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Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, and Humans & Plants

Name Date Period

Photosynthesis: Making Energy

Objective: The objective of photosynthesis is to make glucose (sugar).

Chloroplasts

Photosynthesis is a process in which sunlight energy is used to make glucose. The site of photosynthesis is in the chloroplast – an organelle found in the leaves of green plants. The main functions of chloroplasts are to produce food (glucose) during photosynthesis, and to store food energy. Chloroplasts contain the pigment, chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs most of the colors in the color spectrum, and reflects only green and yellow wavelengths of light. This is why we see leaves as green or yellow – because these colors are reflected into our eyes.

1. What is photosynthesis?

2. Where does photosynthesis occur?

3. What are chloroplasts and where are they found?

4. What are the two main functions of chloroplasts?

5. Why do most leaves appear green?

6. What is the primary pigment found in the chloroplast?

Photosynthesis

Glucose is another name for sugar. The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. Plants make sugar by using the energy from sunlight to transform CO2 from the air with water from the ground into glucose. This process, called photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast of the plant cell. During this process, oxygen (O2) is created as a waste product and is released into the air for us to breathe. The formula for photosynthesis is:

CO2 + H2O + sunlight ----> C6H12O6 + O2

7. What is the formula for photosynthesis?

8. What three things are used to make glucose in photosynthesis?

9. Where does the water come from?

10. Where does the water enter the plant?

11. Name 3 some sources of CO2.

12. What type of energy does the plant use to convert CO2 and H2O into sugar?

13. What is produced in photosynthesis?

14. What is the glucose used for?

15. What is the oxygen used for?

16. Here are three different ways to visualize the photosynthesis reaction: Is it easier for you to understand the reaction by using pictures, words, or symbols? Why?

Essential Question: Describe, using scientific terms, how plants turn sunlight into energy? Make sure to refer to the chemical equation to photosynthesis and discuss the reactants and products.

Cellular Respiration: Breaking down Energy

Objective:

1. What process happens in the mitochondria?

2. What is the purpose of the process in #1 (what does it create)?

Introduction to Cellular Respiration

Organisms, such as plants and algae, can trap the energy in sunlight through photosynthesis and store it in the chemical bonds of carbohydrate molecules. The principal carbohydrate formed through photosynthesis is glucose. Other types of organisms, such as animals, fungi, protozoa, and a large portion of the bacteria, are unable to perform this process. Therefore, these organisms must rely on the carbohydrates formed in plants to obtain the energy necessary for their metabolic processes. This means they must eat plants and other animals in order to gain energy.

4. Some organisms perform photosynthesis to produce energy. Other organisms cannot do photosynthesis. What can they do in order to generate energy?

5. Animals and other organisms obtain the energy available in carbohydrates through the process of cellular respiration. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

6. What happens to carbohydrates during cellular respiration?

7. What is the chemical energy in the cell called?

8. What does ATP stand for?

9. What is one product of cellular respiration?

10. How do animals get rid of the carbon dioxide? What body system is involved with removing this waste?

11. Oxygen is a product or reactant of respiration?

Energy-producing process

Energy-producing process Reaction Location in cell
Photosynthesis 12. Chloroplast
Cellular respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + energy 13.

Reflection Question: Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Be sure to include the main purpose of both and where they occur inside the cell.

Humans and Plants

Humans need plants. All animals do. Humanity's relationship with plants has actually made it possible for us to have a civilization. Before we had cities, humans went around in little packs and were hunter-gatherers. We ate rats, birds, berries, and whatever food we could find. It wasn't very efficient. One day someone had the bright idea to plant the plants we like to eat. When humans did that, they were able to stay in one place full time. Then came the cities and a huge system of agriculture to support millions of people.

Big Time Farming

As time has passed, we have taken farming to new levels. We have manipulated species to create big apples and large ears of corn. The plants would never have done it in the wild. It took man to change the plants. We are also moving toward the genetic alteration of plants. We're trying to make plants that are resistant to disease and bugs. These stronger plants will allow our crops to give us more food from the same amount of space.

1. Genetic alteration probably refers to altering what…. (found in the nucleus)

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What the Untitled Document Is and when it applies

The Untitled Document is a standardized template used to record agreements, acknowledgments, or transactional data between parties in a single written record. It can serve as a contract, acknowledgement, or submission form depending on the context, and is intended to capture essential facts, signatures, dates, and any required attachments. When completed correctly it creates an auditable record suitable for electronic storage and eSignature under U.S. law, provided the transaction is not one of the statute-based exceptions that require wet-ink or hand-delivered originals.

Why accurate completion matters

Completing the Untitled Document clearly reduces legal risk, avoids processing delays, and ensures enforceability under ESIGN and UETA when signatures and retention requirements are met. Accurate fields speed review and filing while reducing the chance of penalties, rework, or rejected submissions.

Why accurate completion matters

Who typically completes and signs this document

The Untitled Document is used by a range of professionals who need a clear, auditable record of agreement or submission.

  • Real estate agents and property managers completing lease or disclosure records for tenants and buyers.
  • Healthcare administrators collecting patient authorizations and administrative acknowledgments under HIPAA.
  • Finance and legal teams capturing approvals, tax-related information, or contractual consent for transactions.

Use the correct signer roles and complete required fields to maintain validity and avoid administrative or legal complications.

Typical signers and approvers

Authorized Signer

A corporate officer or authorized agent with the delegated authority to bind the organization. Verify delegation by board resolution or written authorization before signing to prevent disputes over authority.

Individual Parties

Individuals such as tenants, patients, or contractors who must provide full legal name, identity verification, and a dated signature to show intent and consent under ESIGN and UETA.

Core parts of a professional Untitled Document

A well‑prepared Untitled Document groups critical content into identifiable sections so signers and reviewers can confirm obligations and timing quickly.

Header

Document title, parties, and purpose are stated clearly at the top so reviewers immediately understand scope and context.

Recitals

Brief background facts or intent clauses that explain why the parties are entering the agreement or submitting information.

Core Terms

Essential obligations, payment terms, dates, and deliverables written in plain language and itemized where appropriate.

Signature Blocks

Designated areas for each signer with printed name, title, date, and space for electronic or handwritten signatures.

Attachments

Exhibits, schedules, or supporting documents should be labeled and referenced in the main body to avoid ambiguity.

Audit Trail

Record of signing events, timestamps, and authentication methods so the document can be reproduced and validated later.

Step-by-step: filling out the Untitled Document

Follow these sequential steps to complete, verify, and finalize the document with minimal errors.

  • 01
    Prepare: Gather party names, addresses, IDs, and any attachments before you start.
  • 02
    Complete fields: Enter all required information, using MM/DD/YYYY for dates and full legal names.
  • 03
    Review: Confirm all entries, correct errors, and ensure attachments are referenced and included.
  • 04
    Sign: Apply signatures and dates; use required authentication if eSigning.

Where to send or file the completed document

Choose the correct recipient and delivery method based on the document’s purpose and any statutory filing requirements.

  • Internal Records: Store a signed copy in your corporate file or document management system for audit and retention.
  • Counterparty Delivery: Send the executed copy to the other party via their preferred secure channel or email.
  • Regulatory Filing: Submit to the specified agency or office when the document requires public filing or registration.
  • Third-Party Recipients: Provide copies to lenders, insurers, or payroll providers as contractually required.

Recommended digital workflow settings

Configure your digital workflow before sending to reduce signer friction and ensure compliance with authentication and retention needs.

Field Configuration
Authentication Email link, SMS code, or KBA depending on required assurance level
Field Types Signature, initial, date, text, checkbox, and conditional fields
Conditional Logic Show or hide fields based on prior answers to reduce errors
Notifications Set reminders and completion notices to specified recipients

Digital submission and platform requirements

Digital completion requires a platform that supports required file formats, signer authentication, and secure storage.

  • File Formats: PDF, DOCX, HTML, and XLSX are commonly supported
  • Integrations: Salesforce, Microsoft 365, NetSuite, Google Workspace
  • Authentication: Email link, SMS code, or stronger methods when required

Typical timelines and processing expectations

Understand internal and external deadlines so submissions are accepted and obligations begin when expected.

Internal turnaround:

Allow 24–72 hours for reviewer approval in standard workflows

Signer completion:

Expect signatures within 1–7 days depending on recipient responsiveness

Regulatory filing:

Agency deadlines vary; verify specific form or filing office requirements

Notarization window:

Schedule notarization appointment separately when required by state law

Record retention:

Store final executed copy according to retention policy and legal requirements

Key milestones from draft to filed record

Track these numbered stages to ensure consistent processing and auditability across the document lifecycle.

01

Draft Preparation

Assemble facts, attachments, and party information before initiating the workflow.

02

Internal Review

Legal and compliance review occurs to verify terms and required disclosures.

03

Signing Event

Signers authenticate and apply signatures; audit trail is captured and stored.

04

Final Filing

Deliver the executed record to recipients and file with any required agencies.

Common preparation mistakes to avoid

  • Incomplete party names or addresses that lead to identity mismatches and delayed acceptance.
  • Missing or inconsistent dates that create ambiguity about when obligations or rights begin.
  • Failing to attach referenced exhibits or schedules, which can void or delay enforcement.
  • Using initials where full signatures are required, causing questions about signer intent or authority.

Consequences of incorrect or late submissions

Tax Penalties: Incorrect or late information returns can trigger IRC §6721 penalties.
Backup Withholding: Missing or incorrect TINs may cause 24% backup withholding.
I-9 Violations: Paperwork failures risk fines under 8 CFR §274a.2.
Contract Disputes: Ambiguous or unsigned agreements may be unenforceable.
Privacy Breach: Improper handling of PHI risks HIPAA penalties and breach notifications.
Notarization Failure: Missing notarization can void conveyances or filings in some jurisdictions.

Real-world examples of use and outcomes

These brief customer examples show how the document and eSignature workflows are used in practice.

Optica Ventures — Brian Fitzgibbons, COO

The interface is simple and easy-to-use for our team and customers.

  • This reduced turnaround time for tenant agreements.
  • By standardizing the document and routing, Optica improved response rates and removed the need for in-person signings while maintaining a clear audit trail and compliance posture.

Tech Data — Bob Dutkowsky, CEO

Used the digital workflow to improve internal and external service.

  • It accelerated approvals across departments.
  • Tech Data reported faster processing and more reliable records by integrating the document into their existing systems, improving speed to revenue while maintaining required security controls.

eSignature pricing and feature snapshot for common vendors

Compare starting prices and select features across vendors. Confirm plan details directly with the vendor for enterprise or specialized compliance needs.

signNow DocuSign Adobe Sign PandaDoc HelloSign
Starting Price $8/user/mo $15/user/mo $14/user/mo $19/user/mo $15/user/mo
Free Trial 7-day free trial Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan
Bulk Send Yes (Business Premium) Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan
Audit Trail Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
HIPAA Compliant Yes (BAA available) Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan
Envelope Cap No envelope cap 100 envelopes/user/year Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan

Frequently asked questions and quick answers

Common questions about electronic completion, signatures, notarization, and errors are addressed below to help resolve frequent issues without delay.


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