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Commercial Contract

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Contract of Sale and Purchase of Commercial Property (Commercial Building)

Agreement made on the (date), between , a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the state of , with its principal office located at , referred to herein as Seller, and , a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the state of , with its principal office located at , referred to herein as Purchaser.

For and in consideration of the covenants and agreements of the respective parties, as set forth below, Seller agrees to sell and convey to Purchaser, and Purchaser agrees to purchase and take from Seller, the real property situated at , and particularly described in Exhibit A attached hereto and made a part hereof by reference, together with all improvements on the property and appurtenances to it, and the articles of equipment and other personal property listed in Exhibit B, which is attached and incorporated by reference. The real and personal property described above is referred to as Property.

Transfer to Purchaser shall include all right, title, and interest of Seller in and to all streets, alleys, roads, and avenues adjoining the real Property, and shall further include any award for damaging or taking by eminent domain by public or quasi-public authority, of the real property or any part of it.

The following terms, provisions, and conditions are further agreed to by Seller and Purchaser:

1. Price

The purchase price for Property is Dollars (), payable as follows: (describe payment terms)

2. Title

A. Conveyance of title to Property shall be by warranty deed with full covenants, executed by Seller, accompanied by a duly certified resolution of the Board of Directors of Seller, authorizing the conveyance, to Purchaser. Title to be conveyed shall be good and marketable, subject only to (e.g., any and all applicable zoning ordinances, and any and all recorded building restrictions, restrictive covenants, rights-of-way, easements, and mineral reservations applicable to the above described property)

B. Property is presently occupied by tenants under month-to-month tenancies or leases, as set forth in Schedule C, which is attached and made a part of this Agreement. Transfer of title and possession to Property shall be subject to those tenancies, but all right, title and interest of Seller in Property shall be transferred to Purchaser.

C. Conveyance of title shall be made and sale closed within days after the date of this Agreement. Title shall be evidenced by a standard form title insurance binder issued by , committing itself to insure that good and marketable title to Property to be in Purchaser, subject only to the matters set forth in this Agreement.

3. Assessments

If, at the time of transfer of title, Property or any part of Property is subject to an assessment or assessments payable in installments, all such installments not due or delinquent at the time of transfer shall nevertheless be deemed to be due and payable at such time and as liens on the real Property described above, and all such assessments shall be paid and discharged by Seller.

4. Proration

A. The following items shall be prorated as of the closing: unpaid rentals, real estate taxes due but not delinquent, prepaid insurance premiums

B. Closing shall occur and disbursements made when the closing attorney is in a position to record all documents required under this Agreement, make all disbursements, and issue or secure an acceptable title insurance policy.

5. Risk of Loss, Maintenance and Transfer of Possession

A. Risk of loss or damage by fire or other casualty to Property or any part of Property prior to closing shall be the risk of Seller. In the event of such loss or damage prior to closing, this Agreement shall not be affected but Seller shall assign to Purchaser all rights under any insurance policy or policies applicable to the loss. If action is necessary to recover under any casualty policy, Seller shall grant permission to bring the action in Seller's name.

B. Improvements and personal property described above shall be maintained in their present condition prior to the close of escrow by Seller, wear from normal and reasonable use and deterioration excepted.

C. Possession of Property, subject to the leases and tenancies referred to above, shall be transferred at closing.

6. Commercial Zoning

Seller warrants that Property is zoned for commercial purposes and that all existing uses are lawful and within such zoning. Purchaser plans the use of Property for [(describe purposes, such as the construction of a five-story masonry building near the corner of Property, bordered by (names of streets), to be used as a professional office building)]

Plans and specifications for the building have been prepared by (Name), architect for Purchaser, and have been examined by Seller. Purchaser intends to apply for a building permit with appropriate amendments to the existing zoning plan for the area in which Property is located. Seller will cooperate fully with Purchaser with respect to the contemplated plans. If Purchaser is unable to proceed with the described project because of any adverse decision of (e.g. zoning board of the city of ___________), Purchaser shall (describe remedy such as rescission of the Agreement)

7. Broker's Commission

A commission of Dollars () will become due from Seller to by reason of the sale provided for in this Agreement. That amount shall be paid to broker at closing directly, from cash payable on closing to Seller.

8. No Waiver

The failure of either party to this Agreement to insist upon the performance of any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, or the waiver of any breach of any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, shall not be construed as subsequently waiving any such terms and conditions, but the same shall continue and remain in full force and effect as if no such forbearance or waiver had occurred.

9. Governing Law

This Agreement shall be governed by, construed, and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of .

10. Notices

Any notice provided for or concerning this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed sufficiently given when sent by certified or registered mail if sent to the respective address of each party as set forth at the beginning of this Agreement.

11. Attorney’s Fees

In the event that any lawsuit is filed in relation to this Agreement, the unsuccessful party in the action shall pay to the successful party, in addition to all the sums that either party may be called on to pay, a reasonable sum for the successful party's attorney fees.

12. Mandatory Arbitration

Any dispute under this Agreement shall be required to be resolved by binding arbitration of the parties hereto. If the parties cannot agree on an arbitrator, each party shall select one arbitrator and both arbitrators shall then select a third. The third arbitrator so selected shall arbitrate said dispute. The arbitration shall be governed by the rules of the American Arbitration Association then in force and effect.

13. Entire Agreement

This Agreement shall constitute the entire agreement between the parties and any prior understanding or representation of any kind preceding the date of this Agreement shall not be binding upon either party except to the extent incorporated in this Agreement.

14. Modification of Agreement

Any modification of this Agreement or additional obligation assumed by either party in connection with this Agreement shall be binding only if placed in writing and signed by each party or an authorized representative of each party.

15. Assignment of Rights

The rights of each party under this Agreement are personal to that party and may not be assigned or transferred to any other person, firm, corporation, or other entity without the prior, express, and written consent of the other party.

16. Counterparts

This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which together shall constitute but one and the same instrument.

WITNESS our signatures as of the day and date first above stated.

By:

By:

Enter text✕

What a Commercial Contract Is and When It's Used

A Commercial Contract is a written agreement that records the rights, duties, pricing, delivery, payment terms, warranties, and remedies between businesses or between a business and another legal entity. It defines the commercial relationship and allocates commercial risk, typically covering scope of work, consideration, performance milestones, indemnities, limitations of liability, confidentiality, termination, and governing law. Commercial Contracts are used for sales of goods, services, licensing, distribution, and joint ventures; they form the baseline evidence of commercial terms for dispute resolution and regulatory compliance.

Why a Clear Commercial Contract Matters

A well-drafted Commercial Contract reduces ambiguity, sets performance expectations, and limits downstream disputes by documenting price, deliverables, timelines, and remedies.

Why a Clear Commercial Contract Matters

Who Typically Prepares and Signs Commercial Contracts

Commercial Contracts are prepared and reviewed by procurement, legal, finance, and business development teams before execution.

  • Procurement and Purchasing teams — draft and negotiate supply terms, delivery schedules, and acceptance criteria.
  • Legal and Contracts departments — review liability, indemnity, and compliance language; track amendment procedures.
  • Finance and Accounts Payable — confirm payment terms, taxes, and invoicing requirements prior to signature.

Final approval often requires cross-functional sign-off to ensure contractual obligations align with operational capabilities and regulatory requirements.

Typical Signatory Roles

Authorized Signatory

An authorized signatory is an officer or agent with delegated authority to bind the company. Verify board resolutions or delegation letters when signing material agreements to avoid later challenges to authority.

Procurement Officer

A procurement officer may execute contracts within preapproved dollar limits; larger commitments generally require executive or legal sign-off and documented purchasing authority.

Core Sections Every Commercial Contract Should Include

A professional Commercial Contract contains a consistent set of clauses that allocate risk and define performance. Include precise language for each element to reduce ambiguity and support enforcement.

Parties and Recitals

Identify each party by full legal name and entity type, include the effective date, and state the contract purpose to establish context and identity for enforcement.

Scope of Work

Describe deliverables, specifications, acceptance criteria, milestones, and any exhibits or change-order processes that govern modifications to the scope.

Payment Terms

Specify currency, invoice timing, due dates, late fees, taxes, and any performance-based payments or retainers to prevent disputes over compensation.

Warranties and Remedies

Set express warranties, disclaimers, cure periods, and the remedies available for breach, including limitations of liability and consequential damages exclusions.

Confidentiality

Define confidential information, permitted disclosures, duration of confidentiality obligations, and exceptions such as compelled disclosure.

Governing Law and Dispute Resolution

Choose governing state law, include venue or arbitration clauses, and specify injunctive relief or mandatory mediation where appropriate.

Step-by-Step: Preparing and Executing a Commercial Contract

Follow a consistent sequence from drafting through signature to ensure completeness, approval, and enforceability.

  • 01
    Draft: Assemble clauses, annex exhibits, and insert precise pricing and milestone language.
  • 02
    Review: Legal and finance review for compliance, tax effects, and risk allocation.
  • 03
    Approve: Obtain internal approvals per delegated authority and record signatory limits.
  • 04
    Execute: Sign, date, and distribute fully executed copies to all parties and retention systems.

Typical Digital Workflow Settings for Contract Execution

Configure eSignature workflows to match signer order, authentication strength, and retention requirements before sending.

Field Configuration
Signer Order Sequential or parallel routing per approval flow.
Authentication Email link, SMS code, or stronger KBA/2FA as required.
Reminders Set automated reminders and expiry for unsigned requests.
Retention Enable durable storage and export of audit trails and PDFs.

Where to Send or File a Commercial Contract After Execution

After execution, route the completed contract to internal and external destinations for performance, accounting, and legal compliance.

  • Counterparty: Provide signed copy to the other contracting party for their records and performance actions.
  • Contracts Repository: Upload final PDF and audit trail to the centralized contract management system.
  • Finance: Send invoice schedule and payment terms to accounts payable for setup.
  • Legal: File executed agreement with contract folder and redline history for reference.

Digital Signing and File Format Requirements

Choose a platform that supports PDF and DOCX imports, audit trails, and the authentication level your organization requires.

  • File Types: PDF, DOCX, and HTML are commonly supported for import and signing.
  • Authentication: Use email, SMS, or stronger KBA/2FA per risk and compliance needs.
  • Integrations: Connectors to CRM, ERP, and cloud storage simplify routing and retention.

Validate that the chosen system captures a robust audit trail (timestamps, IPs, signer attribution) and retains signed records in a tamper-evident format for legal admissibility and records retention.

Download, Export, and Supporting Documents

Ensure the final contract bundle includes signed PDF, certificate of completion, and any required supporting exhibits or authorizations.

Signed PDF

Export a single, flattened PDF containing all signatures and the platform's certificate of completion for long-term storage and court admissibility.

Audit Trail

Retain the audit record showing signing events, IP addresses, timestamps, and authentication methods used during execution.

Exhibits and SOWs

Attach referenced exhibits, schedules, and technical specifications to the executed contract to preserve context and acceptance criteria.

Authority Documents

Keep delegation letters, board resolutions, or PO approvals that confirm signer authority alongside the contract.

Common Contract Timelines and Deadlines to Track

Calendar key dates clearly to manage performance, payments, renewal windows, and notice periods.

Effective Date:

Date when obligations and warranties begin; use MM/DD/YYYY format.

Delivery Milestone:

Target dates for deliverables and acceptance testing per SOW.

Payment Due Date:

Invoice terms like Net 30 or Net 45 determine cashflow and late fees.

Renewal Notice:

Contractual notice period for renewal or termination, often 30–90 days.

Dispute Window:

Contractual claim notice and cure periods that precede formal disputes.

Key Contract Lifecycle Milestones

Monitor milestone progression from negotiation through closeout to ensure obligations are met and records preserved.

01

Negotiation Complete

Agreed terms are redlined and ready for final approval.

02

Internal Approvals

Required departmental sign-offs completed per delegated authority.

03

Execution

All required signatures collected and dated; signed copies distributed.

04

Contract Closeout

Final acceptance, payment reconciliation, and archival of records.

Notarization and Witness Authentication Steps

When notarization or witness signatures are required, follow these steps to ensure validity and retention of authentication evidence.

01

Identify Requirement

Confirm whether the contract type or state law requires notarization or witnesses.

02

Select Notary Type

Choose in-person notary or Remote Online Notarization (RON) where permitted.

03

Verify Identity

Use government ID and required identity-proofing steps such as KBA or credential analysis for RON.

04

Record Session

Retain audio-video recording and notary journal if using RON, per state rules.

05

Witness Signatures

Collect witness printed names, signatures, and contact details when required by statute.

06

Attach Acknowledgement

Include notary acknowledgement or jurat with the executed contract for recordkeeping.

07

Store Authentication

Archive notary records alongside the executed contract for the retention period.

08

Consult Local Rules

Notary and witness requirements vary by state; check the state notary commission.

Common Mistakes When Preparing a Commercial Contract

  • Using ambiguous scope language that creates divergent expectations and later disputes over deliverables or acceptance.
  • Omitting clear payment terms or invoicing instructions, which delays collections and triggers cashflow problems.
  • Failing to confirm signer authority or corporate delegation, exposing agreements to challenge or repudiation.
  • Neglecting to record governing law, venue, or dispute resolution clauses, complicating enforcement across jurisdictions.

Penalties and Risks of an Incorrect or Incomplete Contract

Breach Exposure: Monetary liability
Tax Consequences: Incorrect withholding
Regulatory Risk: HIPAA or industry fines
Enforceability: Void or voidable terms
Operational Delay: Missed deliveries
Reputational Harm: Client distrust

Essential Contract Data Elements to Capture

Legal Names: Full registered names
Effective Date: MM/DD/YYYY format
Payment Terms: Net days and currency
Scope Summary: Concise deliverable list
Signatures: Printed name and title
Notary Info: When applicable

eSignature Pricing Comparison Relevant to Commercial Contracts

Compare starter pricing and core capabilities when selecting an eSignature provider for commercial contract workflows; signNow appears first in the vendor list below.

signNow DocuSign Adobe Sign PandaDoc HelloSign
Starting Price $8/user/mo $15/user/mo (100 envelopes/user/yr cap) $14/user/mo $19/user/mo $15/user/mo
Free Trial 7-day trial Varies Varies Varies Varies
Bulk Send Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Audit Trail Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
HIPAA Compliant Yes Yes Yes No No

How a Commercial Contract Compares to Similar Agreement Types

Use this quick comparison to choose the right document type for a transaction: a Commercial Contract differs from NDAs and purchase orders in scope and enforceability.

Criteria Commercial Contract NDA
Primary Purpose transact goods/services protect confidentiality
Payment Terms included typically none
Complexity high low
Typical Use sales, services, licensing precontract discussions

Real-World Commercial Contract Uses

These short examples show common commercial contract scenarios and practical outcomes when agreements are clear and executed properly.

SaaS Licensing Agreement

A technology vendor defined subscription tiers, SLAs, and data protection measures during negotiation.

  • The counterparty negotiated a penalty for missed SLA targets.
  • The defined KPIs and remedies reduced service disputes and supported faster incident resolutions while preserving customer retention and revenue recognition accuracy.

Construction Subcontract

A contractor used a detailed SOW and payment schedule tied to milestones.

  • The owner required lien waiver language.
  • With clear milestones and conditional payments, the parties minimized payment delays, resolved quality disputes during punchlist, and protected progress-payment cashflow.

Practical Tips for Accurate and Efficient Contract Completion

Adopt consistent practices that streamline negotiation, reduce rework, and preserve enforceability across contracts.

Use Standardized Templates
Maintain approved templates with pre-reviewed clauses to speed negotiation and ensure consistent risk allocation across similar transactions.
Confirm Signatory Authority
Obtain delegation documentation or board resolutions for high-value agreements to prevent later challenges to the contract's validity.
Version Control
Track redlines and ensure the executed version exactly matches the agreed document to avoid disputes about agreed terms.
Capture Audit Trails
Preserve signing metadata, authentication logs, and certificate(s) of completion to support admissibility and compliance.

Frequently Asked Questions About Commercial Contracts

Answers to common questions about execution, electronic signatures, notarization, authority, and recordkeeping for Commercial Contracts.


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