What is a Civil Citation in Maryland? Understanding the Basics

Definition and Meaning of Civil Citation in Maryland

A civil citation in Maryland serves as a formal notice issued for minor offenses. These offenses often include traffic violations such as speeding, running a red light, or failing to signal. Additionally, civil citations can be issued for non-traffic-related offenses like underage drinking or possession of small amounts of marijuana. Unlike criminal charges, civil citations do not typically result in arrest; instead, they require the recipient to either pay a fine or appear in court. This system aims to address minor infractions without the need for criminal prosecution.

Receiving a civil citation means the individual has committed an infraction that warrants a penalty but is not severe enough to be classified as a crime. It is essential to understand that while these citations are less severe than criminal charges, they can still impact one’s driving record and insurance rates.

Key Elements of a Civil Citation in Maryland

Several key elements define a civil citation in Maryland:

• Minor Offenses: Common infractions include speeding, driving without insurance, and possession of small amounts of marijuana for individuals under twenty-one.
• Non-Criminal Nature: Civil citations are civil penalties, meaning they do not carry the same weight as criminal charges.
• Required Action: Recipients must either pay the fine, request a hearing, or appear in court to avoid further penalties.
• Impact on Driving Record: Civil citations can appear on driving records, potentially leading to increased insurance premiums.

How to Use a Civil Citation in Maryland

Using a civil citation effectively involves understanding the options available upon receiving one. Recipients typically have three primary choices:

• Pay the Fine: This option resolves the citation without further action. Payment can often be made online, by mail, or in person.
• Request a Hearing: If the recipient believes the citation was issued in error, they can request a hearing to contest it.
• Appear in Court: Failing to respond to the citation may result in a court appearance, where further legal consequences may arise.

Examples of Civil Citations in Maryland

Understanding the types of infractions that lead to civil citations can provide clarity:

• Speeding: Exceeding the posted speed limit can result in a citation.
• Running a Red Light: This common traffic violation can lead to a civil citation.
• Driving Without Insurance: Operating a vehicle without proper insurance coverage is a serious infraction.
• Possession of Marijuana: Individuals under twenty-one found with small amounts may receive a citation.
• Disorderly Conduct: Engaging in disruptive behavior can also result in a civil citation.

Steps to Complete a Civil Citation in Maryland

Completing the process after receiving a civil citation involves several steps:

• Review the Citation: Carefully read the citation to understand the offense and the required actions.
• Decide on a Course of Action: Choose whether to pay the fine, contest the citation, or appear in court.
• Take Action: Follow through with the chosen option before the deadline indicated on the citation.
• Keep Records: Maintain a copy of the citation and any correspondence related to it for future reference.

Who Typically Uses Civil Citations in Maryland?

Civil citations are primarily used by law enforcement officers when addressing minor infractions. This includes:

• Traffic Officers: They frequently issue civil citations for traffic-related offenses.
• Local Law Enforcement: Officers may issue citations for non-traffic violations, such as underage drinking.
• Judicial System: Courts may handle cases involving contested civil citations.

Legal Use of Civil Citations in Maryland

The legal framework surrounding civil citations in Maryland is designed to ensure fair treatment while addressing minor offenses. Key points include:

• Due Process: Individuals have the right to contest citations and present their case in court.
• Proportionality: The penalties associated with civil citations are intended to be proportional to the severity of the offense.
• Record Keeping: Law enforcement agencies must maintain accurate records of issued citations for accountability.

Penalties for Non-Compliance with Civil Citations

Failing to respond to a civil citation can lead to serious consequences:

• Increased Fines: Non-compliance may result in additional fines or penalties.
• Possible Arrest: Ignoring a citation could lead to a warrant for arrest in some cases.
• Impact on Driving Record: Non-compliance can negatively affect one’s driving record and insurance rates.

Important Terms Related to Civil Citations in Maryland

Familiarity with specific terms can enhance understanding of civil citations:

• Citation: A formal notice issued for an infraction.
• Infraction: A minor violation of law that typically does not result in criminal charges.
• Fine: A monetary penalty imposed for the infraction.
• Hearing: A legal proceeding to contest the citation.