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Health Care Power of Attorney

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ADVANCE INSTRUCTION
FOR MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT
(North Carolina General Statutes 122C-77)

I, , being an adult of sound mind, willfully and voluntarily make this advance instruction for mental health treatment to be followed if it is determined by a physician or eligible psychologist that my ability to receive and evaluate information effectively or communicate decisions is impaired to such an extent that I lack the capacity to refuse or consent to mental health treatment. "Mental health treatment" means the process of providing for the physical, emotional, psychological, and social needs of the principal. "Mental health treatment" includes electroconvulsive treatment (ECT), commonly referred to as "shock treatment", treatment of mental illness with psychotropic medication, and admission to and retention in a facility for care or treatment of mental illness. I understand that under G.S. 122C-57, other than for specific exceptions stated there, mental health treatment may not be administered without my express and informed written consent or, if I am incapable of giving my informed consent, the express and informed consent of my legally responsible person, my health care agent named pursuant to a valid health care power of attorney, or my consent expressed in this advance instruction for mental health treatment. I understand that I may become incapable of giving or withholding informed consent for mental health treatment due to the symptoms of a diagnosed mental disorder. These symptoms may include:

PSYCHOACTIVE MEDICATIONS

If I become incapable of giving or withholding informed consent for mental health treatment, my instructions regarding psychoactive medications are as follows: (Place initials beside choice.)

I consent to the administration of the following medications:

I do not consent to the administration of the following medications:

Conditions or limitations:

ADMISSION TO AND RETENTION IN FACILITY

If I become incapable of giving or withholding informed consent for mental health treatment, my instructions regarding admission to and retention in a health care facility for mental health treatment are as follows: (Place initials beside choice.)

I consent to being admitted to a health care facility for mental health treatment.

My facility preference is

I do not consent to being admitted to a health care facility for mental health treatment.

This advance instruction cannot, by law, provide consent to retain me in a facility for more than 10 days.

Conditions or limitations:

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS

These instructions shall apply during the entire length of my incapacity.

In case of mental health crisis, please contact:

1. Name:

Home Address:

Home Telephone Number:

Work Telephone Number:

Relationship to Me:

2. Name:

Home Address:

Home Telephone Number:

Work Telephone Number:

Relationship to Me:

3. My Physician:

Name:

Telephone Number:

4. My Therapist:

Name:

Telephone Number:

The following may cause me to experience a mental health crisis:

The following may help me avoid a hospitalization:

I generally react to being hospitalized as follows:

Staff of the hospital or crisis unit can help me by doing the following:

I give permission for the following person or people to visit me:

Instructions concerning any other medical interventions, such as electroconvulsive (ECT) treatment (commonly referred to as "shock treatment"):

Other instructions:

I have attached an additional sheet of instructions to be followed and considered part of this advance instruction.

SHARING OF INFORMATION BY PROVIDERS

I understand that the information in this document may be shared by my mental health treatment provider with any other mental health treatment provider who may serve me when necessary to provide treatment in accordance with this advance instruction.

Other instructions about sharing of information:

SIGNATURE OF PRINCIPAL

By signing here, I indicate that I am mentally alert and competent, fully informed as to the contents of this document, and understand the full impact of having made this advance instruction for mental health treatment.

Signature of Principal:

Date:

NATURE OF WITNESSES

I hereby state that the principal is personally known to me, that the principal signed or acknowledged the principal's signature on this advance instruction for mental health treatment in my presence, that the principal appears to be of sound mind and not under duress, fraud, or undue influence, and that I am not:

  1. The attending physician or mental health service provider or an employee of the physician or mental health treatment provider;
  2. An owner, operator, or employee of an owner or operator of a health care facility in which the principal is a patient or resident; or
  3. Related within the third degree to the principal or to the principal's spouse.

AFFIRMATION OF WITNESSES

We affirm that the principal is personally known to us, that the principal signed or acknowledged the principal's signature on this advance instruction for mental health treatment in our presence, that the principal appears to be of sound mind and not under duress, fraud, or undue influence, and that neither of us is:

  1. A person appointed as an attorney-in-fact by this document;
  2. The principal's attending physician or mental health service provider or a relative of the physician or provider;
  3. The owner, operator, or relative of an owner or operator of a facility in which the principal is a patient or resident; or
  4. A person related to the principal by blood, marriage, or adoption.

Witnessed by:

Witness:

Date:

Witness:

Date:

CERTIFICATION OF NOTARY PUBLIC

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA

COUNTY OF

I,

a Notary Public for the County cited above in the State of North Carolina, hereby certify that appeared before me and swore or affirmed to me and to the witnesses in my presence that this instrument is an advance instruction for mental health

treatment, and that he/she willingly and voluntarily made and executed it as his/her free act and deed for the purposes expressed in it.

I further certify that and witnesses, appeared before me and swore or affirmed that they witnessed

sign the attached advance instruction for mental health treatment, believing him/her to be of sound mind; and also swore that at the time they witnessed the signing they were not (i) the attending physician or mental health treatment provider or an employee of the physician or mental health treatment provider and (ii) they were not an owner, operator, or employee of an owner or operator of a health care facility in which the principal is a patient or resident, and (iii) they were not related within the third degree to the principal or to the principal's spouse.

I further certify that I am satisfied as to the genuineness and due execution of the instrument.

This is the day of 20

Notary Public

My Commission expires:

NOTICE TO PERSON MAKING AN INSTRUCTION
FOR MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT

This is an important legal document. It creates an instruction for mental health treatment. Before signing this document you should know these important facts:

  1. This document allows you to make decisions in advance about certain types of mental health treatment.
  2. The instructions you include in this declaration will be followed if a physician or eligible psychologist determines that you are incapable of making and communicating treatment decisions. Otherwise you will be considered capable to give or withhold consent for the treatments.
  3. Your instructions may be overridden if you are being held in accordance with civil commitment law.
  4. Under the Health Care Power of Attorney you may also appoint a person as your health care agent to make treatment decisions for you if you become incapable.
  5. You have the right to revoke this document at any time you have not been determined to be incapable.
  6. YOU MAY NOT REVOKE THIS ADVANCE INSTRUCTION WHEN YOU ARE FOUND INCAPABLE BY A PHYSICIAN OR OTHER AUTHORIZED MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT PROVIDER.
  7. A revocation is effective when it is communicated to your attending physician or other provider. The physician or other provider shall note the revocation in your medical record.
  8. To be valid, this advance instruction must be signed by two qualified witnesses, personally known to you, who are present when you sign or acknowledge your signature. It must also be acknowledged before a notary public.

NOTICE TO PHYSICIAN OR OTHER MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT PROVIDER

  1. Under North Carolina law, a person may use this advance instruction to provide consent for future mental health treatment if the person later becomes incapable of making those decisions.
  2. Under the Health Care Power of Attorney the person may also appoint a health care agent to make mental health treatment decisions for the person when incapable. A person is
  3. "incapable" when in the opinion of a physician or eligible psychologist the person currently lacks sufficient understanding or capacity to make and communicate mental health treatment decisions.
  4. This document becomes effective upon its proper execution and remains valid unless revoked.
  5. Upon being presented with this advance instruction, the physician or other provider must make it a part of the person's medical record.
  6. The attending physician or other mental health treatment provider must act in accordance with the statements expressed in the advance instruction when the person is determined to be incapable, unless compliance is not consistent with G.S. 122C-74(g).
  7. The physician or other mental health treatment provider shall promptly notify the principal and, if applicable, the health care agent, and document noncompliance with any part of an advance instruction in the principal's medical record.
  8. The physician or other mental health treatment provider may rely upon the authority of a signed, witnessed, dated, and notarized advance instruction, as provided in G.S. 122C-75.
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What a Health Care Power of Attorney Is and when it matters

A Health Care Power of Attorney (HCPA) is a legal document that authorizes a named agent to make medical and healthcare decisions on behalf of the principal if they become unable to decide for themselves. It typically names one or more agents, specifies the scope of authority, and can include HIPAA release language to permit access to protected health information. The HCPA may be durable (survives incapacity) or springing (effective only upon specified conditions) and is governed by state law and general federal e-signature frameworks when executed electronically.

Why a Health Care Power of Attorney is important

A completed HCPA ensures your healthcare preferences are executed by a trusted agent and reduces uncertainty for clinicians and family. Legally structured HCPAs preserve decision continuity, permit prompt access to medical records when a HIPAA release is included, and avoid court-appointed guardianship in most circumstances; electronic execution is accepted under ESIGN (15 U.S.C. §7001) and UETA where applicable.

Why a Health Care Power of Attorney is important

Who typically completes a Health Care Power of Attorney

Common users include adults planning for incapacity, caregivers preparing for future decision-making, and professionals assisting clients with advance care planning.

  • Adults with chronic or progressive conditions who want a designated decision-maker.
  • Older adults arranging long-term care decisions and hospital access.
  • Caregivers and family members establishing legally recognized authority to act quickly.

The HCPA is relevant across ages and health statuses; anyone who wants to control medical decision-making and designate an agent should consider completing one.

Step-by-step: completing a Health Care Power of Attorney

Follow these steps to produce a clear, enforceable HCPA that is accepted by medical providers and institutions.

  • 01
    Choose an Agent: Select a trusted person willing and able to make medical decisions on your behalf.
  • 02
    Define Authority: Specify what decisions the agent may make, including life-sustaining treatment and access to records.
  • 03
    Sign with Formalities: Sign, date, and follow state witness/notary rules to satisfy legal formalities.
  • 04
    Distribute Copies: Give copies to agent, clinicians, and family; store originals securely and share electronic copies where accepted.

Practical workflow for review, execution, and follow-up

Use this grid-style checklist to coordinate drafting, legal review, authentication, and distribution of the signed HCPA.

01

Draft Document:

Prepare clear authority clauses and optional HIPAA release consistent with state law.
02

Legal Review:

Consider attorney review where medical authority or asset access is complex.
03

Notarize/Witness:

Complete required notary or witness steps per your state to ensure enforceability.
04

Share Copies:

Provide originals or certified copies to providers and the named agent.
05

Record if Needed:

Record or file only if state or institutions require recorded POA documents for certain rights.
06

Periodic Review:

Review every 2–5 years or after major life events and update as needed.

Key sections to include in a professional Health Care Power of Attorney

A well-drafted HCPA contains discrete sections that clarify authority, trigger conditions, and authentication so agents and providers can act without uncertainty.

Durable Language

Include explicit durability so the agent’s authority continues after incapacity; absent this, some states treat the POA as terminating at incapacity.

Health Decision Scope

List the specific medical decisions the agent may make, such as consent for procedures, admission/discharge, and selection of clinicians.

HIPAA Authorization

Add a separate HIPAA release that clearly authorizes providers to disclose protected health information to the agent when necessary.

Springing Provision

If using a springing rule, define the standard for incapacity (physician certification, court order) to avoid ambiguity at activation.

Successor Agents

Name alternates in order to ensure there is a clear chain of authority if the primary agent cannot serve.

Revocation Clause

Specify how to revoke or amend the HCPA and note that a new HCPA supersedes prior versions when executed properly.

Mandatory fields and key data points to include

Principal Name: Full legal name
Agent Details: Full name and contact
Alternate Agent: Successor agent info
Authority Scope: Specific decision areas
Effective Date: MM/DD/YYYY format
Witness/Notary: As required by state

Consequences and legal risks of an incorrect or incomplete HCPA

Unenforceability: Incorrect formalities can render the HCPA invalid
Agent Disputes: Vague powers can trigger family or provider conflicts
Access Denied: Lack of HIPAA authorization blocks medical record access
Court Intervention: Absent valid HCPA, guardianship may be required
Data Privacy: Improper disclosures can violate HIPAA
Operational Delay: Hospitals may delay non-emergency actions without clear authority

Common mistakes to avoid when preparing an HCPA

  • Failing to name successor agents or provide contact information leads to gaps when the primary agent is unavailable or unwilling.
  • Using vague authority language such as 'broad discretion' without specific medical examples causes institutional hesitancy or rejection.
  • Omitting a HIPAA release prevents your agent from obtaining medical records, even if they have decision authority under the HCPA.
  • Neglecting required state witness or notarization steps often results in the document being treated as ineffective by providers or courts.

How to distribute and submit the completed HCPA

After execution, provide the signed HCPA to clinical teams, the named agent, and any institutions that may rely on it to avoid administrative delays.

  • Give to Agent: Provide original or certified copy to your designated agent immediately.
  • Share with Clinicians: Supply copies to primary care and specialists to place in medical records.
  • File with Hospital: Deliver copy to hospitals where you receive care to ensure rapid recognition.
  • Store Originals: Keep original with other estate documents and give copies to close family.

Configuring an electronic execution workflow

Set authentication, fields, and notifications to match legal and institutional requirements when completing the HCPA electronically.

Field Configuration
Signature Type Choose typed, drawn, or PKI as required by institution
Authentication Use email plus SMS or higher for agent identity verification
Conditional Fields Show HIPAA release only if selecting medical records access
Notifications Enable copies to agent, clinician, and principal after signing

Electronic signing and technical considerations

Ensure the signing platform supports required authentication, audit trails, and export formats acceptable to providers and legal counsel.

  • Authentication Options: Email, SMS, KBA, or advanced methods
  • Document Formats: PDF, DOCX supported by most providers
  • Integrations: Connectors: EHRs, cloud storage, and CRM

Timing considerations and expected processing steps

There are no uniform federal filing deadlines for an HCPA, but executing and distributing the document promptly reduces administrative delays when decisions are needed.

Execution Date:

Document takes effect on the date signed unless a future effective date is specified

Agent Acceptance:

Agent should acknowledge acceptance promptly to avoid uncertainty during an emergency

Provider Notification:

Deliver copies to treating providers as soon as possible after signing

Periodic Review:

Review every 2–5 years or after major health or life changes

Revocation Notice:

Provide written revocation to agent and providers immediately when cancelling the HCPA

How a Health Care Power of Attorney compares to similar advance directives

Compare core differences so you choose the document that matches your goals: agent-based decisions, written treatment instructions, or separate privacy consents.

Criteria Health Care POA Living Will
Primary Purpose agent makes decisions directs specific treatments
Decision Scope broad medical authority limited to end-of-life care
Witness/Notary varies by state varies by state
Revocation revocable by principal revocable by principal

Electronic signing options and pricing for HCPA execution

Compare common eSignature vendors and basic plan features relevant to executing HIPAA-sensitive or notarized documents; signNow is listed first per table conventions.

signNow DocuSign Adobe Sign PandaDoc HelloSign
Starting Price $8/user/mo $15/user/mo $14/user/mo $19/user/mo $15/user/mo
Free Trial 7-day free trial, no card No free plan No free plan Yes, limited plan Yes, limited plan
Bulk Send Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Audit Trail Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
HIPAA Compliant Yes Yes Yes No No

Frequently asked questions about Health Care Power of Attorney

Answers to common questions about validity, notarization, electronic signatures, HIPAA access, revocation, and institutional acceptance.


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