbreviation as input so in which form or in which type you will get the abbreviation as the input abbreviation is a collection of characters right abbreviation is a collection of characters or collection of words every word is a collection of characters separated by which space so what you can do is first you can take the string as input the abbreviation as a string input and take every word or extract every word how can you extract every word right in in our sentences every word is separated by a white space from other word right that we know so in this case what you can do is you take every character and check whether uh you are encountering a weight space or not if you are encountering a white space you can can consider whatever you gathered before this white space and after the previous white space is a word of this sentence now let us write the program for this let me write a class clearly the class acronym and its main method public static [Music] void main string rvs now first we want to get the abbreviation in the form of a string right so we want a variable to get or collect that abbreviation string so let us declare a variable to denote the abbreviation so let us name it as a brief it's a short form of abbreviation and then what's next is you want to uh take every word and check whether it's a white space or not if it's not a white space then it's a part of a word in that abbreviation so until you are encountering a white space you have to gather that characters in a separate string and let us name it as a word let's name it as word right it's another string and you are going to gather the characters into this string word whenever you encounter a non-white space character it's an alphabet or some something some number or some symbol you are going to gather in this string in this case if already some content is there if it is already having some uh you know content then it's called garbage value and that will affect the result of your program so in that case you have to make it empty before getting make you know before making it under the processing right so make the cmt by using assigning null string to it so now null string is assigned to it so now it's it's made null okay now next is we want to have a string variable that is gathering the first character of every word from the given abbreviation and that is considered as an acronym so let us name it as acro so across another string variable that gathers first character of every word in the string and is finally called this acronym of the given abbreviation so let us name this acro and that should also be initialized with null because that is also going to gather the characters in future now let us get the input from the user so let me write this simple description to the user system dot out dot println enter the abbreviation right once the description is displayed it it will wait for the user to enter the abbreviation and we have to get that inputted by the user okay into the string right so which variable we are using the string upgrade so obvious actually it's a string variable that denotes the abbreviation we are going to process so you have to get the input from the user and as i need to upgrade but what method can be used to get a string especially a string with number of words as input we have two choices one is oneness next are known as next line so next is accepting only a single word string but here abbreviations are collection of words right so we want to go for the next choice that is next line next line is capable of accepting a collection of words as input right and if you want to call next line then you have to use the string object sorry scanner object okay so let me assume that i am using the scanner object in but the scan of objective is not a declared right so there will be an error you see there is an error actually posted what is that uh variable abri is already defined in main right main method right that means you are you are uh yeah it's already defined right so let me [Music] omit it now again this is a possibility of here what is that cannot find symbol in so inverse actually assumed as the object of the scanner class but that is not declared in our program so let us declare that in our program so scanner in is equal to new scanner of system dot it's a regular statement we are using in our programs to get input from the user right but again there's a possibility of error what is that error it's cannot find symbol class scanner so that means the scanner class is not known to the program so if you want to make the scanner class known to the program you have to import the scanner class into the program so import the basic package java then in java package util is actually the package that contains scanner class now uh you have to import the whole content of this util all the members of this youtube package or you can import only the scanner class which is required in your program right so let me declare or import only the scanner class into our program now let us continue the process so here we want to go for the processing of the string or abbreviation what process can we do is actually you want to take every word from that abbreviation for example uniform first and extract the first character and add it to the string acro right then again take the next word resource and take the first character from it and add it to acro then next take the next word locator and take the first character from the word locator and add it to the acronym string occur right finally you'll get the acronym of the string or abbreviation uniform resource locator but the thing is how can you extract every word from the string without using any standard library function right so what you can do is you take every character from the string right for example let us take uh c h is equal to u so initially u is coming so use actually it's a it's a uh it's a it's actually um a non uh huge space character that means it's a it's an alphabetical character so it's not void space character in that case you uh gather it into this word uh string word word right so u is initially there okay now next when n is coming you take the next character n is coming so when n is coming so n is actually again non uh non space character so we just gather it or add it to the word um okay word right then like this um okay unifor you know i will come f will come o will come r will come then m will come so every every character will be gathered into this work string word right now finally uh em will be there in this ch now next one is next character is the white space after em there's a white space so white space is coming right which space is coming when white space is coming what's happening all the characters you gathered in this string word is a is a word in this whole sentence right so just take that sentence just take that word okay uniform and take the first character how can you take the first character by using uh the index 0. so if you are extracting the first character if you are extracting the character at index 0 that is the first character now add it to the acronym string okay the resultant string okay this is how we are processing so what you want to do is first you want to uh go through every individual character in the string or in the abbreviation and you want to check whether it's white space or not so if you want to go from first character to last character first you have to know the number of characters in the string so that you can write a you know looping structure right so let us find the length of the string or length of the abbreviation and let us name the variable as l okay and it's integer variable since it's going to have the number of characters okay and then how can you find the number of characters in the string you have to call the length function you can call the length function and if you want to call the length function you have to use the string object for which you are finding this finding the length right so here you are finding the length of the whole abbreviation so let us use the string object uh a brief to call the length function so it will return the number of characters in the given abbreviation and that is stored into the variable l now what can you do is you can um travels through every character in that um string from first character to last character and you have to repeat a set of operations so in that case you have to go for a looping structure you have to go for a looping structure so um which looping structure is more apt uh to this problem actually uh there are two choices one is for loop another one is while loop so for loop is uh it can be used if you know the number of titrations or number of times this execute in prior but while loop is used when you are not knowing the number of iterations at the same time you know that this this set of statements should be repeatedly executed until a condition is satisfied so here we know the number of characters in prayer right already we calculated the length of the string so number of characters is already known to us so we can go uh with problem that will be better for this problem so let us write the for loop for for loop request and no looping variable let us name it as i and this looping variable is going to traverse through or it is it is going to denote every character that means index of every character its initial value should be zero since the index of first character is zero now it has to go till the last character so last characters actually indexes l minus one okay if there are l characters then index of the first character is zero and index of the last character is l minus 1 so it has to go till l minus 1 so you can write the condition like i less than l or i less than or equal to l minus 1 whichever you prefer go to the right okay i less than or equal to l minus 1 okay that is the last index right and then i plus plus to get the next index from the current index now this for lopez return now inside this power loop what are we going to do as we discussed we have to take every character from the string or abbreviation and check whether it is a white space or not if it is a non-white space character just gathered in the string word okay that's what first we have to do so let us write the code for it okay so let us check whether the given characters await space or not so first you have to extract the character right how can you extract the character already uh be discussed in that example uh can cut off that a particular index here every character's index is actually denoted by a looping variable i right it's initial value zero then one then two the till it's go it's going till l minus one length index of the last character so now let us use okay that index i after that if you want to call this care at function you have to use um a string object on which you are calling this okay so on which object you want to call actually the string from which you want to extract the characters which is that string upgrade you want to take every character from the string and you want to check whether it is white space or not once you take it once you extract the character from the string of brain then store it into a temporary uh character variable care ch now this is the character you are going to process this is the character you are going to process what process you are going to do first check whether it's weight space or not let us go with not white space case okay if the given character is not a weight space in that case what you want to do is check whether it's a non-white space character okay or so which non-which character sorry non-white space character if it is non-which space character then uh it's a alphabetical character or any symbol or any digit right just gather it into the string word right so word is equal to word plus the ch just gather it into a string word suppose if you are encountering and white space character so that considered in yellow spot okay so if you are if you are encountering a white space then that case is considered an l spot so if you are encountering a white space what you want to do as i said to you take the content of that word and extract the first character by using the index 0 and add it to the acronym string that's what you have to do right so now how can you do it take the first character from this verb so care at top first character is always denoted by the index 0 and how can you call this carrot you want and string on which you want to call so you are now you are finding the first character for extracting the first character of the word right so we'll call it using word so word and assign it to a temporary variable or otherwise directly add it to the acronym string variable right so a appropriate the current first character in the given word okay and store the result back into our group now you are taking a particular word okay when you are encountering a white space you are you are having a word in this string word take the first character from that word by using the index 0 and the function carrot and gather it or you know add it to the string acro okay now ocr contains it's going to be gathering first word of your first character of every word okay now next what you want to do once the current process is over once the current process is over uh next word will come into existence already this word is containing the word uniform right already this string word is containing the word uniform now you continue with next character r if you are if you are continuing with the same content it will continue from r then e then s then o then u then r then c then e again white space when which space is coming what will you do it will you will take the first character from the whole world what is the first character now again you so it's giving a wrong result so what you want to do is once the first word is processed okay once the first word is processed okay immediately flush that string word so that it can accommodate the new word okay if you are gathering with the same content it will again give the same value as the first character okay so now you empty that you know you empty that after that you continue the process for the next word right so in the code after processing the current word okay just make that word empty okay now word is mediumity right so now uh the crow contains all the first characters or first characters of all the words now let us display it system dot out dot print teller the acro name is right and it's available in the string character string variable let us display it now you see there are some errors what is that error cannot find simple variable i so variable i is not a declared so let us declare it so it's an integer variable okay right now let us compile the program so no syntax error let us run the program okay and let us run the program yes now enter the abbreviation okay in the abbreviation and here let me give the abbreviation okay uniform uniform resource resource locator right let me give you see um it's it's giving the first two characters of um first two words our first character character first two words but it's not considering the first character of the last word even it's not considering the first word itself so what's happening uh what process we have done and what logic you used is um when a white space is encountered okay when there's a white space encounter at that point we are extracting the first word from first character from that word and we are gathering it into our group but you see when user is entering the string he will not assume she will not enter the void space at the end for the last word for the last word there won't be any white space before the first word there won't be any weight space but we are not checking for the pre-weight spaces we are checking for the post-weight spaces so for uniform there is a weight space after that uniform there's a white space after resource there's always space but after locator there is no way space in this case a locator word will be actually gathered that that characters in that word will be gathered in the string word but it's not processed because there is no white space after it so what you want to do is you cannot expect the user to press the white space after pressing or giving the abbreviation as input instead you [Music] add a white space okay so a brie is equal to every plus then a white space character within a string okay now what will happen is the after the last word that there will be a white space so last word will also be considered for processing now let us compile it and run it again yes now let us give again uniform resource locator you see now it is giving the correct url and now the last word is also considered to be since we added additional white space after the last word let us run the program one more time with some another example okay for example uh vital information resource underseas this is actually the expansion or abbreviation of virus that means normally the computer virus okay and uh so the first character of every word is taken and whereas the word virus is formed now let us check whether chronic was actually properly printed or not yes so the acronym of uh you know vital information resource and sees is actually printed properly so now this is how you are okay processing or you are getting an abbreviation as input and displaying the acronym of that abbreviation so you have to get the abbreviation in the form of string and add a white space additional space at the end after that find the length of that abbreviation and then take every character from the abbreviation and check whether it is a white space or not if it is not a white space then add it to a separate word or string that is bird and if it's a white space then take the string from that string word and take the first character from there and add it to the resultant string acro okay once you once you process the current word make this string word ready for next or to accommodate next word so that you can you can just not creating it wrong results so you have to uh refresh or flush this word by assigning null string to it okay finally once this for loopers x you know encountering all the characters in the given string and it's the acronym is gathered in the string acro and now you can print the final acronym by using uh spindle statement okay so i hope that this program will be interesting and i hope that you understood this program and uh practice this program and keep on watching videos from programmer programmers by felix and subscribe the channel and press the bell button for your further notifications and happy programming thank you