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Amending Corporate Charters and Bylaws

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PROPOSALS TO AMEND RESTATED CERTIFICATE AND BYLAWS

INTRODUCTION

The Board of Directors has unanimously approved and recommends that shareholders of the Corporation authorize the amendments (the "Amendments") to the Corporation's Restated Certificate and Bylaws described in proposals 3 through 8 set forth below.

Proposals 3 and 4 request shareholder approval to increase the Corporation's authorized Common Stock and eliminate certain preemptive rights to purchase shares of the Corporation's Common Stock.

Proposals 5 through 8 involve related amendments to the Corporation's Restated Certificate and Bylaws designed to promote conditions of continuity and stability in the Corporation's management and policies and to preserve the integrity of the investment of the Corporation's shareholders, large and small, by assisting them in obtaining fair and equitable treatment in the event of an attempted takeover of the Corporation.

Proposals 3 through 8 are being submitted for shareholder approval in response to the development of such tactics.

The full text of each Amendment for which approval is sought in Proposals 3 through 8 is set forth in either Exhibit A or Exhibit B to this Proxy Statement before voting on the proposals.

(3) PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO INCREASE AUTHORIZED COMMON STOCK

This proposal is to authorize amendment of the Restated Certificate to increase its authorized Common Stock, $3.50 par value, from 120,000,000 shares to 150,000,000 shares.

The Board of Directors recommends that shareholders vote FOR the proposed increase in authorized Common Stock.

(4) ELIMINATION OF PREEMPTIVE RIGHTS

This proposal is to authorize amendment of the Restated Certificate to eliminate certain preemptive rights and state explicitly that the holders of the Corporation's Common Stock shall have no preemptive rights to subscribe to any issue of shares or other securities of any class of the Corporation.

The Board of Directors recommends that shareholders vote FOR the elimination of preemptive rights.

(5) ELIMINATION OF CUMULATIVE VOTING

This proposal is to authorize amendment of the Restated Certificate and the Corporation's Bylaws to eliminate the requirement of cumulative voting in the election of directors.

The Board of Directors recommends that shareholders vote FOR the proposed elimination of cumulative voting.

(6) CLASSIFICATION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND OTHER MATTERS RELATING TO DIRECTORS

This proposal is to approve amendments to Article Seventh of the Corporation's Restated Certificate of Incorporation together with conforming amendments to the Bylaws.

The Classified Board Amendments would classify the Board of Directors into three classes, provide that directors may be removed only for cause and only with an 80% vote, set the Board size between nine and fifteen, and allow vacancies to be filled by the remaining directors.

The Board of Directors recommends that shareholders vote FOR the Classified Board Amendments.

(7) FAIR PRICE PROVISION

This proposal is to authorize amendment of the Restated Certificate to add a "fair price" provision.

The Board of Directors recommends that shareholders vote FOR the adoption of the Fair Price Amendment.

(8) SUPERMAJORITY SHAREHOLDER VOTE TO AMEND CERTAIN ARTICLES OF THE RESTATED CERTIFICATE

This proposal is to authorize amendment of the Company's Restated Certificate to add a new Article Thirteenth that would require an eighty percent (80%) vote of shareholders to alter, amend or repeal certain Articles of the Company's Restated Certificate.

The Board of Directors recommends that shareholders vote FOR the adoption of a supermajority voting provision.

EXHIBIT A

SECOND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH WEST CORPORATION

CENTRAL AND SOUTH WEST CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (the "Corporation"), certifies as follows:

Pursuant to the provisions of Sections 242 and 245 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code Annotated, the stockholders of the Corporation have duly adopted the following Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

FIRST The name of the Corporation is Central and South West Corporation.

SECOND: The registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is located at 1209 Orange Street, New Castle County, Wilmington, Delaware 19801, and the name of its registered agent at that address is The Corporation Trust Company.

THIRD: The nature of the business of the Corporation or object or purposes proposed to be transacted, promoted or carried on by it are:

FOURTH: The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 150,000,000 shares of Common Stock of the par value of $3.50 each.

Each share of Common Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote at all meetings of stockholders. In the election of directors of the Corporation, the principle of cumulative voting shall not apply.

Any shares of Common Stock now or hereafter authorized, and any securities convertible into Common Stock, may be issued without first being offered to stockholders.

The Corporation reserves the right to increase or decrease its authorized capital stock or to reclassify the same and to amend, change or repeal any provision contained in this Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

FIFTH. The Corporation shall have perpetual existence.

SIXTH: The private property of the stockholders of the Corporation shall not be subject to the payment of corporate debts to any extent whatever.

SEVENTH:

(1) At each annual meeting of stockholders, directors of the Corporation shall be elected to hold office until the expiration of the term for which they are elected, and until their successors have been duly elected and qualified.

The directors of the Corporation shall be divided into three classes as nearly equal in size as is practicable, hereby designated Class I, Class II and Class III.

The term of office of the initial Class I directors shall expire at the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders, the term of office of the initial Class II directors shall expire at the second succeeding annual meeting of stockholders and the term of office of the initial Class III directors shall expire at the third succeeding annual meeting of the stockholders.

(2) Any director may be removed from office by the stockholders of the Corporation only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of eighty percent (80%) of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.

(3) The number of directors constituting the entire Board of Directors shall be not less than nine (9) nor more than fifteen (15) as may be fixed from time to time by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board of Directors.

(4) Vacancies occurring on the Board of Directors for any reason may be filled by vote of a majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors.

EIGHTH.-

The following additional provisions are inserted for the management of the business and for the conduct of the affairs of this Corporation and for the creation, definition, limitation and regulation of the powers of the Corporation, the directors and the stockholders:

(1) The Board of Directors shall have power from time to time to fix and determine and to vary the amount to be reserved as a working capital of the Corporation.

(2) The Board of Directors shall also have power without the assent or vote of the stockholders to make, alter, amend and repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation.

(3) Subject to direction by resolution of a majority of the stockholders, the Board of Directors shall have power from time to time to determine whether and to what extent and at what times and places and under what conditions and regulations the accounts and books of the Corporation shall be open to the inspection of stockholders.

NINTH.- Whenever a compromise or arrangement is proposed between this Corporation and its creditors or any class of them and/or between this Corporation and its stockholders or any class of them...

TENTH.- Authorized shares of Common Stock of the Corporation shall be issued in exchange for any remaining outstanding shares of Common Stock of Central and South West Utilities on the following basis:

(1) There shall be issued to each holder of such shares of Common Stock of Central and South West Utilities a number of shares of Common Stock of the Corporation computed by multiplying the number of shares by .8095, rounding down to the next lower whole number, and then multiplying such product by four.

(2) Cash equal to $12.00 multiplied by the fraction by which such product exceeds the next lower whole number shall be paid in lieu of shares in certain cases.

ELEVENTH- To the full extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or any other applicable laws, no director shall be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for acts or omissions in the performance of duties.

TWELFTH.-

A. Higher Vote for Certain Business Transactions.

B. Definition of "Business Combination".

C. When Higher Vote is Not Required.

D. Certain Definitions.

E. Powers of the Continuing Directors.

F. No Effect on Fiduciary Obligations of Interested Stockholders.

G. No Effect on Fiduciary Obligation of Directors.

THIRTEENTH. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least eighty percent (80%) of the combined voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote shall be required to alter, amend or repeal certain provisions.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF

CENTRAL AND SOUTH WEST CORPORATION has caused this Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be signed by the undersigned, its officer, and its corporate seal to be hereunto affixed and attested by the Secretary.

Corporation Name

Officer Name

Officer Title

Secretary Name

Signature Date

Corporate Seal

EXHIBIT B

CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO THE BYLAWS OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH WEST CORPORATION

1. ARTICLE II, SECTION 4 of the Bylaws is hereby amended to change "certificate of incorporation" to "Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation".

2. ARTICLE II, SECTION 5 of the Bylaws is hereby amended to delete such Section in its entirety and replace it with the following provision:

3. ARTICLE III, SECTION 1 of the Bylaws is hereby amended to delete such Section in its entirety and replace it with the following provision:

4. ARTICLE III, SECTION 6 of the Bylaws is hereby amended to change the second sentence.

5. ARTICLE VIII of the Bylaws is hereby amended to add the following provision at the end of such Article before the final period:

Enter text✕

What an Amendment to Corporate Charters and Bylaws Covers

An amendment to corporate charters and bylaws formally changes a corporation's governing documents, including articles of incorporation (charter) and internal bylaws. Amendments usually update corporate powers, share structure, director authority, voting thresholds, or procedural rules. They require board and, where applicable, shareholder approval under state corporate law and the corporation's existing governance rules, and many amendments are filed with the state secretary of state to become effective. Electronic signature and filing options are generally available when compliant with ESIGN and applicable state law.

Why Preparing a Clear Amendment Matters

A clear, correctly executed amendment protects corporate governance, aligns authority with current operations, documents shareholder approvals, and reduces the risk of disputes or regulatory rejection under state corporate codes.

Why Preparing a Clear Amendment Matters

Who Typically Prepares and Signs These Amendments

Multiple roles coordinate an amendment to ensure legal and corporate compliance before filing.

  • Corporate secretaries and in-house counsel who draft language and assemble board packages for approval.
  • Outside corporate attorneys and formation service providers who review statutory requirements and file with the state.
  • Board members and shareholders who vote, sign resolutions, or adopt bylaw changes as required.

Accurate role alignment speeds approval, execution, and filing while reducing post-filing corrections.

Typical Signers and Their Responsibilities

Corporate Secretary

The corporate secretary prepares amendment documents, certifies meeting minutes, tracks approvals, and archives executed amendments. They ensure signatures match corporate authority and coordinate filings with the secretary of state.

General Counsel

General counsel advises on statutory compliance, drafts precise amendment language to avoid unintended consequences, and confirms whether shareholder ratification, special notices, or additional consents are necessary.

Key Elements to Include in a Professional Amendment

A complete amendment includes identification, the precise text changed, authority for change, approval records, effective date, and filing instructions to avoid ambiguity and ensure enforceability.

Document Header

Identify the document as an amendment to the articles of incorporation or bylaws and reference the corporation's legal name and state of incorporation.

Exact Language

Set out the exact article, section, or bylaw text to be deleted, replaced, or added using precise line and paragraph references.

Approval Statement

State whether the amendment was adopted by the board, shareholders, or both, and cite the meeting or written consent authorizing the change.

Effective Date

Specify the effective date or triggering condition for the amendment to avoid disputes about when new rules apply.

Filing Instructions

Note whether the amendment requires filing with the state secretary of state and list who is authorized to submit the filing.

Exhibits

Attach any required resolutions, ballots, shareholder lists, or certificate forms as exhibits to support the filing and recordkeeping.

Step-by-Step: From Draft to Filed Amendment

Follow these core steps to ensure an amendment is validly adopted, executed, and filed with appropriate records updated.

  • 01
    Draft Amendment: Prepare precise amendment language and supporting exhibits.
  • 02
    Obtain Approval: Get board and shareholder approvals as required by bylaws and state law.
  • 03
    Execute Documents: Collect authorized signatures and notarizations if required.
  • 04
    File and Archive: Submit to secretary of state and update corporate minute book.

How Electronic Completion and Filing Typically Works

A consistent e-sign and e-file workflow reduces turnaround and preserves an audit trail for corporate governance and compliance checks.

  • Upload Draft: Upload PDF or DOCX of the amendment to the signing platform.
  • Place Fields: Insert signature, date, and initial fields where required.
  • Authenticate Signers: Choose authentication (email, SMS code, or stronger) per governance needs.
  • Complete and Archive: Execute signatures, download signed PDF, and save the audit report.

Recommended Digital Workflow Settings for Amendments

Configure signing and filing workflows to mirror corporate approval order and to retain complete audit trails for governance records.

Field Configuration
Signing Order Sequential or parallel based on board/shareholder approvals
Authentication Email + SMS code or ID verification for higher assurance
Notarization Option Enable remote online notarization where permitted
Record Retention Retain signed PDF plus audit trail for statutory retention period

Technical Considerations for eSigning and eFiling

Verify file formats, signer authentication, and storage capabilities before completing electronic execution.

  • File Formats: PDF and DOCX supported
  • Integrations: Works with major CRMs
  • Authentication: Email, SMS, KBA options

Timing and Common Filing Expectations

Timelines vary by jurisdiction and corporate governance documents; plan for internal approvals before state submission to avoid late filings and governance gaps.

Internal Notice Periods:

Provide shareholder notice per bylaws and state statute before voting.

Board Resolutions:

Pass and document board approval at a recorded meeting or by written consent.

Filing with State:

File amendment with the secretary of state as required; some states process within days, others weeks.

Effective Timing:

Document the effective date; some filings take effect upon state acceptance.

Record Updates:

Update corporate minute books and share registers promptly after filing.

Key Milestones from Draft to Compliance

Track these sequential milestones to ensure the amendment proceeds smoothly through approval, execution, filing, and recordkeeping.

01

Drafting Complete

Final language and exhibits prepared for review.

02

Approvals Obtained

Board and shareholder votes or written consents recorded.

03

Execution and Notarization

Authorized signatures collected; notarize if state or document requires.

04

Filing and Archival

File with secretary of state and update corporate records.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid When Preparing Amendments

  • Vague amendment language that changes intent or creates inconsistencies with other charter provisions, causing interpretive disputes.
  • Failure to follow prescribed approval thresholds in the bylaws or state statute, which can render amendments voidable.
  • Missing required exhibits or shareholder lists at filing, leading to rejection or requests for correction from the state.
  • Using inconsistent entity names or outdated corporate identifiers that cause filing rejections or administrative delays.

Consequences of Incorrect or Incomplete Amendments

Invalid Amendment: May be unenforceable
State Rejection: Filing may be rejected
Shareholder Dispute: Risk of litigation
Regulatory Scrutiny: Potential fines or corrective orders
Operational Risk: Authority gaps for officers
Costs: Attorney and re-filing fees

Security and Compliance Essentials for Electronic Amendments

Encryption: TLS 1.2/1.3 in transit
At-Rest Protection: AES-256 encryption
Audit Trail: Timestamps, IP, and action log
Authentication: Email, SMS, or stronger MFA
Legal Compliance: ESIGN and UETA compliant
Certifications: SOC 2 Type II, ISO 27001

eSignature Vendor Pricing Snapshot for Document Execution

Compare basic pricing and sending capabilities across providers; signNow appears first per vendor ordering rules and supports multiple plan types for different volumes.

signNow DocuSign Adobe Sign PandaDoc HelloSign
Starting Price $8/user/mo $15/user/mo $14/user/mo $19/user/mo $15/user/mo
Free Trial 7-day free trial Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan
Bulk Send Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Audit Trail Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Envelope Cap No cap 100 envelopes/user/year Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan

Practical Examples of Amendment Workflows

Real-world examples show common amendment scenarios and how digital execution supported timely completion and recordkeeping.

Optica Ventures (COO)

Optica updated its charter to adjust authorized shares ahead of a financing

  • Rapid internal approvals saved meetings
  • The team completed approvals online and filed with the state while preserving a full audit trail for investor records and board minutes.

Martin Properties (Founder)

A real estate holding changed voting thresholds to streamline decision-making

  • Remote trustee signatures were required
  • The company executed amendments electronically and archived certified copies alongside updated ownership schedules for property transactions.

Frequently Asked Questions About Amending Charters and Bylaws

Answers to common procedural and legal questions on amendment execution, notarization, e-signatures, and post-filing corrections.


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