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Solar Power Purchase Agreement

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SOLAR POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT

This Solar Power Purchase Agreement (the "Agreement") is entered into as of by and between Seller: , whose principal address is , and Purchaser: , whose principal address is .

RECITALS

WHEREAS, Seller owns or will construct, operate and maintain a solar photovoltaic generation facility identified as (the "Facility") at , with an expected net AC capacity of kilowatts.

WHEREAS, Purchaser desires to purchase and receive, and Seller desires to sell and deliver, the electric energy generated by the Facility on the terms and conditions set forth herein.

WHEREAS, the parties intend that environmental attributes, renewable energy credits, and other certificates associated with the energy produced by the Facility be allocated as provided in this Agreement.

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:

1. DEFINITIONS

Capitalized terms used in this Agreement shall have the meanings set forth in this Section and elsewhere in this Agreement. "Commercial Operation Date" means the date on which the Facility achieves commercial operation as evidenced by the completion of all commissioning tests and the date declared by Seller, subject to Purchaser's right to confirm, which date is: .

2. TERM

The initial term of this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue for a period of years from the Commercial Operation Date, unless earlier terminated in accordance with this Agreement.

3. SALE AND PURCHASE

Seller shall sell and deliver to Purchaser, and Purchaser shall purchase and accept from Seller, all of the electric energy produced by the Facility and delivered to the Delivery Point. Energy shall be measured in kilowatt-hours ("kWh").

4. PURCHASE PRICE; PAYMENT

Purchaser shall pay Seller a purchase price of $ per kWh for all Delivered Energy, subject to adjustments described in this Agreement. Seller will invoice Purchaser monthly for Delivered Energy during the preceding billing cycle.

Purchaser shall remit payment within days after receipt of a proper invoice. Late payments shall accrue interest at the lesser of 1.5% per month or the maximum rate permitted by applicable law.

5. METERING AND DELIVERY

Metering equipment shall be installed and maintained in accordance with Good Utility Practice and shall be the basis for determining Delivered Energy. Responsibility for ownership, installation and maintenance of the meter is: Seller Purchaser

The Delivery Point shall be the point of interconnection designated by the parties and recorded in the Interconnection Schedule attached hereto.

6. INTERCONNECTION

Seller shall be responsible for constructing and maintaining interconnection facilities on the Facility side of the Delivery Point in accordance with the applicable interconnection agreement and Good Utility Practice. Purchaser shall cooperate in obtaining any third-party agreements reasonably required for interconnection.

7. ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES

Unless otherwise provided herein, all environmental attributes, renewable energy credits, carbon credits, and similar items arising from the Facility's generation ("Attributes") shall be: Transferred to Purchaser Retained by Seller

8. TAXES, CHARGES, AND CREDITS

Except as otherwise required by law or this Agreement, Seller shall be responsible for taxes and fees attributable to the ownership or operation of the Facility, and Purchaser shall be responsible for taxes or utility charges based on Purchaser's billing or use of energy. Any government incentive, tax credit, or grant allocated to the Facility shall be addressed in the Payment Schedule.

9. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

Seller represents and warrants that: (a) it has good and marketable title to the Facility or a valid right to sell the energy generated therefrom; (b) the Facility will be constructed, commissioned and operated in material compliance with all applicable laws; and (c) Seller holds all material permits necessary for operation of the Facility, except to the extent excused by Purchaser or force majeure.

Purchaser represents and warrants that it has the corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder.

10. INDEMNIFICATION

Each party (the "Indemnifying Party") shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the other party and its officers, directors, agents and employees (the "Indemnified Parties") from and against any and all third-party claims, losses, damages, liabilities and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) to the extent arising out of the Indemnifying Party's breach of this Agreement, negligence or willful misconduct.

11. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

Except for liabilities arising from gross negligence, willful misconduct, fraud, or indemnification obligations, neither party shall be liable to the other for consequential, incidental, punitive or special damages. The total aggregate liability of either party for all claims under or in connection with this Agreement shall be limited to $.

12. INSURANCE

13. DEFAULT AND TERMINATION

A party shall be in default if it breaches any material obligation under this Agreement and fails to cure such breach within days after receipt of written notice. Upon a material uncured default, the non-defaulting party may terminate this Agreement in accordance with the remedial rights set forth herein.

14. ASSIGNMENT

Neither party may assign its rights or delegate its obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, except that Seller may assign to an affiliate or to a financing party without Purchaser's consent provided that the assignee assumes Seller's obligations hereunder.

15. CONFIDENTIALITY

Each party shall keep confidential and shall not disclose to any third party the non-public business terms of this Agreement and any Confidential Information received from the other party, except as required by law, regulatory authorities, or pursuant to a valid order of a court of competent jurisdiction.

16. NOTICES

Seller Notice Recipient:

Purchaser Notice Recipient:

17. AMENDMENT; WAIVER; COUNTERPARTS

This Agreement may be amended only by a written instrument signed by both parties. No failure or delay by either party in exercising any right shall operate as a waiver of such right. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

18. GOVERNING LAW

This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of without regard to its conflict of laws principles.

19. ENTIRE AGREEMENT

This Agreement, including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto, constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements, understandings, negotiations and communications, whether written or oral.

20. SEVERABILITY

If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, such provision shall be modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable, and the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect.

Seller:

By:

Date:

Purchaser:

By:

Date:

Enter text✕

What a Solar Power Purchase Agreement Covers

A Solar Power Purchase Agreement (Solar PPA) is a contract where a solar developer installs, owns, and operates a photovoltaic system on a host site and the host purchases the electricity generated at an agreed price. The agreement sets the contract term, price structure (fixed, escalator, or market-indexed), energy delivery point, performance guarantees, operation and maintenance responsibilities, and allocation of tax benefits or renewable energy credits. A Solar PPA sits between project development, utility interconnection, and the host's energy procurement obligations and is legally binding on both parties.

Why organizations use a Solar Power Purchase Agreement

A Solar PPA provides predictable, long-term access to renewable energy without the host making the upfront capital investment. It can lower or stabilize electricity costs, transfer system performance and maintenance risks to the developer, and preserve available tax incentives for the owner. The structure supports sustainability goals while keeping commercial and operational responsibilities clear.

Why organizations use a Solar Power Purchase Agreement

Who commonly enters Solar Power Purchase Agreements

Typical participants and organizational roles that sign or manage Solar PPAs.

  • Commercial property owners and managers looking to reduce operating costs and meet ESG targets.
  • Municipalities and school districts procuring renewable energy for public facilities and budget predictability.
  • Large corporations and campuses seeking renewable supply and off-site or on-site energy accounting.

Parties should involve legal, tax, and technical advisors during negotiation to align pricing, credit, and interconnection terms with organizational requirements.

Core sections to expect in a professional Solar PPA

A complete Solar PPA addresses commercial terms, technical and operational responsibilities, legal protections, and compliance items so both parties understand obligations and remedies.

Term & Pricing

Defines contract duration, initial price per kWh, price escalators, and any index-based adjustments tied to CPI or fuel indices.

Energy Delivery

Specifies delivery point, metering method, settlement intervals, and responsibilities for losses and scheduling with the grid operator.

Metering & Measurement

Covers meter type, ownership, data access, verification procedures, and dispute resolution for measured generation and deliveries.

Operations & Maintenance

Assigns O&M duties, response times for outages, performance monitoring, and remedies for underperformance or unavailability.

Permits & Interconnection

Allocates responsibility for permits, interconnection applications, costs, and any delays caused by utility or permitting authorities.

Default & Termination

Defines events of default, cure periods, termination rights, buyout calculations, and post-termination asset treatment.

Essential data fields required by the Solar PPA

Parties: Full legal names and entity types
Effective Date: Agreement start date in MM/DD/YYYY
Term Length: Number of years and renewal options
Price Schedule: Initial $/kWh and escalation terms
Site Description: Physical address and meter location
Signatures: Authorized signatures and dates

Step-by-step: completing a Solar PPA

Follow a structured sequence to gather information, negotiate terms, and finalize signatures to reduce rework and legal risk.

  • 01
    Gather Documents: Collect site plan, utility account, and corporate authority documents
  • 02
    Draft Terms: Agree on price, term, delivery point, and performance guarantees
  • 03
    Legal Review: Have counsel review tax, credit, and assignment provisions
  • 04
    Execute: Obtain authorized signatures and distribute executed copies

How to amend or update a signed Solar PPA

Use a documented amendment process to change pricing, term, or technical attachments and preserve the chain of contractual authority.

01

Initiate Request:

Party proposes changes in writing and cites affected clauses
02

Draft Amendment:

Prepare a succinct amendment referencing original agreement
03

Review Legal:

Counsel reviews tax, incentive, and assignment effects
04

Obtain Approvals:

Get required internal approvals before execution
05

Execute Amendment:

Authorized signatories sign and date the amendment
06

Distribute Copies:

Circulate executed amendment and update document management

Digital execution workflow for a Solar PPA

A typical e-signature workflow reduces paper handling and captures an audit trail for each signing event.

  • Upload Document: Add the final PPA PDF to the signing platform
  • Place Fields: Insert signature, date, and initial fields where required
  • Assign Signers: Specify signer order and role-based responsibilities
  • Send & Track: Deliver invites and capture timestamps, IP, and completion status

Recommended settings for e-sign workflows

Configure signing order, authentication, reminders, and retention settings to match the contract's execution and audit requirements.

Field Configuration
Signing Order Sequential or parallel as required by negotiation
Authentication Email link, SMS code, or advanced ID verification
Reminders Auto-reminders at preset intervals until completion
Retention Store executed PDF and audit trail securely

Technical considerations for e-sign and eSubmission

Ensure your e-sign platform integrates with your systems and supports required file formats and authentication methods.

  • Integrations: Salesforce, NetSuite, Microsoft 365, Google Workspace
  • Formats: PDF, DOCX, and Excel input/output supported
  • Authentication: Email, SMS, KBA, or SSO/SAML options

Choose platform features that match your audit, retention, and compliance needs and confirm HIPAA or other BAAs if handling protected data.

eSignature vendor comparison for executing Solar PPAs

Compare common plan-level features and starting prices for electronic signature solutions typically used to execute Solar PPAs; signNow is shown first for parity in vendor comparison.

signNow DocuSign Adobe Sign PandaDoc HelloSign
Starting Price $8/user/mo $15/user/mo $14/user/mo $19/user/mo $15/user/mo
Free Trial 7-day free trial No No Yes, limited Yes, limited
Bulk Send Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Audit Trail Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
HIPAA Compliant Yes Yes Yes No No

Common mistakes when preparing a Solar PPA

  • Failing to identify the precise delivery point and metering arrangement leads to settlement disputes and billing errors.
  • Using ambiguous price escalation language that lacks a clear index or calculation method invites disagreement at reconciliation.
  • Omitting clear interconnection cost allocation causes unexpected developer or host charges during utility approval.
  • Neglecting to allocate renewable energy credit ownership and tax incentive treatment can create later tax and accounting conflicts.

Key contractual risks and typical remedies

Payment Default: Late fees and acceleration clauses
Early Termination: Buyout calculation and termination penalties
Tax Recapture: Risk of recapture if eligibility lapses
Performance Shortfall: Liquidated damages or availability credits
Permit Noncompliance: Stop-work orders and remedial obligations
Metering Dispute: Third-party meter verification and dispute resolution

Practical Solar PPA examples and outcomes

Real-world scenarios show how contract structure, pricing, and risk allocation affect project viability and host savings.

Municipal Campus Agreement

A city entered a 20-year PPA for rooftop arrays to stabilize energy spending.

  • The contract assigned O&M to the developer.
  • The arrangement preserved tax incentives for the owner and delivered predictable electricity costs while avoiding upfront capital outlay.

Corporate Campus PPA

A corporation executed an off-taker agreement for ground-mounted arrays to meet sustainability goals.

  • The PPA used an annual escalator of 1.5% per year.
  • Clear interconnection and metering clauses ensured accurate renewable energy credit allocation and avoided trading disputes.

Who should sign and who should review a Solar PPA

Seller — Solar Developer

Chief executive or authorized officer should sign. Developer legal and technical staff must confirm warranties, O&M obligations, and that the project meets interconnection and permitting commitments before execution.

Buyer — Host/Offtaker

Authorized corporate officer or procurement manager signs on behalf of the host. Internal review should include finance, facilities, legal, and tax to confirm price, term, credit, and incentive allocation.

Frequently asked questions about Solar PPAs and electronic execution

Answers to common execution, legal, and operational questions for Solar PPAs with notes on electronic signing and recordkeeping.


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