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Commonwealth of Virginia Sales and Use Tax Certificate of Exemption

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COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
SALES AND USE TAX CERTIFICATE OF EXEMPTION

Form ST-11

To Date

Address

Information for supplier – A supplier is required to have only one Certificate of Exemption on file, properly executed by each purchaser buying tax exempt personal property under this Certificate.

The Virginia Retail Sales and Use Tax Act provides that the Virginia sales and use tax shall not apply to the kinds and classes of tangible personal property shown in Items 1 through 11 below when purchased for the purposes specified.

The undersigned purchaser hereby certifies that all tangible personal property purchased or leased from the above-named supplier on and after this date will be purchased or leased for the purpose or purposes indicated below, unless otherwise specified on each order, and that this certificate shall remain in effect until revoked in writing by the Department of Taxation.

Check the appropriate box or boxes below.

1. Industrial materials for future manufacturing, processing, refining, or conversion into articles of tangible personal property for resale where such industrial materials either enter into the production or become a component part of the finished product; industrial materials that are coated upon or impregnated into the product at any stage of its manufacture, processing, refining, or conversion for resale.

2. Machinery or tools or repair parts therefor or replacements thereof, equipment, fuel, power, energy, or supplies, used directly in manufacturing, processing, refining, mining or converting products for sale or resale.

3. Items used directly in the drilling, extraction or processing of natural gas or oil for sale or resale and in well area reclamation activities required by state or federal law.

4. Agricultural commodities or seafood purchased for the purpose of acquiring raw products for use or consumption in the process of preparing, finishing, or manufacturing such agricultural or seafood commodity for the retail consumer trade. The term “agricultural commodity”, for the purposes of this exemption, means horticultural, poultry, farm products, livestock and livestock products, and products derived from bees and beekeeping. This Certificate of Exemption cannot be given to cover any agricultural or seafood commodity sold or distributed as a marketable or finished product to the ultimate consumer.

5. Tangible personal property purchased for use or consumption directly and exclusively in basic research in the experimental or laboratory sense or research and development in the experimental or laboratory sense.

6. Certified pollution control equipment and facilities as defined in Va. Code § 58.1-3660 and which in accordance with such Section, has been certified by a state certifying authority or a subdivision certifying authority.

A “state certifying authority” means the State Water Control Board or the Virginia Department of Health, for water pollution; the State Air Pollution Control Board, for air pollution; the Department of Energy, for solar energy projects, energy storage systems, and for coal, oil, and gas production, including gas, natural gas, and coalbed methane gas; and the Virginia Waste Management Board, for waste disposal facilities, natural gas recovered from waste facilities, and landfill gas production facilities, and shall include any interstate agency authorized to act in place of a certifying authority of the Commonwealth.

“Subdivision certifying authority” means the body of a political subdivision responsible for administering the political subdivision’s water, wastewater, stormwater, or solid waste management facilities or systems. A subdivision certifying authority may only certify property pursuant to this section if the property being certified is equipment, facilities, devices, or other property intended for use by the political subdivision in conjunction with the operation of its water, wastewater, stormwater, or solid waste management facilities or systems. If property is certified by a subdivision certifying authority, it shall not be required to be certified by a state certifying authority.

7. Materials, containers, labels, sacks, cans, boxes, drums, or bags for packaging tangible personal property for shipment or sale, whether returnable or non-returnable.

8. Equipment, materials, or supplies used directly in the production of a publication for sale or free distribution issued at regular intervals, not exceeding three months.

9. High speed electrostatic duplicators, or other duplicators which have a printing capacity of 4,000 impressions or more per hour, purchased or leased by persons primarily engaged in the printing or photocopying of products for sale or resale.

10. Qualifying tangible personal property, when the preponderance of the property’s use is in manufacturing by licensed brewers under subdivision 3 or 4 of Va. Code § 4.1-206.1. The exemption is limited to i) machinery, tools, equipment and repair and replacement parts, fuel, power, energy or supplies; ii) materials for future processing, manufacturing or conversion into beer, where the materials enter into the production of or become a component part of the beer; and iii) materials for future use in packaging the beer for shipment or sale.

11. Qualifying tangible personal property, when the preponderance of the property’s use is in advanced recycling, as defined in Va. Code § 58.1-439.7. The exemption is limited to (i) machinery, tools, and equipment, or repair parts or their replacements, fuel, power, energy, or supplies; (ii) materials for processing, manufacturing, or conversion for resale where the materials either are recycled or recovered; and (iii) materials, including containers, labels, sacks, cans, boxes, drums, or bags used for packaging recycled or recovered material for shipment or resale.


Virginia Account

Name of Purchaser Number, if any

Trading as

Address

Kind of business engaged in by purchaser

By

Title

If the purchaser is a corporation, an officer of the corporation or other person authorized to sign on behalf of the corporation must sign; if a partnership, one partner must sign; if an unincorporated association, a member must sign; if a sole proprietorship, the proprietor must sign.

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What this Virginia Sales and Use Tax Certificate of Exemption is

The Commonwealth of Virginia Sales and Use Tax Certificate of Exemption is a purchaser-supplied declaration used to document an exempt sale so the seller does not collect state sales or use tax. It records the buyer's legal name, exemption type or code, a description of the purchases, and an authorized signature. Sellers retain the certificate as proof of a tax-exempt transaction and to meet recordkeeping requirements for potential audits. The form does not itself grant exemption; it documents the purchaser's legal right to claim the exemption under Virginia law and applicable statutes.

Why completing the certificate correctly matters

Accurate certificates prevent improper tax collection, reduce audit exposure, and support refund or adjustment claims. Proper documentation shifts liability away from the seller when valid exemptions apply.

Why completing the certificate correctly matters

Essential elements every professional certificate includes

A compliant Virginia exemption certificate is concise but complete. The form should clearly identify parties, state the exemption basis, describe exempt items, include an authorized signature and date, and note retention instructions for audits.

Purchaser Info

Full legal name, business type, and contact details so the seller can substantiate the exempt status during review or audit.

Vendor Info

Seller name and account number or registration, enabling accurate record linkage and easier seller bookkeeping.

Exemption Basis

Clear reason for exemption (resale, resale certificate number, governmental, nonprofit, manufacturing) to justify noncollection of tax.

Transaction Details

Item descriptions, quantity or service scope, and invoice or purchase order numbers to tie the certificate to specific sales.

Authorized Signature

Signer name, title, signature, and date demonstrating authority to bind the purchaser for tax purposes.

Retention Note

Statement indicating how long the seller will retain the certificate for audit purposes and recordkeeping compliance.

Step-by-step: completing a Virginia exemption certificate

Follow these sequential steps to create a clear, auditable certificate for the seller and for your records.

  • 01
    Collect purchaser data: Gather legal name, address, and taxpayer or registration numbers before starting.
  • 02
    Identify exemption: Choose the correct exemption type and record any state-issued number.
  • 03
    Describe items: List the goods or services and reference invoice or PO numbers.
  • 04
    Sign and date: Authorized signature and MM/DD/YYYY date finalize the certificate.

Configuring a digital workflow for this certificate

Set up an electronic template to collect consistent data, authenticate signers, and store completed certificates securely.

Template Upload Create a master PDF or DOCX template for reuse.
Field Placement Add fixed fields: name, address, exemption code, description, signature, date.
Authentication Require signer email and optional SMS or 2FA for sensitive exemptions.
Storage Location Map completed files to secure cloud folder or document management system.
Retention Policy Apply retention settings consistent with legal and audit timelines.

Where to send or file the completed certificate

The certificate is delivered to the seller and retained by the seller as the primary record; copies may be kept by the purchaser for their records.

  • Deliver to Seller: Provide the signed certificate to the vendor before or at the time of purchase.
  • Seller Retention: Seller retains original certificate linked to the sales invoice for audit substantiation.
  • Provide on Audit: Produce certificates to the Virginia Department of Taxation when requested during an audit.
  • Purchaser Copy: Purchaser retains a copy for internal accounting and potential refund claims.

Digital signing and file format considerations

Use platforms that support standard formats, secure storage, and signer authentication to preserve evidentiary value of digital certificates.

  • Formats: PDF, DOCX, and PDF/A output maintain document fidelity and compatibility with tax audits.
  • Integrations: Connectors for ERP/CRM (Salesforce, NetSuite, Microsoft 365, Google Workspace) streamline storage and reconciliation.
  • Security: Encryption at rest and in transit plus detailed audit trails preserve admissibility and chain of custody.

Timing: when to provide and keep the certificate

There is no single statewide submission deadline for exemption certificates; timing focuses on providing certificate at sale and retaining it for audits.

At Time of Sale:

Provide to the seller before tax-exempt purchase is completed.

Invoice Reference:

Attach or reference invoice numbers when applying the certificate to sales.

Retention Start:

Retention typically begins on the date of the transaction or certificate execution.

Produce on Request:

Supply certificates promptly if the Department of Taxation issues an audit request.

Update as Needed:

Refresh or reissue certificates when exemption status or purchaser details change.

Key milestones in certificate handling

Track these stages from creation through audit readiness to keep records compliant and defensible.

01

Prepare Certificate

Complete purchaser and exemption fields and reference transaction details.

02

Deliver to Seller

Provide the signed certificate before tax-exempt billing occurs.

03

Seller Records

Seller links certificate to invoice and stores it in the sales file.

04

Audit Production

Produce certificates and related invoices during audits or tax inquiries.

Common mistakes that invalidate exemption certificates

  • Incomplete purchaser name or missing business designation causes ambiguity in identity verification and may be rejected on audit.
  • Omitting the exemption reason or code leaves the seller unable to substantiate noncollection of tax for specific transaction types.
  • Unsigned or undated certificates are not enforceable evidence of purchaser intent and may shift tax liability to seller.
  • Using a resale certificate for nonresale purchases (personal use or taxable services) risks assessment and penalties.

Consequences of incorrect or missing certificates

Tax Assessment: Seller may owe unpaid tax
Interest Charges: Accrues on late or unpaid tax
Penalties: State civil penalties may apply
Audit Risk: Increased scrutiny from tax authorities
Refund Denial: Purchaser refund requests may be denied
Liability Shift: Legal responsibility may move to purchaser

Who typically signs and approves these certificates

Purchasing Officer

An authorized purchasing officer or procurement director signs on behalf of an organization. They must have documented authority to bind the purchaser and should keep a record of delegation or power of attorney where applicable.

Corporate Controller

The controller or finance officer verifies tax-exempt status before signing. Their signature confirms accounting classification and creates an internal audit trail demonstrating intent and authority.

Supporting documents and export formats to include

Include related documents and use stable formats to preserve evidentiary value for audits and archives.

Invoice Link

Attach or reference the sales invoice or PO to connect the certificate to a specific transaction for audit traceability.

Resale Permit

When claiming resale exemption, attach the purchaser's resale permit or state-issued certificate number as substantiation.

Signed PDF

Export to PDF or PDF/A with embedded audit trail to prevent unauthorized modification and ensure long-term readability.

Supplemental Docs

Retain purchase orders, delivery receipts, and any agency letters confirming exempt status alongside the certificate.

Representative eSignature vendor comparison for handling exemption certificates

Common platform capabilities and pricing models influence how you collect, authenticate, and store signed exemption certificates; signNow is listed first per comparison guidelines.

signNow DocuSign Adobe Sign PandaDoc HelloSign
Starting Price $8/user/mo $15/user/mo $14/user/mo $19/user/mo $15/user/mo
Free Trial 7-day free trial Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan
Bulk Send Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Audit Trail Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
HIPAA Compliant Yes Yes Yes No No

Frequently asked questions about Virginia exemption certificates

Answers to common practical questions about completing, signing, storing, and disputing exemption certificates under Virginia practice.


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