Contract to Sell Sample 2011-2025 Form

A2AHii, I have taken three attempts at Civil Services Exam and all with law optional. I had scored 290 marks in Law in CSE 2017 which was a very good score considering the performance of law optional last year. I will try to comprehensively cover my approach for Law in this answer.Before starting, I would like to talk about the syllabus especially for the beginners (Please read the syllabus again and again and try to stick to heads mentioned in the syllabus because as such Law optional is very wide and cannot be completed if one attempts it without setting any boundary):Paper 1 - Constitution, Administrative Law, International LawPaper 2 - Law of Torts, IPC, Law of Contracts, NI Act, Partnership Act, Sale of Goods Act, Contemporary Legal Developments including environmental law.Paper 1 is relatively general in nature where you can afford to write answers without writing exact articles (though not recommended) but Paper 2 is hard core law where the space to fill answers with general provisions is limited. In Paper 2, you need to quote specific articles/sections with case laws to support your answers.Materials referred for various topics:Paper 1:Constitution-Constitution and Constitutionalism: The distinctive features of the Constitution. — A K Jain DukkiFundamental rights - Public interest litigation; Legal Aid; Legal services authority. — JN Pandey and AK Jain DukkiRelationship between fundamental rights, directive principles and fundamental duties. — DukkiConstitutional position of the President and relation with the Council of Ministers. — PandeyGovernor and his powers. — PandeySupreme Court and High Courts: (a) Appointments and transfer. (b) Powers, functions and jurisdiction. — DukkiCentre, States and local bodies: (a) Distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States. (b) Local bodies. (c) Administrative relationship among Union, State and Local Bodies. (d) Eminent domain - State property - common property - community property. — Pandey and DukkiLegislative powers, privileges and immunities. — Made notes from internetServices under the Union and the States: Pandey(a) Recruitment and conditions of services; Constitutional safeguards; Administrative tribunals. — Pandey(b) Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions - Power and functions. — Bare Act(c) Election Commission - Power and functions. — Pandey10. Emergency provisions. — Pandey and Dukki11. Amendment of the Constitution. — Internet and Dukki12. Principles of natural justice - Emerging trends and judicial approach.13. Delegated legislation and its constitutionality.14. Separation of powers and constitutional governance.15. Judicial review of administrative action.For 12–15, I would recommend reading question and answers given at the back of each chapter of AK Jain Dukki of administrative law. Read this part because 20–30 marks comes from this every year and content to be read is short and easy.16. Ombudsman: Lokayukta, Lokpal etc — Didn’t readInternational Law-Nature and definition of international law. — Ak Jain DukkiRelationship between international law and municipal law. — AK Jain DukkiState recognition — Dukki and state succession — KapoorLaw of the sea: Inland waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone, high seas. — DukkiIndividuals: Nationality, statelessness; Human rights and procedures available for their enforcement. — KapoorTerritorial jurisdiction of States, extradition and asylum. — Dukki and KapoorTreaties: Formation, application, termination and reservation. — Dukki and KapoorUnited Nations: Its principal organs, powers, functions and reform. — DukkiPeaceful settlement of disputes - different modes. — KapoorLawful recourse to force: aggression, self-defense, intervention — Dukki and KapoorFundamental principles of international humanitarian law - International conventions and contemporary developments. — Internet Read last year questions like difference between IHL and human rights and basic principles of IHL, also about various Geneva Conventions and Hague conventionLegality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear - non-proliferation treaty, CTBT. — Kapoor and read from internetInternational terrorism, state sponsored terrorism, hijacking, international criminal court— Kapoor and internetNew international economic order and monetary law: WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF, World Bank. — Internet and last year questionsProtection and improvement of the human environment: International efforts — I read only Stockholm Declaration and Paris treaty 2015Paper 2:Law of CrimesGeneral principles of criminal liability: Mens rea and actus reus, mens rea in statutory offences. —Gaur and internetKinds of punishment and emerging trends as to abolition of capital punishment. — Gaur and internetPreparation and criminal attempt.General exceptions.Joint and constructive liability.Abetment.Criminal conspiracy.Offences against the State.Offences against public tranquility.Offences against human body.Offences against property.Offences against women.Defamation.For 3–13, I had some notes which i used to read along with bare act. Bare act is must as i used to write provisions directly from bare act with minimum distortions in the language of sections.14. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. — Just read sec 13(1)(d) from internet and Prevention of Corruption Amendment bill 201715. Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955 and subsequent legislative developments. Plea bargaining. — InternetLaw of TortsNature and definition.Liability based upon fault and strict liability; Absolute liability.Vicarious liability including State liability.General defences.Joint tort feasors.Remedies.Negligence.Defamation.Nuisance.Conspiracy.False imprisonment.Malicious prosecution.Read Bangia for 1–12. It is more than sufficient.13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986. — Google things like provisions of CPA 1986, amendment in 2002, three-tier structure in CPA, remedies provided in CPA, problems in CPA, Amendment bill 2018 etc.Law of Contracts and Mercantile LawNature and formation of contract/Econtract.Factors vitiating free consent.Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.Performance and discharge of contracts.Quasi- Contracts.Consequences of bsignNow of contract.Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance.Contract of agency.Standard form contracts.Read Bangia for 1–9 topics. It is more than sufficient.10. Sale of goods and hire purchase. — I read from notes and bare act, you can refer AK Jain Dukki along with bare act.11. Formation and dissolution of partnership. — I read from notes and bare act, you can refer AK Jain Dukki along with bare act.12. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. — I read from notes and bare act, you can refer AK Jain Dukki along with bare act.13. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. — Read only section 7 i.e arbitration agreementContemporary Legal DevelopmentsPublic Interest Litigation. — AK Jain dukki on ConstitutionIntellectual property rights - Concept, types/prospects. — Read about Copyright Act, Patent act 1971 and its amendment in 2008, also about evergreening of patents, compulsory licensing, change in inventive step, what is invention and what isn’t, data exclusivity and patent term extensions, GI tag, trademark etcInformation Technology Law including Cyber Laws - Concept, purpose/prospects. — read PRS for IT Act 2000 and amendment in 2008Competition Law- Concept, purpose/ prospects. — didn’t readAlternate Dispute Resolution - Concept, types/prospects. — Google ADR, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, Lok adalats, legal aid, their benefits and shortcomings.Major statutes concerning environmental law. — didn’t readRight to Information Act. — Didn’t readTrial by media. — google and AK Jain dukki chapter on FR (under article 19)For CLD, try to google previous years questions.How to cover syllabus?As such syllabus is huge and you cannot cover each and every topic multiple times, so try to locate important topics in every area which you must revise in every reading. For example—Constitution:Position of President and GovernorPrinciple of natural justice and administrative discretion and delegated legislationPresident’s ruleAmendment to the constitutionPILRelationship between FR and DPSPDoctrines like pith and substance, colorable legislation etc.International Law:Nature, basis and source of ILRelationship between international law and municipal law.status of individualsrecognitionUNUNCLOS 1982peaceful settlement of disputesLaw of Torts:NegligenceDefamationVicarious liabiltyIPC:General exceptions particularly private defenceSec 299 and 300Sec 378, 383 and 390Plea bargainingContract:Sec 2, 6, 7, 8Sec 10–25Sec 27, 28Sec 39, 55, 56Sec 68–72Sec 73, 74Position of minorStandard form contractDiff between Contract of indemnity and guaranteeDischarge of suretyTypes of agencyRatificationAgent personally liablerevocation of agencyNI Act:Sec 4,5,6,10,14,15,16,,47,48,50Holder and Holder in due course— 8,9,20,36,42,46,53,58,118,120,121,122Dishonour of cheque- Sec 130Material alternation -87,20,49,125Difference between assignment and negotiationSale of Goods Act:Conditions and warrantiesPassing of riskNemo dat quod non habetRights of unpaid sellerSec 4,7,8,12–24, 26–30,45,46,47,49,50,54Difference between sale and hire purchasePartnership Act:Sec 4,5,6,18,25,28,30,39–47,49,51,52,53,54,69acid test of partnershipPosition of minorHolding OutDissolution of FirmEffect of registrationQuestion Prediction: foresight of a reasonable man-In CSE 2018, I had predicted around 150 marks out 500. It is very important to predict questions as you can improve your answer quality because you don't have to think at the very moment and also you save some time for other questions.You need to see the syllabus again and again to predict questions for example-Services under the Union and the States: (a) Recruitment and conditions of services; Constitutional safeguards; Administrative tribunals. (b) Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions - Power and functions (c) Election Commission - Power and functions.The above heading has three topics, out of which UPSC had asked two in the previous two years so it was quite predictable that a question on Art 310 and 311 would be there in CSE 2018.Likewise in IL, Continental shelf question time was predictable and next time there can be a question on innocent passage or right to hot pursuit, piracy.Also, keep an eye on recent international developments like Nuclear treaty 2017 which was asked in CSE 2017.Similarly, standard form contracts was very much predictable this time.So basically you need to see last 3–4 years question papers of law to predict topics for next CSE .How to write answers?My approach would differ upon the space provided. If it is a 10 marker, i would try to stick to the theme of the question but if it is a 20 marker then i would try to locate the broad topic in which the question would fall and try to write as much as possible in the direction of the question.I frequently use maxims like Lex non cogit ad impossibilia for Sec 56 ICA 1872 or nudo pacto non oritur actio for sec 25, doli incapax, salus populi est suprema lex etc etc. I would leave no chance of writing maxims.Further, I always write the essentials of an offence, tort, or any section of any act. This shows that the writer has the basic knowledge required.I try to write conclusion as per the demand of question and not general conclusion.Prepare case laws for all the important topics particularly which are mentioned in the syllabus.You can see the checked copy of my only test which i wrote last year.Download File.pdfPS: I am endorsing any coaching centre.

Years ago I worked at document management company.  There is cool software that can automate aspects of hand-written forms.  We had an airport as a customer - they scanned plenty and (as I said before) this was several years ago...On your airport customs forms, the "boxes" that you 'need' to write on - are basically invisible to the scanner - but are used because then us humans will tend to write neater and clearer which make sit easier to recognize with a computer.  Any characters with less than X% accuracy based on a recognition engine are flagged and shown as an image zoomed into the particular character so a human operator can then say "that is an "A".   This way, you can rapidly go through most forms and output it to say - an SQL database, complete with link to original image of the form you filled in.If you see "black boxes" at three corners of the document - it is likely set up for scanning (they help to identify and orient the page digitally).  If there is a unique barcode on the document somewhere I would theorize there is an even higher likelihood of it being scanned - the document is of enough value to be printed individually which costs more, which means it is likely going to be used on the capture side.   (I've noticed in the past in Bahamas and some other Caribbean islands they use these sorts of capture mechanisms, but they have far fewer people entering than the US does everyday)The real answer is: it depends.  Depending on each country and its policies and procedures.  Generally I would be surprised if they scanned and held onto the paper.   In the US, they proably file those for a set period of time then destroy them, perhaps mining them for some data about travellers. In the end,  I suspect the "paper-to-data capture" likelihood of customs forms ranges somewhere on a spectrum like this:Third world Customs Guy has paper to show he did his job, paper gets thrown out at end of shift. ------>  We keep all the papers! everything is scanned as you pass by customs and unique barcodes identify which flight/gate/area the form was handed out at, so we co-ordinate with cameras in the airport and have captured your image.  We also know exactly how much vodka you brought into the country. :)

NOOOOOOO. You are talking to a military romance scammer. I received an email from the US Army that directly answers your question that is pasted below please keep reading.I believe you are the victim of a military Romance Scam whereas the person you are talking to is a foreign national posing as an American Soldier claiming to be stationed overseas on a peacekeeping mission. That's the key to the scam they always claim to be on a peacekeeping mission.Part of their scam is saying that they have no access to their money that their mission is highly dangerous.If your boyfriend girlfriend/future husband/wife is asking you to do the following or has exhibited this behavior, it is a most likely a scam:Moves to private messaging site immediately after meeting you on Facebook or SnapChat or Instagram or some dating or social media site. Often times they delete the site you met them on right after they asked you to move to a more private messaging siteProfesses love to you very quickly & seems to quote poems and song lyrics along with using their own sort of broken language, as they profess their love and devotion quickly. They also showed concern for your health and love for your family.Promises marriage as soon as he/she gets to state for leave that they asked you to pay for.They Requests money (wire transfers) and Amazon, iTune ,Verizon, etc gift cards, for medicine, religious practices, and leaves to come home, internet access, complete job assignments, help sick friend, get him out of trouble, or anything that sounds fishy.The military does provide all the soldier needs including food medical Care and transportation for leave. Trust me, I lived it, you are probably being scammed. I am just trying to show you examples that you are most likely being connned.Below is an email response I received after I sent an inquiry to the US government when I discovered I was scammed. I received this wonderful response back with lots of useful links on how to find and report your scammer. And how to learn more about Romance Scams.Right now you can also copy the picture he gave you and do a google image search and you will hopefully see the pictures of the real person he is impersonating. this doesn't always work and take some digging. if you find the real person you can direct message them and alert them that their image is being used for scamming.Good Luck to you and I'm sorry this may be happening to you. please continue reading the government response I received below it's very informative.   You have contacted an email that is monitored by the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command. Unfortunately, this is a common concern. We assure you there is never any reason to send money to anyone claiming to be a Soldier online. If you have only spoken with this person online, it is likely they are not a U.S. Soldier at all. If this is a suspected imposter social media profile, we urge you to report it to that platform as soon as possible. Please continue reading for more resources and answers to other frequently asked questions:  How to report an imposter Facebook profile: Caution-https://www.facebook.com/help/16... < Caution-https://www.facebook.com/help/16... >   Answers to frequently asked questions:  - Soldiers and their loved ones are not charged money so that the Soldier can go on leave.  - Soldiers are not charged money for secure communications or leave.  - Soldiers do not need permission to get married.  - Soldiers emails are in this format: john.doe.mil@mail.mil < Caution-mailto: john.doe.mil@mail.mil > anything ending in .us or .com is not an official email account.  - Soldiers have medical insurance, which pays for their medical costs when treated at civilian health care facilities worldwide – family and friends do not need to pay their medical expenses.  - Military aircraft are not used to transport Privately Owned Vehicles.  - Army financial offices are not used to help Soldiers buy or sell items of any kind.  - Soldiers deployed to Combat Zones do not need to solicit money from the public to feed or house themselves or their troops.  - Deployed Soldiers do not find large unclaimed sums of money and need your help to get that money out of the country.  Anyone who tells you one of the above-listed conditions/circumstances is true is likely posing as a Soldier and trying to steal money from you.  We would urge you to immediately cease all contact with this individual.  For more information on avoiding online scams and to report this crime, please see the following sites and articles:   This article may help clarify some of the tricks social media scammers try to use to take advantage of people: Caution-https://www.army.mil/article/61432/< Caution-https://www.army.mil/article/61432/>   CID advises vigilance against 'romance scams,' scammers impersonating Soldiers  Caution-https://www.army.mil/article/180749 < Caution-https://www.army.mil/article/180749 >   FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center: Caution-http://www.ic3.gov/default.aspx< Caution-http://www.ic3.gov/default.aspx>   U.S. Army investigators warn public against romance scams: Caution-https://www.army.mil/article/130...< Caution-https://www.army.mil/article/130...>   DOD warns troops, families to be cybercrime smart -Caution-http://www.army.mil/article/1450...< Caution-http://www.army.mil/article/1450...>   Use caution with social networking  Caution-https://www.army.mil/article/146...< Caution-https://www.army.mil/article/146...>    Please see our frequently asked questions section under scams and legal issues. Caution-http://www.army.mil/faq/ < Caution-http://www.army.mil/faq/ > or visit Caution-http://www.cid.army.mil/ < Caution-http://www.cid.army.mil/ >.  The challenge with most scams is determining if an individual is a legitimate member of the US Army. Based on the Privacy Act of 1974, we cannot provide this information. If concerned about a scam you may contact the Better Business Bureau (if it involves a solicitation for money), or local law enforcement. If you're involved in a Facebook or dating site scam, you are free to contact us direct; (571) 305-4056.   If you have a social security number, you can find information about Soldiers online at Caution-https://www.dmdc.osd.mil/appj/sc... < Caution-https://www.dmdc.osd.mil/appj/sc... > . While this is a free search, it does not help you locate a retiree, but it can tell you if the Soldier is active duty or not.  If more information is needed such as current duty station or location, you can contact the Commander Soldier's Records Data Center (SRDC) by phone or mail and they will help you locate individuals on active duty only, not retirees. There is a fee of $3.50 for businesses to use this service. The check or money order must be made out to the U.S. Treasury. It is not refundable. The address is:  Commander Soldier's Records Data Center (SRDC) 8899 East 56th Street Indianapolis, IN 46249-5301 Phone: 1-866-771-6357  In addition, it is not possible to remove social networking site profiles without legitimate proof of identity theft or a scam. If you suspect fraud on this site, take a screenshot of any advances for money or impersonations and report the account on the social networking platform immediately.  Please submit all information you have on this incident to Caution-www.ic3.gov < Caution-http://www.ic3.gov > (FBI website, Internet Criminal Complaint Center), immediately stop contact with the scammer (you are potentially providing them more information which can be used to scam you), and learn how to protect yourself against these scams at Caution-http://www.ftc.gov < Caution-http://www.ftc.gov > (Federal Trade Commission's website)

It depends on why the parties didn’t close the transaction. You would need to describe the sequence of events or reason why it evolved this way.Example 1: Let’s say the buyer’s lender needed additional time to get the loan documents into escrow and the loan funded (an avoidable issue but one which occurs quite often). Without the loan docs to sign, the closing gets delayed. The seller needed the funds on time to close on the purchase of their next home on time, so now we’ve got one very upset seller!This would be a bsignNow by the buyer. The seller can sign quickly just after the buyer does, so they wait for confirmation that the loan docs are received, etc. In this case, neither party has signed but it’s the buyer’s fault.Example 2: Let’s say the buyer is ready to sign the loan documents but the lender requires a particular document signed by the seller. The seller is scheduled to sign their papers on Thursday afternoon and closing (title transfer to the buyer) is set for the following day, Friday afternoon*. The buyer has movers and everything set to move-in Friday evening.Unfortunately, the seller misses the bus to the signing appointment and cannot get to the escrow office before it closes on Thursday. The seller reschedules to sign on Friday, but the buyer is not available to sign the loan docs on Friday, so the closing slips to the following week. It turns out that Monday is a holiday, so the closing gets delayed until Tuesday (at the earliest). Uh oh…The buyer loses their appointment with the moving company, they have to cancel all the friends who were going to help, and the buyer is leaving on Tuesday for a business trip, so a bad situation is getting worse. We’ve got one very upset buyer who now wants compensation.This would be a bsignNow by the seller. In this case, neither party has signed but it’s the seller’s fault.And, yes, stuff like this does happen. After you’ve been a broker for 20+ years, you have a few stories to tell.*Assume that we table fund Friday morning and record special Friday afternoon. It happens.Note: the answer by Robert Flynn misunderstands the question: the Purchase/Sale Agreement has been signed and is executory. The poster said the final closing papers (loan, deed of trust, etc.) were yet to be signed. Big difference.

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