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a food chain is a single path which helps us work out who eats whom in a habitat in order to get the energy and materials required for nutrition ultimately the sun is the initial source of energy for nearly all living things the food chain begins with an organism that can utilize this energy directly to make its own food the arrows in the food chain follow the flow of energy so they always go from the food and point to the feeder so for example the grass uses energy from the sun zebra eats the grass a lion then eats the zebra think of it as the food's journey into the mouth of the next organism the chain always ends with the top predator which is not preyed upon by other organisms but will be consumed by decomposers after death typically food chains involve around four steps it is unusual for them to be longer because energy is lost between each dip and so the energy available for the next organism decreases it is lost in a number of ways it can be lost as heat during respiration or it