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Power Purchase Agreement Template

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POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT

This Power Purchase Agreement ("Agreement") is entered into as of by and between Seller: , a Corporation LLC Other located at ; and Buyer: , a Corporation LLC Other located at .

RECITALS

WHEREAS, Seller owns and operates a generation facility with a nameplate capacity of (the "Facility") located at ; and

WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase, and Seller desires to sell, energy and associated environmental attributes generated by the Facility on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.

WHEREAS, the parties intend for this Agreement to govern the commercial and operational relationship between Seller and Buyer through the delivery and purchase of energy and related items described herein.

NOW, THEREFORE

In consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:

1. DEFINITIONS

1.1. Capitalized terms used in this Agreement shall have the meanings set forth in this Section and elsewhere in this Agreement. "Commercial Operation Date" means the date on which the Facility achieves stable commercial operation as demonstrated in accordance with the criteria set forth in Exhibit A. "Delivered Energy" means the gross electrical energy, measured in kilowatt-hours ("kWh"), delivered by Seller to the Delivery Point and measured in accordance with Section 4.

2. TERM; TERM COMMENCEMENT; TERMINATION

2.1. Term. The term of this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and continue for a period of years (the "Initial Term"), unless earlier terminated in accordance with this Agreement.

2.2. Term Commencement. The parties agree that delivery obligations will commence on the Scheduled Commercial Operation Date, which shall be .

3. SALE AND PURCHASE OF ENERGY

3.1. Purchase Obligation. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Seller shall sell and deliver to Buyer, and Buyer shall purchase and accept from Seller, all Delivered Energy produced by the Facility and delivered to the Delivery Point during the Term.

3.2. Environmental Attributes. Unless otherwise specified in this Agreement, title to and all rights in environmental attributes, renewable energy certificates, and any comparable credits created or associated with Delivered Energy ("Environmental Attributes") shall transfer to Buyer be retained by Seller.

4. DELIVERY, METERING AND INTERCONNECTION

4.1. Delivery Point. Delivery shall be made at the Delivery Point identified as . Title to Delivered Energy shall transfer to Buyer at the Delivery Point.

4.2. Metering. Metering equipment shall be installed, maintained, and tested in accordance with applicable industry standards. Metering data shall be used for settlement and shall be provided to Buyer within days of meter reading.

5. PRICE; INVOICING; PAYMENT

5.1. Purchase Price. During the Term, Buyer shall pay Seller a price of per kWh of Delivered Energy, adjusted as provided in this Agreement.

5.2. Invoicing. Seller shall deliver an invoice to Buyer on a monthly basis setting forth Delivered Energy during the invoice period, applicable adjustments, and the total amount due. Buyer shall pay each properly submitted invoice within days of receipt, by wire transfer or other agreed method.

6. TAXES AND CHARGES

6.1. Taxes. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, sales, use, excise, generation, transmission, and similar taxes and charges imposed on transactions hereunder shall be borne by Buyer Seller.

7. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

7.1. Mutual Representations. Each party represents and warrants that it has full power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder, that this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid, and binding obligation enforceable against it in accordance with its terms.

7.2. Seller Representations. Seller represents and warrants that (a) it owns or has the right to sell the Delivered Energy, and (b) the Facility is in compliance with all applicable permits and interconnection agreements necessary to deliver energy to the Delivery Point.

8. DEFAULT; REMEDIES

8.1. Events of Default. An Event of Default shall include (i) failure to pay any amount when due that continues for more than days after notice, (ii) material breach of representations or covenants that is not cured within days following notice, or (iii) bankruptcy or insolvency of a party.

8.2. Remedies. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, the non-defaulting party may terminate this Agreement and pursue all remedies available at law or equity, including specific performance and damages, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 9.

9. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY; INDEMNITY

9.1. Limitation of Liability. Except for wilful misconduct, fraud, or gross negligence, in no event shall either party be liable for incidental, consequential, punitive, or exemplary damages, and the aggregate liability of a party for claims arising out of or connected with this Agreement shall not exceed .

9.2. Indemnity. Each party shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless the other party from and against any third-party claims to the extent arising from the indemnifying party's breach of this Agreement, negligence, or willful misconduct.

10. INSURANCE

Seller shall maintain insurance coverage customary for facilities of similar size and technology, including commercial general liability, property insurance, and, if applicable, operator's liability, in amounts sufficient to cover claims arising from its performance under this Agreement. Evidence of such insurance shall be provided to Buyer upon request.

11. FORCE MAJEURE

11.1. Excused Performance. Neither party shall be liable for failure or delay in performance to the extent caused by force majeure events, including acts of God, fire, storms, strikes, war, governmental action, or failure of the transmission system beyond a party's reasonable control. The affected party shall give prompt notice and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the force majeure event.

12. ASSIGNMENT

Neither party may assign its rights or delegate its obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed; provided, however, that either party may assign this Agreement, without consent, to an affiliate or in connection with a sale of substantially all of its assets or a financing secured by the Facility.

13. NOTICES

Notices shall be in writing and delivered by hand, nationally recognized overnight courier, certified mail (return receipt requested), or such other method as the parties may agree in writing. Notice shall be effective upon receipt or refusal of delivery.

14. GOVERNING LAW; DISPUTE RESOLUTION

This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the state of , without regard to its conflicts of law principles. All disputes arising under or relating to this Agreement shall be resolved by binding arbitration in accordance with the rules mutually agreed upon by the parties, provided that either party may seek injunctive relief in any court of competent jurisdiction to protect its intellectual property or to prevent a breach that would cause irreparable harm.

15. ENTIRE AGREEMENT; AMENDMENTS; SEVERABILITY; WAIVER; COUNTERPARTS

15.1. Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with any exhibits and schedules attached hereto, constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior negotiations and agreements, whether written or oral.

15.2. Amendments. No amendment or modification of this Agreement shall be effective unless in writing and signed by both parties.

15.3. Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall continue in full force and effect and the parties shall negotiate in good faith to replace the invalid or unenforceable provision with a valid provision reflecting the parties' intent.

15.4. Waiver. No failure or delay by a party in exercising any right under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver of such right, and no single or partial exercise of any right shall preclude any other or further exercise of such right.

15.5. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Facsimile or electronic signatures shall be deemed to be original signatures for all purposes.

EXECUTION

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the Effective Date first written above.

Seller

Printed Name:

By:

Date:

Buyer

Printed Name:

By:

Date:

Enter text✕

What a Power Purchase Agreement Template Is and When to Use It

A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) template is a standardized contract used to document terms for the sale and purchase of electric energy, capacity, and associated attributes between a seller (generator) and a buyer (offtaker). Typical PPA templates set out parties, effective date, term and termination rights, commercial operation date, quantity and delivery point, pricing and invoicing mechanics, credit and security provisions, performance guarantees, force majeure, and governing law. A template simplifies negotiation by providing a consistent structure that can be adapted to project size, technology, and regulatory requirements, reducing drafting time and legal review cycles.

Why a Clear PPA Template Matters

A structured PPA template reduces ambiguity, accelerates contract execution, and preserves key commercial and legal protections by standardizing critical clauses such as pricing, delivery, credit and termination.

Why a Clear PPA Template Matters

Who Commonly Uses a PPA Template

Use the template as a negotiation starting point and adapt clauses for jurisdictional rules, tax treatment, and lender covenants before final execution.

  • Energy developers and sponsors negotiating revenue certainty and project financing terms.
  • Investor-owned and municipal utilities handling procurement and regulatory compliance.
  • Corporate buyers seeking fixed-price or renewable energy offtake arrangements.

Signatory Roles and Typical Responsibilities

Seller — Project Sponsor

The seller supplies energy and environmental attributes, warrants capacity and performance, secures necessary project permits, and provides commercial operation and performance guarantees.

Buyer — Offtaker

The buyer commits to purchase specified quantities under agreed pricing, provides credit support or offtake guarantees where required, and coordinates scheduling and settlement with the market operator.

Core Sections to Include in a Professional PPA Template

A PPA template should group related obligations and risks into clear sections to aid negotiation and downstream administration.

Parties & Definitions

Precise legal names, corporate status, and a definitions section to ensure terms like 'Commercial Operation Date' and 'Delivered Energy' are unambiguous and enforceable.

Term & Dates

Effective date, initial term, extension options, and key milestone dates (COD, testing period, commissioning deadlines) with cure periods for missed milestones.

Quantity & Delivery

Contract capacity, energy delivery point, measurement standards, metering obligations, and procedures for shortfalls or excess deliveries.

Price & Payment

Tariff structure (fixed, indexed, or hybrid), invoicing cycles, payment timing, late payment interest, and dispute resolution for billing.

Credit & Security

Credit support, letters of credit, parent guarantees, and events of default that allow termination or suspension.

Operational & Legal Warranties

Operational warranties, force majeure, assignment restrictions, indemnities, insurance requirements, and governing law provisions.

Step-by-Step: How to Complete This PPA Template

Follow a consistent sequence to reduce revisions and ensure all commercial and legal checks are completed before signature.

  • 01
    Step 1: Enter parties, effective date, and governing law to frame the agreement.
  • 02
    Step 2: Specify delivery point, metering, and quantity metrics with technical exhibits.
  • 03
    Step 3: Populate pricing, invoicing, and payment mechanics including late fees.
  • 04
    Step 4: Add credit support, assignment clauses, insurance, and signature blocks for authorized signers.

How to Configure an Online Signing Workflow

Set up your e-signing workflow to match the PPA signing order, authentication level, and archival needs.

Field Configuration
Authentication Method Email link with optional SMS code or KBA for higher assurance.
Signature Type Electronic signature under ESIGN/UETA with audit trail and timestamp.
Order and Roles Set signing order: seller → buyer → lender/consent parties if required.
Storage Format Save final executed copy as PDF/A with certificate of completion.

Digital Signing and Technical Requirements

Ensure the platform retains an immutable audit trail and supports export of signed records for lender and regulatory review.

  • Authentication Options: Email, SMS OTP, or KBA for higher assurance.
  • Integrations: Connectors for Salesforce, NetSuite, Box, and Google Workspace ease contract management.
  • File Formats: Support for PDF, DOCX, and PDF/A archival is essential.

Where to Send and How the Execution Flow Works

Typical routing includes internal reviewers, counterparty signers, and any third parties whose consent is required.

  • Upload Document: Sender uploads the final negotiated PPA to the e-sign platform.
  • Place Fields: Add signature, date, and initial fields for each signer role.
  • Send to Signers: Dispatch in the agreed signing order with authentication steps enabled.
  • Store Executed Copy: Export and store PDF/A with an execution certificate and audit trail.

Common Drafting and Execution Mistakes to Avoid

  • Using ambiguous delivery terms that omit measurement standards and lead to settlement disputes.
  • Failing to confirm authorized signatory capacity and corporate resolutions before execution.
  • Leaving pricing indexes or escalators undefined, causing disputes over dollar calculations.
  • Neglecting to align PPA dates with permitting or interconnection milestones, delaying COD.

Key Risks and Potential Consequences of an Incorrect PPA

Breach Damages: Monetary liability and potential termination.
Performance Shortfall: Liquidated damages or replacement power costs.
Regulatory Noncompliance: FERC or state penalties possible.
Tax Exposure: Mischaracterized payments affect tax treatment.
Invalid Execution: Improper signatures may void agreement.
Assignment Violation: Prohibited transfers can trigger defaults.

Practical Tips for Accurate and Efficient Completion

Adopt consistent procedures to reduce negotiation cycles and execution errors.

Use Defined Templates
Start with a vetted template and track changes to avoid conflicting provisions during redline exchanges.
Confirm Authority
Obtain evidence of signatory authority, such as board resolutions or signed corporate certificates, before sending to signature.
Attach Exhibits
Include metering specs, site maps, and schedules as enforceable exhibits referenced in the main body.
Align Dates
Coordinate COD, invoicing cycles, and tax reporting deadlines to prevent timing mismatches.

eSignature Provider Pricing and Feature Comparison

Comparison of common e-signature providers for executing PPAs; signNow appears first as a pricing and compliance reference point.

signNow DocuSign Adobe Sign PandaDoc HelloSign
Starting Price $8/user/mo $15/user/mo $14/user/mo $19/user/mo $15/user/mo
Free Trial 7-day free trial No No Yes, limited Yes, limited
Bulk Send Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Audit Trail Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
HIPAA Compliant Yes Yes Yes No No

Security and Compliance Features to Verify

Encryption: TLS 1.2/1.3 in transit; AES-256 at rest
Certifications: SOC 2 Type II and ISO 27001 available
HIPAA Support: HIPAA compliant with BAA option
Regulatory Standards: 21 CFR Part 11 capability
Legal Framework: ESIGN and UETA compliant
Accessibility: WCAG 2.0 Level AA support

Real-World Usage Examples and Customer Context

These examples describe how organizations use digital signing and templates to streamline contract execution.

Optica Ventures LLC

A small project developer standardized its PPA template to reduce negotiation time by using consistent clauses.

  • The interface simplified external signings.
  • "The interface is simple and easy-to-use for our team; more importantly, it is just as easy for our customers."

Martin Properties

A regional buyer adopted an e-sign workflow to collect signatures from remote counsel and finance teams.

  • Execution time shortened notably.
  • "I can process and execute all of these documents online with 100% compliance and built-in security."

Typical PPA Timelines, Deadlines, and Notice Periods

Key dates and notice periods must be tracked to preserve rights and avoid defaults.

Effective Date and Commencement:

Agreement effective date triggers obligations and sets the timeline for commissioning.

Commercial Operation Date:

COD is the milestone for energy deliveries and payment obligations to begin.

Invoicing and Payment Due:

Specify invoice frequency and payment due days (commonly 30 days net).

Renewal or Extension Notice:

Typical notice windows are 90–180 days prior to contract expiry.

Cure Periods:

Include cure periods for default (often 30 days) before termination rights arise.

Frequently Asked Questions About the Power Purchase Agreement Template

Answers to common legal and operational questions when preparing or executing a PPA template.


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