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US Coast Guard search operations for persons in the water (PIW's) utilize software from a program called SAROP's which takes in historical water current patterns, on scene weather/winds/currents, time of day/illumination level, size of person, what the person is wearing, whether or not the person has a flotation device and the type of aircraft or vessel doing the search. Once on scene a Coast Guard asset can deploy a data marker Bouy which can then be relocated its drift can then be used to better create a search pattern. The amount of time the Coast Guard will search for a PIW depends on the water temperature and what the PIW is wearing. A PIW with a flotation device in the Caribbean might survive a couple of days while a PIW near Alaska with no survival gear will be hypothermic in under an hour. The success of these searches largely depends the accuracy of the time/location of where the person fell off the vessel/washed out to sea. If the original information isn't very accurate then the search plan will be an educated guess. In most cases the Coast Guard doesn't search for bodies. A search action plan will be executed through such a time as it would be reasonable to expect the PIW to still be alive. Also of note a person with a 406 emergency positioning radio beacon (Epirb) will be found very quickly also a person with a strobe light at night or a mirror during the day is very easy to locate if we are in the general vicinity!

In many way they are flip sides of the same coin. That coin is made up of Esprit de Corps, devotion to duty and mission, camaraderie, the importance of history and tradition, a belief in service, and a firm belief that they represent the best the nation has to offer. There are differences which for the most part are superficial.Ceremony is more important to Marines . The Marines take great pride in all things Military.The CG tends to be more informal, more able to blend into a civilian community.Marines are combat oriented, it is the reason for their existence. They have a clear picture of what their job is.The CG is a multi mission organization, most of which are not combat oriented or combat support missions in the traditional sense. CG personnel don’t always have a clear picture of what they will be doing one day to the next.While the Marines taake great pride in their small units the USCG takes the small unit idea to extremes. I once served in a unit that had 6 members. We had an office that had 3 rooms and we operated completely independently of the base we were housed on. Often a USCG base will be a single building and a couple of small boats on the harbor front.

The answer is: They wouldn'tThe USCG's emergency response duty is the maintenance and protection of internal waterways and external coasts that have sustained and intensive maritime traffic.  So a 300 sq ft pond in a swampy area in some internal county of Florida is outside of their area of duty.  Though they would respond if they happened, by random chance, to be the closest available unit for response. What you should do is call 911 and describe the emergency situation.  They will direct you to take what action you can (Maybe direct your car headlight to the area you think the people are drowning.  Maybe get that rope in the trunk and throw an end in their direct once you spot them to help get them out.  Maybe get your gun, if you have one, and attempt to take a shot at any reptile that shows up (this would be low on the list of suggestions though)) and wait for assistance.  That assistance would initially take the form of what units of local or county emergency management (local police, state police, county sheriff, fire, etc) were close and available.  At the same time water rescue units in the area would be mobilized and organic air support or commandeered/hired aircraft would be brought in if they would prove useful as the situation escalates and more expert eyes arrive on scene.    If the people screaming are already being attacked by a group of alligators well then your call will help get recovery teams in the area so the remains can be gathered.

I have been retired for 24 years but in my time there were 3–4 paths:Coast Guard academy. You need good grades, good recommendations, extracurricular activities, etc. to get in. Unlike the other service academies, you don’t need a Congressional appointment. I didn’t have good grades.Office Candidate School. There are two sources: enlisted and college graduates. I had enlisted out of high school and four years later I applied for OCS. Was accepted and became an Ensign.Direct Commission. Sometimes people of specific skill sets are needed (e.g., lawyers, pilots) and may be offered a direct commission.Enlisted personnel can rise through the ranks and become Chief Warrant Officers. Some CWOs can get promoted to Lieutenant.Whatever way, you best bet is to talk to a recruiter about current requirements, expectations, etc.

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So, about 6 years ago in the early dawn hours off the Florida Keys I actually encountered a “narco submarine” and got to witness exactly how the Coast Guard deals with one.To start with, the submarines employed for smuggling purposes aren’t true submarines. A more accurate description would be a boat that looks like a submarine and has 95% of itself submerged underwater. The one I encountered had a small superstructure about two feet off the surface as well as a few pipes sticking up - frankly, I’m just glad we didn’t hit it.The Coast Guard must have already been made aware of its presence, I assume through radar as it was a large enough object to track on the surface, and had launched one of their small boats ahead of the larger cutter to intercept it. The small boat arrived about 5 minutes after I had narrowly missed the submarine and began shadowing it waiting for the larger cutter to arrive.Once the cutter arrived there wasn’t much left for the submarine to do. As I mentioned it wasn’t a true submarine, just a mostly submerged craft, and thus didn’t have the luxury of diving in the hopes of evading them. The two individuals aboard stopped their submarine and came out of the top of the small pilot house superstructure that was on it where they were apprehended by the members of the Coast Guard in the smaller RIB.A local towing contractor came out and towed the vessel back to the Coast Guard station. I never found out how large the bust was and unfortunately never got a really good look at the submarine although it looked something like this but with a slightly larger pilot house where the man is sitting.To be frank, I believe in the instance I witnessed the Coast Guard got lucky. The sub’s occupants had a poor plan, poor navigation and poor timing. Arriving 10 miles off Key West at dawn on a Saturday when a couple hundred recreational boats will be offshore fishing - poor planning, poor timing and poor navigation. Had they made the run into shore twenty or thirty miles East of their track and arrived at one of the less populated Keys in the middle of the night they would have probably never been caught.Alternatively, having a small boat meet them offshore and commence the final run into a private house on a canal where it is regularly seen would have been almost certainly successful.I say this not to provide tactical tips for outwitting the Coast Guard but to illustrate just how difficult it is to patrol vast stretches of ocean. The picture above doesn’t illustrate how well something with a very low profile above the water can mask itself with the surface of the ocean and be almost invisible to the human eye unless you’re right on top of it. Additionally, even the best radars will fail to acquire a small target on a rough day making tracking them difficult - the day I encountered one was fairly calm. While I didn’t have radar on that boat I know with my current radar I would have been able to acquire it at 4+ miles fairly easily, the Coast Guard certainly has better radar setups than I do which gives you an idea of the range limitations of radar in tracking a small object like that. Any surface vessel needs to be relatively close (20 miles or so) to the submarine and hope there isn’t a lot of wave action that provides excess “noise” making it difficult to distinguish a sub’s pilot house from the crest of a wave.The rendezvous at sea method is also very difficult to guard against since the vessel making the rendezvous can disguise itself as a private vessel going fishing or diving and simply return to its usual dock, never raising suspicion of its activities. Checking the thousands of private vessels that go offshore everyday is well beyond the scope of the Coast Guard’s abilities.While surface assets and aerial assets, including this cool blimp that flies at 10,000 feet over Big Pine Key and is equipped with all sorts of surveillance tools, are effective to an extent against narco submarines and other smuggling vessels, its a constant race to keep up with improving tactics on both sides. Who knows - we might see unmanned fully submersible subs one day.

Taxes can be viewed as having 4 uses (or purposes) in our (and most) governments:Revenue generation (to pay for public services).Fiscal policy control (e.g., If the government wishes to reduce the money supply in order to reduce the risk of inflation, they can raise interest rates, sell fewer bonds, burn money, or raise taxes. In the last case, this represents excess tax revenue over the actual spending needs of the government).Wealth re-distribution. One argument for this is that the earnings of a country can be perceived as belonging to all of its citizens since the we all have a stake in the resources of the country (natural resources, and intangibles such as culture, good citizenship, civic duties). Without some tax policy complexity, the free market alone does not re-distribute wealth according to this "shared" resources concept. However, this steps into the boundary of Purpose # 4...A way to implement Social Policy (and similar government mandated policies, such as environmental policy, health policy, savings and debt policy, etc.). As Government spending can be use to implement policies (e.g., spending money on public health care, environmental cleanup, education, etc.), it is equivalent to provide tax breaks (income deductions or tax credits) for the private sector to act in certain ways -- e.g., spend money on R&D, pay for their own education or health care, avoid spending money on polluting cars by having a higher sales tax on these cars or offering a credit for trade-ins [ref: Cash for Clunkers]).Uses # 1 & 2 are rather straight-forward, and do not require a complex tax code to implement. Flat income and/or consumption (sales) taxes can easily be manipulated up or down overall for these top 2 uses. Furthermore, there is clarity when these uses are invoked. For spending, we publish a budget. For fiscal policy manipulation, the official economic agency (The Fed) publishes their outlook and agenda.Use # 3 is controversial because there is no Constitutional definition for the appropriate level of wealth re-distribution, and the very concept of wealth re-distribution is considered by some to be inappropriate and unconstitutional. Thus, the goal of wealth re-distribution is pretty much hidden in with the actions and policies of Use #4 (social policy manipulation).Use # 4, however, is where the complexity enters the Taxation system. Policy implementation through taxation (or through spending) occurs via legislation. Legislation (law making) is inherently complex and subject to gross manipulation by special interests during formation and amendments. Legislation is subject to interpretation, is prone to errors (leading to loopholes) and both unintentional or intentional (criminal / fraudulent) avoidance.The record keeping and forms referred to in the question are partially due to the basic formula for calculating taxes (i.e., percentage of income, cost of property, amount of purchase for a sales tax, ...). However, it is the complexity (and associated opportunities for exploitation) of taxation legislation for Use # 4 (Social Policy implementation) that naturally leads to complexity in the reporting requirements for the tax system.

Sometimes shipments are let through so they can be tracked to various levels of the distribution network. To effectively track the drugs to the buyers, however, they must have very good intel and some help from inside. The whole system is a multi-pronged approach.In this case, there's no way to guarantee the vessel was bound for the US or where it would dock. The routes, locations, and methods drug cartels use for shipping their products are numerous and difficult to track. It may have been bound for Mexico where it would then divided up and trucked or put on trains to different parts of the US, Mexico and Canada. These vessels don't use normal ports or marinas either. Sometimes they'll sail up a river to a hidden location, other times they dump it on a beach with GPS transmitters for someone else to collect later. Still other times they meet up with other vessels and divide up the drugs for delivery to different locations. The Coast Guard has a mission to stop the drugs before they signNow the US, and they work with the Navies and Coast Guards of other countries to do this. Enough get's through that they need to stop whatever shipments they find.Finally, in order to effectively track future shipments, its important to know what they're up against and the methods these cartels use. Capturing their vehicles, especially a Self Propelled Semi-Submersible as was used in this case, is incredibly beneficial to the overall mission. Capturing these vessels is very rare, and being able to study and analyze the vessel will help to stop them from even being built.