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Convertible Note and NPA Agreement

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CONVERTIBLE NOTE AND NPA AGREEMENT

THIS CONVERTIBLE NOTE AND NOTE PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this Agreement) is made as of by and between Issuer Name: , an entity organized under the laws of (Entity type: Corporation LLC Other), with principal place of business at (Issuer), and Investor Name: , with principal place of business at (Investor). Issuer and Investor are each a Party and collectively the Parties.

RECITALS

WHEREAS, Issuer desires to issue and sell to Investor, and Investor desires to purchase from Issuer, a convertible promissory note in the principal amount set forth below, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Note;

WHEREAS, the Parties intend that the indebtedness evidenced by the Note shall be convertible into equity of the Issuer upon the occurrence of certain financing events, and that the issuance and sale of the Note shall be governed by the purchase provisions contained in this Agreement (the Note Purchase Agreement or NPA);

WHEREAS, the Parties desire to set forth the terms on which the Note will be issued, the circumstances and mechanics of conversion, and the representations, warranties, covenants, defaults and remedies applicable to the Parties.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the Parties agree as follows:

1. DEFINITIONS

1.1 Defined Terms. For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

"Note" means the Convertible Promissory Note issued by Issuer to Investor in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, evidencing the indebtedness described herein.

"Qualified Financing" means an equity financing of the Issuer pursuant to which gross proceeds to the Issuer equal or exceed (the Qualified Financing Threshold), subject to adjustment as set forth herein.

"Conversion Price" means the per share price at which the Note converts pursuant to Section 4, determined in accordance with the discount or valuation cap set forth by the Parties.

2. ISSUANCE AND PURCHASE

2.1 Purchase and Sale. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Investor agrees to purchase and Issuer agrees to issue the Note in the principal amount of (Principal Amount) for an aggregate purchase price of (Purchase Price) at the Closing.

2.2 Closing. The Closing shall occur on the Effective Date or at such other time as the Parties may mutually agree. At the Closing, Investor shall deliver the Purchase Price by wire transfer or other immediately available funds and Issuer shall deliver the Note duly executed.

3. PRINCIPAL, INTEREST AND MATURITY

3.1 Interest. The Note shall accrue interest at a rate of per annum, compounded annually, from the Issuance Date until conversion or payment in full.

3.2 Maturity. Unless earlier converted pursuant to Section 4, the entire unpaid principal and accrued but unpaid interest shall be due and payable on (Maturity Date).

4. CONVERSION

4.1 Conversion on Qualified Financing. Upon the closing of a Qualified Financing, the outstanding principal and accrued interest under the Note shall automatically convert into the equity securities issued in such Qualified Financing at a conversion price equal to the lesser of (a) eighty percent (80%) of the price per share paid by the investors in the Qualified Financing (Discount Rate: ), and (b) the price per share implied by a pre-money valuation cap of (Valuation Cap), as adjusted for stock splits, combinations and similar events.

4.2 Conversion at Maturity. At the option of the Investor, any outstanding principal and accrued interest may be converted at the Maturity Date into the Issuer's equity at a conversion price computed using the Discount Rate or Valuation Cap, as applicable, provided Investor gives written notice to Issuer at least ten (10) days prior to the Maturity Date.

4.3 Mechanics of Conversion. Upon conversion, Issuer shall issue to Investor, and Investor shall accept, a certificate or evidence of issuance for the number of shares equal to the quotient of (x) the outstanding principal and accrued interest under the Note divided by (y) the Conversion Price, rounded down to the nearest whole share. Issuer shall deliver such shares within five (5) business days following conversion, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws.

5. PREPAYMENT; RESTRICTIONS

5.1 No Prepayment. Except with the written consent of Investor, Issuer shall not prepay the Note in whole or in part prior to conversion or Maturity.

5.2 Transfer Restrictions. Investor may not transfer the Note or any rights hereunder except in compliance with applicable securities laws and the Issuer's governing documents and only upon prior written consent of Issuer, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, provided that transfers to affiliates or permitted transferees shall be allowed.

6. EVENTS OF DEFAULT; REMEDIES

6.1 Events of Default. The occurrence of any of the following shall constitute an Event of Default: (a) Issuer's failure to pay any principal or interest when due (subject to any grace period set forth in the Note); (b) Issuer's breach of any material covenant or representation hereunder which is not cured within thirty (30) days after written notice; (c) Issuer's insolvency, bankruptcy filing or appointment of a receiver; or (d) any material adverse change in Issuer's business or capitalization that would reasonably be expected to prevent conversion.

6.2 Remedies. Upon an Event of Default, Investor may (i) accelerate the Note and declare all amounts immediately due and payable, (ii) seek specific performance, injunctive or other equitable relief, and (iii) exercise any other remedies available at law or in equity; provided, however, that Investor's election of one remedy shall not preclude election of another.

7. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

7.1 Issuer Representations. Issuer represents and warrants to Investor that: (a) Issuer is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the state of its organization and has full corporate power and authority to enter into and perform this Agreement and to issue the Note; (b) this Agreement and the Note, when executed and delivered by Issuer, will constitute valid and binding obligations of Issuer enforceable in accordance with their terms except as limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization and similar laws of general application; (c) the issuance of the Note is duly authorized and, when issued in accordance with the terms hereof, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

7.2 Investor Representations. Investor represents and warrants to Issuer that: (a) Investor has full power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement; (b) Investor is acquiring the Note for investment for its own account and not with a view to distribution or resale in violation of applicable securities laws; and (c) Investor acknowledges and accepts the risks of investment in Issuer, including loss of investment and illiquidity.

8. COVENANTS

8.1 Conduct of Business. From the date hereof until conversion or repayment of the Note, Issuer shall carry on its business in the ordinary course and shall not merge, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of its assets, or enter into any material transaction outside the ordinary course without the prior written consent of Investor.

8.2 Information Rights. Issuer shall deliver to Investor annual financial statements within 120 days after fiscal year-end and quarterly unaudited financial statements within 45 days after each fiscal quarter end, or such other information as reasonably requested by Investor.

9. NOTE PURCHASE AGREEMENT PROVISIONS

9.1 Conditions Precedent to Closing. The obligations of Investor to close the purchase of the Note are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary conditions precedent including, without limitation, (a) accuracy of representations and warranties of Issuer as of the Closing, (b) delivery of the Note, and (c) the absence of any injunction or legal restraint preventing issuance of the Note.

9.2 Use of Proceeds. Issuer shall use the net proceeds from the Purchase Price for general corporate purposes consistent with the business plan delivered to Investor, and shall not use such proceeds for any unlawful purpose.

10. NOTICES

10.1 Manner of Notices. All notices or other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given when delivered personally, by nationally recognized overnight courier, by electronic mail (with confirmation), or three (3) business days after deposit in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the Party to be notified at its address set forth in this Agreement or at such other address as such Party shall have specified by notice to the other.

11. AMENDMENTS; WAIVER; COUNTERPARTS

11.1 Amendments and Waivers. Any term of this Agreement may be amended or waived only with the written consent of Issuer and Investor. No failure or delay by a Party in exercising any right shall operate as a waiver of that right.

11.2 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Signatures delivered by electronic transmission shall be effective as originals.

12. GOVERNING LAW; MISCELLANEOUS

12.1 Governing Law. This Agreement and the Note shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the state of without regard to any choice-of-law principles.

12.2 Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with the Note and any exhibits or schedules hereto, constitutes the entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings and negotiations, whether oral or written.

12.3 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable, such provision shall be modified to the extent necessary to make it enforceable and the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect.

12.4 Assignment. Neither Party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other Party, except that Investor may assign all or a portion of its rights to an affiliate or permitted transferee without Issuer's consent.

13. ADDITIONAL TERMS

REPRESENTATIONS CONCERNING SECURITIES LAW COMPLIANCE

Investor certifies that it is an accredited investor or otherwise has the knowledge and experience in financial and business matters to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of investment in Issuer and acknowledges that Issuer is relying upon such representation in consummating the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

SCHEDULE OF EXHIBITS

Issuer:

Party Label:

By:

Date:

Investor:

Party Label:

By:

Date:

Enter text✕

What the Convertible Note and NPA Agreement Covers

A Convertible Note and Note Purchase Agreement (NPA) documents a loan to a company that can convert into equity under pre‑agreed terms. It combines a promissory note (principal, interest, maturity) with a purchase agreement describing purchase mechanics, conversion triggers, valuation cap or discount, investor rights, and covenant language. These agreements are common in early‑stage financings where parties defer equity valuation, and they allocate risk, payment priority, and governance provisions between issuer and investor. Electronic execution is generally valid under federal and state e‑signature laws.

Why parties choose a combined Convertible Note and NPA

A single convertible note with an NPA clarifies repayment, conversion mechanics, and investor protections while avoiding immediate equity dilution.

Why parties choose a combined Convertible Note and NPA

Who typically completes this agreement

Execution and recordkeeping are usually coordinated by counsel or the company’s finance team to ensure enforceability and compliance.

  • Founders and issuers: negotiate terms, provide financial disclosures, and sign as the borrowing entity.
  • Investors and funds: review conversion mechanics, protective provisions, and sign as purchasers.
  • Counsel and corporate secretaries: prepare exhibits, confirm authority, and manage closing logistics.

Core sections to expect in a professional Convertible Note and NPA

A complete document organizes economic, conversion, and protective provisions so both parties understand payment obligations, conversion events, and remedies.

Principal & Interest

Specifies loan amount, interest accrual method, compounding, and whether interest converts to equity on conversion events.

Conversion Mechanics

Defines automatic and optional conversion triggers, conversion price formula, discount rates, and cap interactions.

Valuation Cap / Discount

Sets a cap on conversion price or a discount to the next round’s price to protect early investors from dilution.

Investor Rights

Describes information rights, pro rata purchase rights, and any board observation or consent rights during the note term.

Events of Default

Lists defaults (nonpayment, insolvency, breach), remedies (acceleration, fees), and cure periods where applicable.

Representations & Warranties

Issuer and investor statements about authority, capitalization, compliance, and enforceability to reduce later disputes.

Step-by-step: completing and executing the agreement

Follow these steps to prepare, review, and finalize a convertible note with an accompanying purchase agreement.

  • 01
    Draft Terms: Assemble economic terms, cap/discount, and conversion triggers in clear language.
  • 02
    Legal Review: Have counsel verify enforceability, tax implications, and investor protections.
  • 03
    Sign & Fund: Execute signatures and transfer funds per wiring or escrow instructions.
  • 04
    Recordkeeping: Distribute signed copies, update capitalization tables, and retain originals securely.

How execution and conversion typically proceed

Execution is followed by funding and later conversion upon a defined qualifying financing or maturity; the flow below summarizes common steps.

  • Negotiation: Parties agree on principal, cap, discount, and covenants.
  • Execution: Signers execute the note and NPA; funds are delivered.
  • Qualifying Round: Specified financing event triggers automatic or optional conversion.
  • Conversion: Notes convert into equity at the agreed formula; records updated.

Digital workflow settings to use when eSigning

Configure authentication, signing order, and retention settings to match legal and internal control requirements.

Field Configuration
Signer Authentication Email link or SMS code; use stronger methods for investor identity verification.
Signing Order Set sequential signing so issuer signs after investor or vice versa as agreed.
Reminders Automated reminders set at 3 and 7 days for pending signatures.
Retention Format Export final executed PDF/A with audit trail for long‑term storage.

Technical considerations for electronic completion

Match technical controls to legal needs (audit trail, retention, authentication) and the organization’s compliance obligations.

  • File Formats: Use PDF or DOCX to preserve layout and permit secure signing.
  • Integrations: Connect to systems like Salesforce or NetSuite for record updates.
  • Authentication: Choose SMS, email, or stronger methods for investor verification.

Essential information fields to collect

Issuer Name: Full legal entity
Investor Name: Full legal entity
Principal Amount: USD amount
Interest Rate: Percentage per annum
Maturity Date: MM/DD/YYYY
Governing Law: Selected state statute

Practical tips to reduce disputes and ensure enforceability

Adopt consistent drafting, clear numeric formulas, and documented authority for signers to limit ambiguity and downstream litigation risk.

Use precise formulas
Express conversion price and cap in mathematical terms to avoid interpretive disputes and costly litigation.
Confirm signatory authority
Attach corporate resolutions or officer certificates showing authority to execute for the entity.
Document payments
Record wire confirmations and escrow receipts to prove funding and avoid default claims.
Keep cap table updated
Update capitalization schedules immediately after conversion to reflect accurate ownership.

Common preparation and execution pitfalls

  • Ambiguous conversion language that omits interaction rules for cap and discount, leading to conflicting interpretations and investor disputes.
  • Failing to verify signatory authority or corporate approvals, which can render the agreement voidable or delay closings.
  • Missing or inconsistent dates and amounts between the note and the purchase agreement, creating enforceability and accounting problems.
  • Neglecting to address tax reporting or backup withholding triggers, which can result in penalties and withholding obligations.

Risks and potential legal consequences

Enforceability Risk: Ambiguities can lead to invalid conversion or litigation
Tax Exposure: Improper reporting may trigger IRS penalties or withholding
Dilution Disputes: Incorrect cap/discount calculations produce ownership conflicts
Default Acceleration: Missed payments can accelerate repayment obligations
Notary/Omission Issues: Missing acknowledgements can complicate certain filings
Data Security: Poor storage may breach confidentiality or regulatory rules

eSignature vendor comparison for signing and managing notes

Compare core pricing and capabilities when selecting an eSignature provider for executing Convertible Note and NPA agreements.

signNow DocuSign Adobe Sign PandaDoc HelloSign
Starting Price $8/user/mo $15/user/mo $14/user/mo $19/user/mo $15/user/mo
Free Trial 7-day trial Varies Varies Varies Varies
Bulk Send Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Audit Trail Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
HIPAA Compliant Yes Yes Yes No No

Frequently asked questions about signing and enforcing these agreements

Answers to common execution, enforceability, and recordkeeping questions for Convertible Note and NPA agreements in the U.S.


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