2009-2025 Form

Full disclosure:  this advice comes from when I applied in 2007.   Perhaps some aspects of the process have changed, but that would  surprise me quite a bit.When they say you should address the two merit review criteria of "Intellectual Merit" and "Broader Impacts," they really mean it!After applying, you get to see the rating forms filled out by the three people that reviewed your application.  At least when I applied, the form consisted of two sets of check boxes: one for the "Overall Assessment of Intellectual Merit" and one for the "Overall Assessment of Broader Impacts."  They check one of "Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, or Poor" for each criteria.  They then write 2-3 sentences explaining their score.  As far as I can tell, whether you get the fellowship or not depends entirely on your scores on these sheets.  I know people who scored 5 "Excellent" and 1 "Very good" responses received the fellowship my year; I seem to recall people receiving 4 "Excellent" and 2 "Very Good" did not.The reviewers are likely reading hundreds of these applications over a weekend, and for every application they have to find something to say about the two merit review criteria.  If you yourself tell them exactly how you fulfill those criteria, they will often take your explanation and paraphrase it into the text box that they have to fill as explanation for their score.  If you don't explicitly address the criteria, they will have to really ask themselves how you satisfy the criteria, and they may not rate you as highly if they can't explicitly see how you are meeting the criteria.  I would strongly recommend trying to discuss the merit criteria in all 3 of the required essays.  You can even explicitly talk about "Intellectual Merit" and "Broader Impacts" to make it even easier for your reviewers to find.

Okay I’ll show you what.People using nonsense short-forms throughout the conversation. Yes, and that too without proper punctuation. Not even a question mark.At times, I can’t even interpret what the person means. How many seconds do they actually save by typing out such senseless things?Please stop using codes. I’m not a computer.People who stretch out words with repetition of letters till it gets so annoying.I think these people are making up for the time saved by those short-form lovers. For what? To make the universal time spent on typing be a constant?In your language, I should say “Stoopppppp!”Excessive use of the letter - ZThe number of unnecessary Z’s in your texts is inversely proportional to how cool you are. Not the other way around.Excessive use of full-stops.I mean what is the deal with all the full-stops? Are you singing a song or something? Or are we playing fill in the blanks game so that I have to fill out all the dots? I don’t understand.Using JUST emojis. What situation be, no change.These people make me want to hate emojis altogether. For God’s sake, speak it out. This isn’t a primer book and I’m not a two year old.The always online one who won’t reply, especially when helps are asked.To add to it, the person not only stays online the whole time but changes his dp twice and updates his status stating how bored and jobless he is. But busy enough to send me a single picture. People, I tell you. -_-Keeps sending each word as a text.This could’ve been wrapped up in two texts. These people probably doesn’t know how disturbing it can get when your phone beeps and vibrates at the rate of 1 time/second.Those people who sends only those stupid chain messages.Reaaally? If you keep sending such messages, your whole contact list will have you in their block list. Oh yeah, I’ll frame it this way. The one BIG thing God fixed for you is the mass block action of your contacts.People who use swear words too much such that it finally makes you scared.Using all the swear words you know in a single conversation and keeping up the ‘swag’. Too much of the F word is giving me a headache.Inconsistent in the cases.Is there something wrong with your keyboard? I’ll pay for it myself to get it fixed. It takes me a hell lot of time to type a single word with all that switching of cases. How, man? WHY man?Taking too much advantage of the revoke feature.Consider yourself finding a large no. of messages from a person and opening up the conversation to see this. *facepalm*In how many messages can someone possibly make a mistake?Then I would also like to mention those people who won’t pick up the calls even if they had sent you a text 20 seconds ago. What could have happened in that span? You got run-over by a bus?The number of unknown guys who keep sending messages saying that they’re ‘interested’ is increasing.Seriously guys, go get a life. :3Thank you for scrolling all the way down. Cheers.PS: All the conversation screenshots attached are made up and are meant for reference.

I measured the zero character of the typeface Univers (get it? universe…) at 12 pt which is 1.97 mm wide and 3.04 mm tall. The thickness of ink on paper is around 10 µm (0.00001 mm). Let's disregard the paper, because it's more interesting that way. The total volume of one 12 pt Univers zero is then:1.97 × 3.04 × 0.00001 = 0.000059888 mm³, or 5.9888[math]^{−14}[/math] m³As I will make no assumptions about the size of the entire universe, I will go with the observable universe, which is estimated to have a comoving distance of 46,6 billion light-years, putting the diameter at 93.2 billion light-years. The total volume of this space is 3.58 × 10^[math]{80}[/math] m³.Thus, the amount of 12pt Univers zeroes needed to fill the volume of the universe is: [math]\frac {3.58 × 10^{80}} {5.9888^{−14}} = 2.7330… × 10^{91}[/math]Now let’s calculate how many 12 pt Univers zeroes printed on paper will fit into the universe. Regular printing paper has a standardized thickness of 0.1 mm. The volume of one 12 pt Univers zero including paper (of the same width and height as the zero) is:1.97 × 3.04 × 0.10001 = 0.5989398888 mm³, or 5.989398888[math]^{−10}[/math] m³Thus, the amount of 12 pt Univers zeroes printed on paper needed to fill the volume of the universe is: [math]\frac {3.58 × 10^{80}} {5.989398888^{−10}}[/math] = 2.1267… × 10[math]^{88}[/math]That’s 21 octovigintillion 267 septenvigintillion 12 pt Univers zeroes!For comparison, the number of particles (protons, neutrons and electrons) in the observable universe is estimated to be around 10[math]^{80}[/math]. This means that to fill the volume of the observable universe, there will be 1.84 × 10[math]^{40}[/math] times as many 12 pt Univers zeroes (excluding paper) than there are particles in the universe. This equals an increase of roughly 2.73 × 10[math]^{13}[/math]%.But of course the particles enjoy a lot of empty space, whereas in case of the 12 pt Univers zeroes, space is completely packed (except for the counter space and negative space), the mass of which will collapse into an “ultramassive” black hole provided the process isn’t halted by radiation pressure.

Are you sure that the NRA is the problem?Oh, I know that the media and the talking heads are all making them out to be some 500 lb gorilla and the reason psychos shoot up school yards, but have you ever bothered to look into the matter beyond the headlines?I’ll give you an example. In 2017, the push was for a “Universal Background Check”. The idea was to be sure that people buying guns were not criminals. Believe it or not, the NRA wholly supports this and in fact was involved with creating the current NICS (National Instant Check System) that is used.But the bill that was proposed was not what you heard in the media. First, it would not plug any “Gunshow Loophole” because there is no such thing. The only sales at a gun show that the bill covered was private sales. Of course, private sales can occur anywhere, not just gun shows.But the bill didn’t make the NICS easier for private sales. They just required all private sales to be conducted through a licensed dealer. Had this actually passed, a gun show would be an ideal location for such sales as there would be access to many dealer. In effect, you would greatly increase the number of private sales at a gun show by this law.So, what is involved with a sale through a dealer? Well, the dealer would have to do the following:1) Record the transfer in their bound book. This is a book where all the transactions of a firearm is recorded via that dealer. The book is auditable by the BATF and many dealers have faced fines for poorly kept records, so many dealers go to great pains to keep their book neat and accurate.2) Fill out the federal form 4473. This is required by all dealer sales of both new and used guns. It asks for the buyer’s name, address, the make and model of the gun, serial number, and then asks a bunch of questions. The dealer can get fined if the person fills out the form wrong. For example, answering a question with “Y” or “N” instead of “Yes” or “No” is a BATF violation. So the dealer has to carefully examine the form for errors and have the person fill out another if errors are found.3) The dealer then calls into the NICS. NICS can come back with a “Proceed”, “Denied” or “Delay”. A delay can take up to 3 days. Typically this is a name that appears similar to a Prohibited Person and requires some research. If this happens, the transfer is on hold. The dealer has no idea when the result of the research is likely to finish. If you are at a gun show, the show could be over before the approval is made.4) All this paperwork, verification, etc takes time. Time is money. So dealers charge for this service. It is typical for a dealer to charge $25-$40 per gun, but sometimes multiple guns get a discount because the dealer can process up to 4 on a single form, but when more than one gun is transferred, the dealer has to fill out Form 3310 which is supposed to help with gun trafficking.All of this is well and good if you are buying a gun from someone you don’t know and many people will require sales be conducted at a dealer for the piece of mind such protections provide. But friends and family typically do not bother with the hassle and expense.One thing you need to realize is that to get a gun dealer license is not an easy process. Since the federal government cracked down on so called “kitchen table” dealers back in the 1980’s, you now must show a commercially zoned storefront with posted business hours to qualify. Many communities don’t want gun shops, and use zoning laws to make them difficult or unattractive. For example the city of Boston does not have any dealers. In fact, the nearest dealer is 3 towns away. Many rural areas don’t have the traffic to keep a dealer in business and you’ll find they are typically only open in the evening or on a Saturday as they work another full time job. Keep this in mind as we get into the next issue.But the bill didn’t stop at sales. It stated that ALL transfers had to be done in this manner. No exceptions. So, two friends out on a hunt would need to go through the whole process listed above just to swap guns for the afternoon. Oh, and they would have to do it all again to give the gun back. It is very common on a range to try out other people’s guns - such a thing would also require the full transfer and back process. Demo guns at a national event by manufacturers? Same thing.Basically any time a gun were to swap hands, the law would apply. There are private shooting clubs where guns are treated like library books and members take whatever they want. Families regularly swap guns. Heck, some shooting courses provide guns for students to use. All of these events would have been impacted by these new transfer requirements.The NRA balked at this. Essentially the rule would curtail many of the traditions and practices that are very common and virtually never result in any kind of criminal activity. In essence it would criminalize things that simply are not crimes.Not only would it create criminals where no criminal intent existed, but the cost to manage the volume of temporary transfers, the staffing needed to take the calls and do the checks would have cost millions each year. All money that would not go toward actually dealing with criminals.When the issue was brought up, many members of Congress agreed the requirements were too restrictive and the whole bill failed to pass. The supporters of the bill did not even attempt to listen to the complaints and work out a manageable fix.Did you hear any of that in the media?But what about catching criminals?Well, the bill didn’t change anything in regards to enforcing the rules to make sure the people who should not own guns were properly entered into NICS. In fact, other than maybe getting fired, there is NO PENALTY for failing to report a person. We have laws that will jail a teacher or coach that fail to report bullies. We have laws that put priests in prison who fail to report potential inappropriate behaviors in other clergy. But we do not have any laws that punish law enforcement agents that fail to do their job and make sure that dangerous people are reported to the background system. And this bill made no effort to change that.NICS is not open to anyone but federally licensed gun dealers. The left are so worried that the system might be used to check people for things other than guns that they refuse to create a means to allow people to verify someone they are selling a gun to. It would be easy to create an app that takes a photo of the buyer and seller’s ID (or just their faces and type in some data) and then return a simple “Proceed” or “Deny” with no other details. You’d have plenty of information to audit for illegal use. And if someone didn’t have an ID, they could then use a dealer. Heck, you can’t file taxes on-line without submitting some kind of ID, so this isn’t anything unique.And yet, the bill did nothing to address the issue of accessing the NICS for easier private sales.Here is the thing. We have 20,000 gun laws in this country. On the federal side, a prohibited person touching a gun could see them in prison for a minimum of 5 years. And yet, we still see cities with high violent crime rates that have virtually no federal cases. Why isn’t law enforcement using those stiff federal laws to get the violent people off the streets? Such a program called “Project Exile” worked wonders in Richmond, VA to reduce violent crime dramatically.OK, back to the “Universal Background Check” bill.I spent a lot of words above explaining what the bill would have required of people and why the situation would have been a nightmare. You never saw any of this in the news and the media pretty much ignored the issue.When the bill was defeated, it was never reported that a “terrible bill that would have cost millions and made criminals out of the innocent was defeated”, instead, all you ever heard was“The NRA used its influence to defeat the Universal Background Check bill that would have closed the gunshow loophole”Almost everything about that statement is false.So, be careful what you want to “Fight Against”. I suspect that most of what you think about the NRA is highly biased due to the way the organization is treated in the media. When you look at the actual facts, many times their concerns are quite valid. And, they have a lot of rank and file law enforcement on their side which helps them represent real world situations. I’ve found their positions in many cases very well presented. Most of the arguments you get on TV news are highly edited and taken out of context to promote an agenda, not facilitate a debate.Make sure you know what you are fighting for. You might be surprised.

I'll answer my own question...I discovered that USPS will actually forward most mail abroad for a limited period of time.  This was difficult to discover as the USPS online form for address change doesn't allow writing in a international address, nor does the physical PS Form 3575 they offer as part of a moving packet.  However I did find the following @ http://faq.usps.com/eCustomer/iq..."How do I file a Change of Address for an International address?If you are moving to an International address outside of the United States, you will need to fill out the same Change of Address (COA) form (PS Form 3575) that is filed for a domestic move at your local Post Office™. If you forget to submit a COA prior to moving to an International address, you can write a letter to your old Post Office in the United States and the Post Office now serving your new international address explaining the situation. Provide direction on how and where you need mail forwarded. The letter should also include as many details asked on the PS Form 3575 (Change of Address Form) as possible."After stopping by the local post office, I was given PS Form 3575 and told to write in the international address - ignoring the fact the fields assumed a US address.I was about to sign up for service from shipito.com, but after many searches I noticed both customer complaints on a number of sites and a "F" rating from the LA BBB.  http://www.la.bbb.org/business-r...For me, if a company doesn't care enough about it's BBB rating to respond and engage with unhappy customers - I don't have much trust they'll provide good customer service otherwise.  As a result, I skipped using shipito for mail forwarding.I've heard of other mail forwarding services like Earth Class Mail, but have yet to try them out... Luckily with the USPS solution above I won't have to.

Worked as a quant at a big investment bank.  Now I have my own company.  You have to take everything that I say with knowledge that I'm talking about the past, and the anything about what life was like in 2007 or even 2010 may be irrelevant for 2014.Workload is surprisingly not too bad.  Most quants work 60 hour weeks which is standard in the high tech industry.  No one I know works killer hours like the people in mergers and accquistions, and there is no point in working when the markets are closed.  When you leave for home, there are always a lot of food delivery people in the lobby.The compensation has gone down over the last few years as bonus has been replaced by base salary, but it's slightly higher than in the other tech industries.  You however will feel more poor than you have ever felt.  When you are in a room full of people who make >$1M/year, and you make $150K, you feel really, really, really poor.  Their kids go to better schools, they have nicer houses, bigger cars, they get into conversations about where to take vacations, and you feel like you are living in a cardboard box.  You are either in a cube farm or in a front offices position.  If you are in front office, you are at a long table, and you see traders screaming at each other.  Most of it is "friendly screaming" (i.e. buy X at Y!!!! The price is going down!!!!)  Some of it is "unfriendly screaming" over the phone.The soft skills aren't the economics and finance.  You can learn that.  The important soft skills are the interpersonal relational ones.  How to resolve conflict or not resolve conflict, how to get people to like you, how to get people to know what you are doing.  Also the cool things is that the rules change.  It's useless to read most economics and finance textbooks because the information and models there are just plain wrong, and your job is to come up with the right ones.Any example of a soft skill is when you look at something and think, "this is nonsense".  Rather than say "this is total nonsense" you spend an hour drafting a three sentence e-mail using the correct corporate language for "raising a concern" and then you spend the next hour editing the CC line.  One reason that I liked the job was that I considered this an intellectual puzzle, and it amused me how traders would use the most rude and blunt language while a lot of the e-mails are in extremely elegant bureaucratic nonsense, and you know your e-mail is going to be ignored so you are just setting up a paper trail so that you don't get blamed when something blows up (or so that you do accept liability for something blowing up).One reason that finance needs so many physics Ph.D.'s is that in physics, once you figure out the rules, they don't change.  Once Einstein figures out general relativity, no need for a new Einstein.  The cool thing about finances is that everything changes.  The interest rate models that were used before 2008, for example, just *will not work*.  So your job is to come up with new ones.  And once you come up with new things, the rules change again.  Once the Fed stops QE, there will be very, very curious things happening with interest rates.  I don't know what they are, but we'll figure them out.Also, you occasionally get to "geek out" on some curious bit of trivia that is not so trivial.  You get really familiar with things like Brazilian calendars, Japanese corporate finance, and when traders in Hong Kong eat lunch.You also see a fascinating world of wealth and power.  You are not part of that world.  Your boss who makes >$1 million/year is a butler for the people that really run the planet.  You are an assistant butler.  One of the more interesting experiences is to watch your boss talk to *his boss* and *his boss* talk to clients.  As with wealth, if you want to feel powerful, don't work for an investment bank.  Where I used to work, promotion to VP was automatically after three years.  Above that is a *lot* of political maneuvering.  Most people figure out that they signNowed the glass ceiling and leave.  The problem is traditional investment banking is not growing, and the regulators won't let the banks do anything new or original, so the politics is a bit nastier than in the early-2000's when the field was growing.  One reason that I got out was that the work starting being filling out forms for the government which wasn't that terribly interesting.The one thing that I think was good was that I got in at just the right time.  I got in at 2007, and when the world exploded in 2008, I had a front row seat, and I played a small part in helping to save the world.  As the world was falling apart, the computer models at the bank I was working at were constantly failing because they were getting stressed, and I helped make sure that the compiles were working.

9Good Question>>>This question is good bcz there is a lot of peoples who have suffer from this problem. In bank exams the cut off of English is quite low, yet almost 60% people failed here in English section only, why?, this is a big problem but luckily I have a solution for this problem which break hurdles of your path easily with minimal efforts. So, first take a look of the whole syllabus of English which is asked in banks exams>>>RC, Spot the Error, Fillers, Cloze test, Sentence Arrangement.This is short look of the pattern of asking questions in Bank’s papers. I wood tell you here what should you do to get through this. Here are some important things which you should do for boosting your numbers in English section especially.Problems :1.Grammar : You read this or not, it doesn’t matter in bank exams. Anyone who has a little bit of understanding of english only as a language, can do its questions when it comes in D-day, but the only point is he/she had a general Idea about solving question which varied from person to person. If you’re the aspirant of SSC then you have to know about grammar little bit more but if you’re a aspirant of banking exams then it doesn’t matter more. Anyway, if someone amongst you want to read Grammar then don’t use too many books for Grammar, if you want you can use this book SHINE BOOK but even if you not take this then also its not harm you bcz this book contained some rarest SSC level grammar rules which can also helpful for you in your understanding of the subject a bit more.2. Word Power : It is the key for your success, How?, I would tell you here. Fillers, Cloze test will create almost 99% questions based on word power bcz if you know the importance of any word as well as their meanings then you can use to it in fillers and Cloze test. Honestly 100% questions you can do it only through this even if 40 % question RC will be based on word power. How you built it, I would tell you later.3. 60% RC : It will covered from your understanding. Suppose anyone who had a sufficient knowledge of English can read a passage and knew easily about central Idea which is only 10% of RC but what about the other 50%. Therefore you have to understand this from your own. So, How would you acheive it, I would tell you later.4. ABCDE : You’ve a question in front of you which carry 5 Questions and the funny part is if you solved it only once then you can score 5 marks easily may be in 2 minutes but there are two main problems which hardly thinks by anyone, which is Understanding and Reading speed. If you reading with speed, you hardly understand the topic and vice versa.Solution :Read a English newspaper daily. This is the panacea for you, How?, I would tell you here and all we talked about the role of Newspaper in many areas in English sections.If you read a newspaper your reading speed will grow. After reading it regularly your understanding power will grow. If you found some words new for you and if you google it then your word power also grow. In a nutshell, your overall knowledge will grow. Now the question is how someone read a newspaper who has never read it before for a competitive purpose, Don’t worry I would tell also this to you here.Whenever you reading a newspaper, first read the content of any article and then translare it in your own language as it is. For Example : If you belong to Orissa then first read it in English and then translate it in Odia, similarly, hindi, urdu or any other language you prefer. don’t think about the time, select only one article and finish it patiently by taking time. Read only one paragraph in a day but finsh it like that if someone ask anything about you from that article may be in moulded form, you can answered about it effectively, bcz if you read like that you can solve Rc, Cloze test, Filler & sentence arrangement in 100% while in the case of spot error only 60% in which you can understand the error through your understanding part.Smart study : The articles or pages you choose from a newspaper choose it by filtering other news other than Financial awareness or business part because the article or topic you are reading may be comes in your mains.If you do this whatever I would tell you here then you can first got improvement in yourself about reading things as well as word power. By this you can start to linking words in sentences which will help you in spot errors and filler sections and after linking sentences you can actually improve your sentence arrangement areas. If you can understand it whatever I say here and you used to it the I bet you, your english will be improved after giving some if your time.Tips 1. Don’t afraid of English, treat it just like anyother language.Tips 2. Attempt all questions of English in prelims as well as mains bcz here you easily score more with a good knowledge of wordpower.If you still wants to clear some queries then ask it on my fb or insta profile. I’ll promise you to answered your querry within first 24 hours, I have already solved 100+ people queries related to various competitive exams like UPSC/SSC & of courses of Bank exams as well through fb & instagram, whenever they ask.Best of luck…!!!

This is a recent meme that’s getting shared on facebook and elsewhere. Repeating the image from the question source:This is a question that has gone viral recently. Most people answer “G”.But look closely, as the question says. Many of the pipes are blocked - the line that blocks off D from C is not a mistake.To find the real answer (this is assuming a low flow rate, as after all it is shown as a drip in the diagram):From A to B to C is straightforward. None of them can fill before the next one.J is a bit more complex. But as you fill J, as soon as the water rises to the outlet to L it overflows to L. So it can never get any higher. Yes, its level also rises in the outlet tube leading to I, but it can never get high enough to overflow to I.So it flows to L, which in turn fills F.So which fills first, L or F?By the time F is full, L will only be partly full (with the water at the same level for both).So your F is the answer.This video shows the idea, an animation by Nick Rossi using a physics engine, AlgodooIt doesn't quite flow like a real fluid, as he says, but it's enough to get the answer and show how it works.Here is another animation Which will fill first? from THE FLOW... by CorneliaXaosWhich will fill first? by CorneliaXaosThat answers the question, since it shows a dripping tap at a slow flow rate. But let’s go off on a tangent.WHAT HAPPENS IF THE WATER IS POURED INTO A AT A FASTER FLOW RATEIf the flow is very fast then obviously A will fill first. However, could any of the others fill up first before F and before A?It’s’ governed by the Hagen–Poiseuille equation so long asthe flow is due to a pressure difference.the fluid is incompressible and Newtonian (water is, approximately).the flow is laminar (not turbulent) - it is with water if it flows slowly through a narrow pipe.through a pipe of constant circular cross-sectionthat is substantially longer than its diameter,and there is no acceleration of fluid in the pipe.All those conditions seem to apply. The pipes are substantially longer than their diameter which is one of the most important requirements. And they are narrow, and the fluid is water.Under those conditionsIf the outlet is above water, the flow rate is proportional to the height of the head of water above the inlet to the pipe. If the outlet is below water, it’s proportional to the difference in height between the water above the inlet and the water above the outlet.The difference in height of the water here is often called the “head” of water.It is inversely proportional to the length of the pipe.Or in short, the flow rate for laminar flow, in a pipe signNowly longer than its diameter, is proportional to the pressure difference, and so to the head of water, but it is also inversely proportional to the length of the pipe.(it also depends on the radius of the pipe and the viscosity of the water but those are the same for all our pipes).Techy details. The equation is:There L is the length of the pipe and R is its radius.Q is the flow rate (what we are looking for).ΔP is the difference in pressure between the two ends of the pipe, which for water is proportional to the difference in height of the inlet and the outlet.Finally μ is the dynamic viscosityAll of those are constant (the pipes are all the same radius, and the viscosity is constant) except for L, the length of the pipe, Q which we are interested in and ΔP.So our equation simplifies to Q = c ΔP / L, where c is a constant which is the same for all the pipes in our example because they are all the same radius.Double the length of the pipe and you halve the flow rate. Double the head and you double the flow rate.So now for instance, can L fill at any flow rate?Its outlet is a very long pipe. Even if L is nearly full of water ,the head of water in F will mean the difference in heads between L and F is quite small even if F is nearly full and L is likewise.Its inlet is a much shorter pipe. Whether L can fill will depend on whether we can get J to have a high head to increase the flow rate of L's inlet pipe to more than that of its outlet pipe. But, at least at first sight, it would seem that such a high flow rate could mean that one of the other tanks earlier in the chain could fill firstSo - it’s quite a finely balanced question, and hard to answer.A obviously can fill first with a very fast flow rate, just fill it faster than it can empty.Well we can actually try this out with a real world experiment :).Well we can actually try this out with a real world experiment :).Prozix has made a 3D printed version of the puzzle. If you have a 3D printer you can download it here and print it out and test it yourself: Answer to the question Which one fill First / water equilibrium system by prozixI don’t have a 3D printer but he has uploaded some videos.First this is what happens with a slow flow rateNote that at 22 seconds in, J nearly fills briefly.If you look closely, you see that a bubble forms in the outlet from J to L, which makes sense, it’s a downward pipe and air is buoyant. The bubble then gets pushed out into L and then bursts.This shows the bubble just before it bursts (you can show the video at 1080p from the Settings)So - if the pipes are very thin - or the flow is just right - that might lead to J filling right there, if you can arrange it to fill before the bubble disperses.So even at a slow rate we have something anomalous already, though its because of a bubble.But what happens at faster flow rates? I asked in a comment to the video, and Prozix was interested and answered with a new videoAt 28 seconds in, at one of the flow rates, then L and F fill at the same time.Here, it all makes sense up to J. J can’t fill (apart from that possibility due to the bubble) at this stage because the pipe from C to J has only a tiny head above its inlet. It’s outlet is about twice as long as its inlet, perhaps more.Aside: If C was nearly full, J would start to fill, and if we could have the level of water stay below the outlet into L while J fills, then C with its shorter pipe could continue to fill J even when it is nearly full. But as it is now, there is no chance of J filling.So that makes sense. But how can F fill at the same time as L? That's more mysterious.The pipe from L to F is three times the length of the pipe from J to L. Meanwhile, in the situation shown here, the head from J to L is about double the head from L to F.So by the Hagen Pousseville equation again, the flow rate from L to F should be about two thirds of the flow rate from J to L in this situation where J is half full and both L and F are almost full.So you expect L to fill faster than F.So, I don’t think they can get into this situation at all, with a steady flow into L. There must be something going on that doesn’t fit our assumptions of laminar flow, or something else such as a bubble forming.Let’s look at what lead up to this. If you look at the video, L fills faster than F to start with, keeping nearly the same head from L to F as from J to L.L is clearly filling faster than F and is on track to beat it. There is no sign of any bubbles in the inlet to L.But then a little while later you get this (25 seconds in)Now F is filling faster than J. Something has happened to reduce the flow rate into L, which then permits the two levels between L and F to equalize.But the head going into L hasn’t changed. Also the input pipe to L is full and there are no bubbles. I think the only possible answer is turbulence.You can see waves forming in J so maybe that means there’s a bit of turbulence impeding the flow from J to L, especially since the water level for J is exactly at the level for the outlet to L. What are your thoughts?This is what happened with a moderately fast flow rate:Here is the video starting at that point.All of A, B, C, J, L and F are just about full. B, L and F started to overflow first and I think L just about beat the other two though it was almost simultaneous. In this frame you can see L just about to overflow and the other two though they have the water raised above the level of the top, haven’t yet actually started to flow down the side.So how do we understand that as a possible state in terms of the flow rates? Back to our diagram againWith A, B, C, J, L and F all filled, then A to B to C to J all have the same length of pipe and same head (height difference of the water in the tanks above inlet and outlet) so have the same flow rate. J to L has around 2.5 times the head of C to J, and the pipe is around 2.5 times the length, so the flow out of J is about the same as the flow into it, and the difference in head between the top of J and the outlet to I is small. From L to F, the difference in head is about the same as for C to J (which we already know is about the same as the flow from J to L) but the pipe is far longer, so L shouldn’t be able to empty as fast as it fills, and the water flows out of J faster than it flows out of L, so L should fill before J.From L to F, the difference in head is about the same as for C to J but the pipe is far longer, so L shouldn’t be able to empty as fast as it fills, so it should fill long before J fills,So if the flow rate is high enough for J to fill like this, L should fill before J and F doesn’t get a look in.So how could it happen? Well it could be the bubble from J to L, slows down the flow out of J so that J fills first before L.As for F filling, how did that happen? Let’s look at it again:The head from J to L is far higher than from L to F and the pipe is shorter, so the flow into L should be a lot more than the flow out of L to F. So it seems impossible for F to fill like this. It's not the bubble - the two tanks fill up reasonably steadily at the same rate. You can watch the video at quarter speed to check. Click the Settings icon in the lower-right corner, then click the Speed selector.Perhaps at this flow rate, its the double kink in the pipe from J to L causing more turbulence and so slowing down the input to L? What do you think? That could also help explain why J fills at this flow rate, if the pipe from J to L, has a slower flow rate than you’d expect from its length and head. What do you think? Do say in the comments.Even K can fill, though it is pretty hard to do. This is with a very strong flow into A, and several of the others have been overflowing for some time. They have turned off the inlet pipe at this point.Amusingly, in the real world, E ends up half full too after some time of running it at a high flow rate with the water overflowing from A.Here is the complete videoSo far the only confirmed alternatives to F are A (obviously) and L (pretty sure it wins at the moderate flow rate).That’s just a start. There are many other things to tryVarying flow rate. Can you get, J, say, to fill first or even K by turning the flow rate up and down at critical points during the filling process? This could cause bubbles to form, as well as adjust the heads of the various tanks.What happens if you scale the whole model up, or scale it down to a very small size? Scaling it down could make the flow rates out of some of the pipes very slow. It could also mean that bubbles like the one from J to L take a long time to disperse too. Scaling up could lead to more possibility of turbulent flow through the pipes.Try adding sugar for viscosityWhat if it is really hot, and you use a slow flow rate so that the water evaporates quickly?What if it is really cold so that the water freezes? That would seem to be a way to fill even B first, if the water freezes by the time it gets to B to C but remains unfrozen as far as the flow from A to B.NOTEIf you see anything in this to correct, however small or important it is, please either suggest an edit for my answer or say in a comment. Thanks!

What's a hobby that is fun and can make you money?I know others have answered the same thing, but I would like to give my two cents, photography is a great hobby that can make money.I began with a cheap Olympus SLR camera and my goal was to be able to take pictures of lightning. I took a quick 4 hour class at our local junior college to learn the very minimum of basics and started playing around with taking photos of my family, the sunset, the moon, etc…A friend of ours owned a small bar/dance hall and I would take my camera and take photos of people dancing and go around from table to table and asking people if they wanted their photo taken and I would upload them to a slide show that would play on the wall. It became a beloved feature and many asked to buy the photos. I sold them a 4x6 for $5, not really a money maker, but it was a lot of fun.Close family friends started asking me to take their family or senior photos. Since I wasn’t a polished professional, I didn’t charge them, it was just a favor I was doing for people that had not money. Shot a few weddings for friends with no funds and took classes here and there.I now do photos basically to help pay for new equipment. When I want a new lens, I just throw a shout out on facebook to see if someone would like family photos and voila! new lens. I have a regular job, so I don’t count on photography to pay for anything but more opportunities. I donate lots of photo shoots for charity, it doesn’t cost me anything but a couple of hours of shooting and editing.The great thing about photography is the more you do it, the better you get. My editing skill have also grown and the ability to see the shot before I take it have made the photos much better. (I cringe at my early work, but that is they way any art goes, it improves with experience). As a free lance photographer, you can work as much or as little as you like and you set your prices, hours and what jobs you will accept.Thanks for A2A.

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