Functional Differences between and across Different Regions of the Jneurosci Form

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The cerebral cortex is the  outermost layer of the brain.   It is primarily made up of gray  matter that is extensively folded,   forming ridges called gyri and grooves called  sulci. The folding substantially increases   the surface area of the cerebral cortex,  making room for more neural components. Most of the cerebral cortex in humans  is classified as neocortex, which is so   named because it is thought to have appeared  relatively recently in vertebrate evolution.   Neurons in the neocortex are typically arranged  in six layers, which are distinguished from one   another by differences in cell type and cell  density. The rest of the cerebral cortex is   made up of either allocortex, which has a more  variable pattern of layering, or mesocortex,   which is a transition area between the  neocortex and allocortex. Although attempts   to functionally subdivide the cerebral  cortex tend to oversimplify its functions,   one common approach is to divide t