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Thats the outcome of an ingenious process called differentiation. Although all the basic organelles may remain the same in all the cells(‘or not’ say RBCs), slight modifications are made by the process of differentiation to guide the cells into performing their specific functions. This differentiation in turn is basically the result of gene repression and activation which results in different proteins native to particular cells, or rather native in particular quantities to certain cells, being expressed helping the cells go their own way.  To oversimplify, think about a factory with scraps of metal as raw material. Using the same machines you can construct airplane models and car bodies. You can also produce bullet jackets and even guns. All that matters is the computer program running the assembly line. Program:gene, factory:cell, machines:organelles and final product:protein. hope that answers your question :-)

Guard cells come in pairs, each one having multiple large vacuoles (pockets designed to withhold water) within them. These vacuoles swell up with water diffused into the cell from the plants veins (forgive me, I can't remember what the vein-like structures are called) and this forces them apart and opens the gap between them, creating a stoma (pl. stomata) or a pore in the leaf's surface. This allows the flow of carbon dioxide to enter the leaf for photosynthesis and the waste product oxygen to leave the leaf. Once this is done, the water diffuses out of the vacuoles of the guard cells again and they shrink, closing the stoma.So, to answer your question, guard cells are structured specially for their purpose in that they have multiple large vacuoles in order to absorb all of the water they need to force open the stoma. As well as this, guard cells do additionally contain a few chloroplasts, allowing them to carry out some photosynthesis, although not as much as a regular palisade cell.

Skeletal muscle is designed to pull 2 points closer together, therefore it contracts using sliding filament called myosin and actin. Cardiac muscle is designed to pulse and contract incessantly until it runs out of fuel. Smooth muscle is designed to contract in waves and help squeeze things through tubes.

Phagocytic cells has cell organelles called Lysosomes which contain hydrolytic enzymes .Phagocytes engulf foreign materials and release the hydrolytic enzymes which kills the foreign bodies.

For discovering the answer to this question you must be familiar with the central dogma….it’s a fancy way of saying that DNA acts as a template to produce RNA and this RNA travels from nucleus where it was produced to ribosomes where it will get translated into proteins.Conversion of DNA to RNA as you can see in the figure above is called transcription. AND then translation occurs.Now your question is pretty logical. Actually the nitrogenous bases in the nucleotides in the DNA/RNA are codes for assemblage of different amino acids. These nitrogenous bases are in the form of triplets and each triplet codes for a specific amino acid.for example,AUG codes for methionineand in this way when RNA (mRNA) goes from nucleus to cytoplasmic ribosomes, these ribosomes read the genetic code in the form of triplet, the tRNA then brings the amino acids which bind together forming polypeptides/proteins.so thats how the nucleotides have different composition and function than that of proteins but nucleotides are working for protein manufacture, much in the same way as cake is made. Cake is made from eggs, flour etc. ALL these ingredients have different a taste individually, but when they work for making cake, the cake has a different taste just like protein has different function than that of nucleotides.hope it hepled!goodluck!

The entire detailed history of evolution of life on earth would be necessary to answer such a broad question ! At the simplest level they inherit these structures and functions from pre existing cells.

Some cancers can be caused by viruses but it is not correct to think of cancer as an infection. The cells in our body are differentiated into different types of cells called tissues that work together to accomplish all of the tasks that your body has to accomplish to sustain itself. To accomplish this your body regulates the rate and location of cells, when they divide and when they die on the tissue level by controlling what parts of your genome are expressed in the cells of a given tissue. For example you probably know that all of the cells in your body (except reproductive germ cells) have the same DNA, so what is the difference between an eye cell or a bone cell? It’s the gene’s that are expressed in your each cells DNA that vary the function and appearance of these cells. Sometimes errors creep into how cells read , write or express your gene’s, this is known as a mutation and if these mutations are severe enough your body has mechanisms in place to destroy defective mutant cells. If enough mutations occur in the genes that regulate how and where your cells proliferate, your body may not be able to cause these mutant cells to undergo self destruction and that is why cancer cells can replicate out of control.There are different types of tumors but none create functional organs that benefit the body, metastasizing tumors trigger the growth of new body vessels but this is not beneficial to the body but allows the tumor to invade other nearby tissues increasing the risk of death and the difficulty in treating it.So quick review:Cancer is not an infection, but a result of genetic mutations.The cells replicate out of control because mutations prevent the genetic controls on cell proliferation.Any structures created by the tumor ( such as by angiogenesis) are harmful and support the growth of the tumor(s) not the body.Here is a useful link: Learn Science at Scitable

Departments of education and school districts always have to make decisions about what to include in their curriculum.  There are a lot of life skills that people need that aren't taught in school.  The question is should those skills be taught in schools?I teach high school, so I'll talk about that.  The typical high school curriculum is supposed to give students a broad-based education that prepares them to be citizens in a democracy and to be able to think critically.  For a democracy to work, we need educated, discerning citizens with the ability to make good decisions based on evidence and objective thought.  In theory, people who are well informed about history, culture, science, mathematics, etc., and are capable of critical, unbiased thinking, will have the tools to participate in a democracy and make good decisions for themselves and for society at large.  In addition to that, they should be learning how to be learners, how to do effective, basic research, and collaborate with other people.  If that happens, figuring out how to do procedural tasks in real life should not provide much of a challenge.  We can't possibly teach every necessary life skill people need, but we can help students become better at knowing how to acquire the skills they need.  Should we teach them how to change a tire when they can easily consult a book or search the internet to find step by step instructions for that?  Should we teach them how to balance a check book or teach them how to think mathematically and make sense of problems so that the simple task of balancing a check book (which requires simple arithmetic and the ability to enter numbers and words in columns and rows in obvious ways) is easy for them to figure out.  If we teach them to be good at critical thinking and have some problem solving skills they will be able to apply those overarching skills to all sorts of every day tasks that shouldn't be difficult for someone with decent cognitive ability  to figure out.  It's analogous to asking why a culinary school didn't teach its students the steps and ingredients to a specific recipe.  The school taught them about more general food preparation and food science skills so that they can figure out how to make a lot of specific recipes without much trouble.  They're also able to create their own recipes.So, do we want citizens with very specific skill sets that they need to get through day to day life or do we want citizens with critical thinking, problem solving, and other overarching cognitive skills that will allow them to easily acquire ANY simple, procedural skill they may come to need at any point in their lives?

Organelle Definition. The term organelle is derived from the word 'organ' and refers to compartments within the cell that perform a specific function. ... A few organelles are not membrane-bound and are present as large complexes made of RNA and protein, such as ribosomes.

A cell consists of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm lie intricate arrangements of fine fibers and hundreds or even thousands of miniscule but distinct structures called organelles.

Plant cell shapes tend to be quite similar to each other because of their rigid cell wall. Cells are of different shape, size and structure according to the function they need to perform. ... Cells have different shapes because they do different things.

Within the cytoplasm, the major organelles and cellular structures include: (1) nucleolus (2) nucleus (3) ribosome (4) vesicle (5) rough endoplasmic reticulum (6) Golgi apparatus (7) cytoskeleton (8) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (9) mitochondria (10) vacuole (11) cytosol (12) lysosome (13) centriole.

Within the cytoplasm, the major organelles and cellular structures include: (1) nucleolus (2) nucleus (3) ribosome (4) vesicle (5) rough endoplasmic reticulum (6) Golgi apparatus (7) cytoskeleton (8) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (9) mitochondria (10) vacuole (11) cytosol (12) lysosome (13) centriole.