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NEM Power Purchase Agreement

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NEM POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT

This Net Energy Metering Power Purchase Agreement (the Agreement) is entered into as of by and between Seller: , a , with principal place of business at ; and Buyer: , a , with principal place of business at .

RECITALS

WHEREAS, Seller develops, installs, owns and operates a solar electric generation facility to be located at the Site described below that will deliver electrical energy to the Buyer under Net Energy Metering (NEM) rules; and

WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase from Seller, and Seller desires to sell to Buyer, all Delivered Energy generated by the Facility for the Term established herein, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

WHEREAS, the parties intend that the Facility will be interconnected with the distribution system and participate in applicable NEM programs in the utility service territory in which the Site is located.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein, the parties agree as follows:

1. DEFINITIONS

1.1 "Agreement" means this NEM Power Purchase Agreement, including all schedules and exhibits. 1.2 "Buyer" and "Seller" have the meanings stated in the introductory paragraph. 1.3 "Site" means the real property at on which the Facility will be located. 1.4 "Facility" means the solar electric generation system of approximate nameplate capacity . 1.5 "Commercial Operation Date" means , the date on which the Facility commences commercial operation in accordance with Section 4.

2. SALE AND PURCHASE OF DELIVERED ENERGY

2.1 Sale and Purchase. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, Seller shall sell and deliver to Buyer, and Buyer shall purchase and accept from Seller, all electric energy delivered from the Facility to Buyer’s meter that is eligible for net energy metering (Delivered Energy).

2.2 Purchase Price. Buyer shall pay Seller for Delivered Energy at the rate of per kilowatt-hour (kWh) (the Purchase Price), subject to adjustment as provided in Section 2.4.

2.3 Metering and Netting. Delivered Energy shall be measured by the meter designated by the utility for NEM billing. Netting of generation and consumption shall be performed in accordance with applicable NEM regulations; Meter reads and determinations by the utility shall be prima facie evidence of Delivered Energy, absent manifest error.

2.4 Annual Adjustment. The Purchase Price may be adjusted on each anniversary of the Commercial Operation Date by an amount equal to percent, unless otherwise agreed in writing.

3. TERM; COMMENCEMENT; TERMINATION

3.1 Term. The Initial Term of this Agreement shall commence on the Commercial Operation Date and continue for a period of years (the Term), unless earlier terminated under this Agreement.

3.2 Early Termination. Either party may terminate this Agreement upon the other party's material breach that remains uncured after days' written notice and opportunity to cure, subject to the remedies and limitations in Section 12.

4. INTERCONNECTION, PERMITS AND COMPLIANCE

4.1 Interconnection. Seller shall be responsible for applying for and obtaining interconnection of the Facility with the utility distribution system, at Seller’s expense, and for compliance with the interconnection agreement executed between Seller and the utility.

4.2 Permits. Each party shall obtain and maintain applicable permits and approvals for its respective obligations. Seller shall procure all permits necessary for construction and operation of the Facility; Buyer shall cooperate reasonably in permit processing and site access.

5. OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND PERFORMANCE

5.1 Operation and Maintenance. Seller shall operate and maintain the Facility in a prudent and workmanlike manner, consistent with industry standards and manufacturer recommendations. Seller shall respond to outages and faults as required under the operation and maintenance plan.

5.2 Performance Guarantee. Seller warrants that during each Contract Year the Facility will achieve a minimum availability of . If the availability falls below the guaranteed level, Seller shall pay Buyer liquidated damages as set forth in Schedule A.

6. TITLE; ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES; RENEWABLE ENERGY CREDITS

6.1 Title. Title to energy delivered to the utility meter shall remain with Seller until measured and delivered; Buyer shall take title to the Delivered Energy at the point of delivery for purposes of payment and use.

6.2 Renewable Energy Credits (RECs). Ownership of environmental attributes, including RECs, shall be: The parties acknowledge that the selection above controls transfer of environmental attributes and any associated accounting for compliance or voluntary markets.

7. PAYMENT; BILLING; TAXES

7.1 Billing. Seller shall issue invoices to Buyer on a basis for the Purchase Price for Delivered Energy for the applicable billing period. Buyer shall pay undisputed amounts within days of receipt of invoice.

7.2 Taxes. Each party shall be responsible for taxes imposed on that party as a result of this Agreement, except as otherwise specifically allocated herein. If a taxing authority requires collection of sales or other transactional taxes on the PPA, Buyer shall remit such taxes unless applicable law provides otherwise.

8. INSURANCE; INDEMNITY

8.1 Insurance. Each party shall maintain insurance customary for its operations, including commercial general liability and, for Seller, property and builders risk insurance during construction. Minimum coverages shall be consistent with prudent industry practice and sufficient to cover potential liabilities arising under this Agreement.

8.2 Indemnity. Each party shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the other party and its officers, directors and agents from and against claims, liabilities, losses and expenses arising out of the indemnifying party's breach of this Agreement, negligence, willful misconduct, or violation of law, subject to limits set forth in Schedule B.

9. FORCE MAJEURE

9.1 Excused Performance. Neither party shall be liable for failure or delay in performance to the extent caused by Force Majeure events, including acts of God, strikes, war, government action, or utility curtailment. The affected party shall give prompt notice to the other and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to resume performance.

10. DEFAULT; REMEDIES

10.1 Event of Default. An Event of Default shall include failure to pay amounts when due, material breach of representations or covenants, insolvency, or failure to cure other material breaches within the cure period specified in Section 3.2. 10.2 Remedies. Upon an Event of Default, the non-defaulting party may pursue all remedies available at law or equity, including termination and recovery of damages, subject to any limitations of liability in this Agreement.

11. ASSIGNMENT

11.1 Assignment. Neither party may assign this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed; provided, however, that Seller may assign to a financing party as security for financing without Buyer’s consent, subject to the assignee assuming Seller's obligations.

12. NOTICES

All notices required or permitted under this Agreement shall be in writing and delivered to the addresses below by certified mail, overnight courier, or hand delivery:

13. AMENDMENTS; WAIVER

13.1 Amendments and Waiver. No amendment to this Agreement shall be effective unless in writing and signed by both parties. No waiver of any provision shall be valid unless in writing and signed by the waiving party.

14. GOVERNING LAW

This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the state of , without regard to its conflict of laws principles.

15. ENTIRE AGREEMENT; SEVERABILITY

15.1 Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with any schedules and exhibits attached hereto, constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, whether written or oral.

15.2 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is held invalid or unenforceable, the remainder of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and the invalid or unenforceable provision shall be replaced by a valid and enforceable provision that most closely reflects the parties' intent.

16. COUNTERPARTS

This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Signatures transmitted by electronic or facsimile means shall be deemed original signatures.

SCHEDULED INFORMATION

Seller Printed Name:

By:

Date:

Buyer Printed Name:

By:

Date:

Enter text✕

What the NEM Power Purchase Agreement Is and when it applies

A NEM Power Purchase Agreement (NEM PPA) is a contract that sets terms for selling electricity generated by a distributed energy resource under a net energy metering (NEM) program. It defines parties, metering and billing arrangements, price or crediting mechanics, interconnection responsibilities, term length, and termination rights. Typical uses include rooftop solar on third-party-owned systems, community solar projects, and supply arrangements tied to state or utility NEM tariffs. The agreement allocates operational, interconnection, and payment risks between the system owner and the host or utility while aligning with state NEM rules and utility procedures.

Why a clear NEM PPA matters

A well-drafted NEM PPA clarifies electricity pricing, performance expectations, and meter-to-bill treatment so both parties can adopt solar or distributed generation with predictable cash flows, regulatory compliance, and reduced disputes.

Why a clear NEM PPA matters

Who commonly negotiates and signs NEM PPAs

Different participants focus on distinct terms—price mechanics for buyers, interconnection and operation clauses for owners, and metering/billing for utilities.

  • Residential developers and third-party owners who finance and operate distributed generation projects for host customers
  • Commercial and industrial energy buyers arranging offsite or onsite solar with crediting under state NEM tariffs
  • Utilities and municipal aggregators that administer NEM enrollments, meter changes, and billing integration

Core elements to include in a professional NEM PPA

A comprehensive NEM PPA groups contract terms so that pricing, technical obligations, and regulatory steps are unambiguous. Include measurable metrics, schedules, and exhibits to reduce implementation friction.

Parties

Full legal names and roles for owner, host, and any creditworthy guarantor; specify business entity type and contact information.

Term and Renewal

Start date, initial term, renewal options, and early termination rights tied to meter transfer or utility tariff changes.

Pricing and Credits

Per-kWh price or offset formula, netting method (monthly/annual), and applicability of time-of-use or demand charges.

Metering & Billing

Meter ownership, installation timing, meter data transfer, billing reconciliation procedure, and responsibility for metering costs.

Interconnection & Permitting

Who files interconnection, timeline for approvals, performance tests, and responsibility for upgrade costs and timelines.

Liability & Indemnity

Insurance minimums, indemnity scope, force majeure allocation, and caps on consequential damages where permissible.

Security, compliance, and record elements to track

Encryption: TLS 1.2/1.3; AES-256 at rest
Audit trail: Timestamped signer actions
HIPAA BAA: Required if PHI present
ESIGN / UETA: Electronic signature compliance
21 CFR Part 11: Needed for FDA-regulated records
Access controls: Role-based signer permissions

Step-by-step: completing a NEM PPA from draft to execution

Follow a clear sequence to align stakeholders, obtain interconnection approvals, and ensure accurate billing setup.

  • 01
    Draft terms: Define price, term, and meter responsibilities with legal review.
  • 02
    Confirm interconnection: File application with utility and track approval milestones.
  • 03
    Install metering: Coordinate meter change and data exchange testing.
  • 04
    Execute contract: Obtain authorized signatures and distribute executed copies.

How to set up a digital NEM PPA workflow

Configure a consistent digital workflow so contract drafts, approvals, and signed copies flow to billing and operations teams without manual handoffs.

Document source Centralized template repository with version control
Field mapping Map PPA fields to utility enrollment and billing systems
Signing order Set role-based signing sequence for owner, host, and guarantor
Authentication Select email, SMS, or KBA as required by risk profile
Storage destination Deliver executed PDF and certificate to cloud archive

Where to send or file the executed NEM PPA

After execution, route the agreement to operational teams and external parties that require a copy for enrollment, interconnection, or incentive claims.

  • Utility Interconnection: Submit executed agreement to the utility for enrollment and meter action
  • Project Owner: Retain a signed original and upload to owner records
  • Host Customer: Provide executed copy for account and tax records
  • Regulatory Filings: File with commission or incentive administrator when required

Digital signing requirements and integration considerations

Confirm the eSignature provider supports ESIGN/UETA compliance, audit trails, appropriate encryption, and the ability to deliver signed artifacts to operations and regulatory systems.

  • Integrations: Salesforce, NetSuite, Microsoft 365, Google Workspace
  • File formats: PDF, DOCX, and exportable audit certificates
  • Authentication: Email link, SMS code, KBA or SAML SSO

Typical timelines and critical deadlines in a NEM PPA

Track regulatory and project deadlines early—missed dates can delay interconnection, meter change, and incentive eligibility.

Contract Effective Date:

Determines start of rights and performance obligations

Interconnection Application:

File promptly; utility response timelines vary by queue

Meter Installation:

Complete before billing under NEM tariff begins

Utility Enrollment:

Submit documentation per utility timeline for credits

Term Expiry Notices:

Observe notice periods for non-renewal or renegotiation

Common mistakes to avoid when preparing a NEM PPA

  • Using vague pricing language that leaves credit calculation to interpretation, creating billing disputes and reconciliation delays.
  • Failing to align contract milestones with utility interconnection timelines, which can postpone meter changes and revenue start dates.
  • Overlooking metering ownership and data access clauses, limiting the ability to reconcile production or claim incentives accurately.
  • Missing required authorizations or corporate resolutions for signatories, which may invalidate execution or delay utility acceptance.

Potential penalties and legal risks

Breach Damages: Compensatory and contractual liquidated damages
Lost Incentives: Forfeiture if enrollment rules are missed
Regulatory Fines: Utility or commission penalties for non-compliance
Tax Exposure: Misreported payments may trigger IRS penalties
Meter Disputes: Revenue adjustments for inaccurate metering
Signature Defects: Invalid or missing signatures can void agreement

Download formats and supporting documents to include with the PPA

Preserve executed copies and associated exhibits in interoperable formats and assemble supporting files for operations and audits.

Signed PDF

Export a tamper-evident PDF/A with embedded audit certificate to support regulatory or legal review.

Exhibits

Attach meter diagrams, interconnection application, and scope-of-work exhibits referenced by the agreement.

Data Export

Provide CSV or XML meter production and billing data for reconciliation and accounting imports.

Certificate of Completion

Retain the signing audit trail with timestamps, IP addresses, and authentication method for evidentiary purposes.

eSignature vendor comparison for executing NEM PPAs (signNow first)

Compare basic vendor pricing and commonly requested capabilities when selecting an eSignature provider for NEM PPA execution and records management.

signNow DocuSign Adobe Sign PandaDoc HelloSign
Starting Price $8/user/mo $15/user/mo $14/user/mo $19/user/mo $15/user/mo
Free Trial 7-day free trial Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan
Bulk Send Yes Yes Yes Yes Varies
Audit Trail Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
HIPAA Compliant Yes Yes Yes No No

Frequently asked questions about executing and validating NEM PPAs

Answers to common questions about legal validity, digital signatures, interconnection timing, and recordkeeping for NEM PPAs.


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