XXX, INC.
BYLAWS
ARTICLE I
MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
1.1 Place and Time of Meetings . Meetings of shareholders
shall be held at such place (either within or outside the
Commonwealth of Virginia) and at such time as may be provided in
the notice of the meeting and approved by the President or the
Board of Directors.
1.2 Annual Meeting . The annual meeting of shareholders
shall be held on the ______ of ____________ of each year, if not
a legal holiday, and if a legal holiday, then on the next
succeeding business day.
1.3 Substitute Annual Meeting . If an annual meeting of
shareholders is not held on the day designated in these Bylaws, a
substitute annual meeting shall be called as promptly as is
practicable in accordance with the provisions of Section 1.4. Any
meeting so called shall be designated and treated for all
purposes as the annual meeting.
1.4 Special Meetings . Special meetings of the shareholders
may be called by the President or the Board of Directors. Only
business within the purpose or purposes described in the notice
for a special meeting of shareholders may be conducted at the
meeting.
1.5 Record Dates . Except as is provided in Section 1.9, the
Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date to make a
determination of shareholders entitled to notice of, or to vote
at, any meeting of shareholders, to receive any dividend or for
any purpose, such date to be not more than 70 days before the
meeting or action requiring a determination of shareholders. If
no such date is set for any meeting of shareholders then the
record date shall be the close of business on the day before the
date on which the first notice of the meeting is mailed or, if no
notice is mailed, on the day before the effective date of such
notice as established in Section 1.6.
When a determination of shareholders entitled to notice of
or to vote at any meeting of shareholders has been made, such
determination shall be effective for any adjournment of the
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meeting unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date,
which it shall do if the meeting is adjourned to a date more than
120 days after the date fixed for the original meeting.
1.6 Notice of Meetings . Written notice stating the place,
day and hour of each meeting of shareholders and, in case of a
special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is
called, shall be given not less than ten nor more than 60 days
before the date of the meeting (except when a different time is
required by law) either personally or by mail, telegraph,
teletype, telecopy or other form of wire, or wireless
communication, or by private courier, to each shareholder of
record entitled to vote at such meeting. If mailed, such notice
shall be deemed to be effective when deposited in the United
States mail with postage thereon prepaid, addressed to the
shareholder at his address, as it appears on the share transfer
books of the Corporation. If given in any other manner, such
notice shall be deemed to be effective two days after it is sent
by telegraph, teletype, telecopy or other form of wire or
wireless communication or given to a private courier to be
delivered.
If a meeting is adjourned to a different date, time or
place, notice need not be given if the new date, time or place is
announced at the meeting before adjournment. However, if a new
record date for an adjournment is fixed, notice of the adjourned
meeting shall be given to persons who are shareholders as of the
new record date unless a court provides otherwise.
1.7 Waiver of Notice; Attendance at Meeting . A shareholder
may waive any notice required by law, the Articles of
Incorporation or these Bylaws before or after the date and time
of the meeting that is the subject of such notice. The waiver
shall be in writing, be signed by the shareholder entitled to the
notice, and be delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation for
inclusion in the minutes or filing with the corporate records.
A shareholder’s attendance at a meeting (i) waives objection
to lack of notice or defective notice of the meeting, unless the
shareholder at the beginning of the meeting objects to holding
the meeting or transacting business at the meeting, and (ii)
waives objection to consideration of a particular matter at the
meeting that is not within the purpose or purposes described in
the meeting notice, unless the shareholder objects to considering
the matter when it is presented.
1.8 Quorum and Voting Requirements . Unless otherwise
required by law, a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on a
matter constitutes a quorum for action on that matter. Once a
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share is represented for any purpose at a meeting, it is deemed
present for quorum purposes for the remainder of the meeting and
for any adjournment of that meeting unless a new record date is
or shall be set for that adjourned meeting. If a quorum exists,
action on a matter, other than the election of directors, is
approved if the votes cast favoring the action exceed the votes
cast opposing the action, unless a greater number of affirmative
votes is required by law. Directors shall be elected by a
plurality of the votes cast by the shares entitled to vote in the
election at a meeting at which a quorum is present, Less than a
quorum may adjourn a meeting.
1.9 Action Without Meeting . Action required or permitted to
be taken at a shareholders’ meeting may be taken without a
meeting and without action by the Board of Directors if the
action is taken by all the shareholders entitled to vote on the
action. The action shall be evidenced by one or more written
consents describing the action taken, signed by all the
shareholders and delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation
for inclusion in the minutes or filing with the corporate
records. Action taken under this section shall be effective when
all consents are in the possession of the Corporation, unless the
consent specifies a different effective date and states the date,
of execution by each shareholder, in which event it shall be
effective according to the terms of the consent. A shareholder
may withdraw consent only by delivering a written notice of
withdrawal to the Corporation prior to the time that all consents
are in the possession of the Corporation.
The record date for determining shareholders entitled to
take action without a meeting is the date the first shareholder
signs the consent described in the preceding paragraph.
ARTICLE II
DIRECTORS
2.1 General Powers . The Corporation shall have a Board of
Directors. All corporate powers shall be exercised by or under
the authority of, and the business and affairs of the Corporation
managed under the direction of, its Board of Directors, subject
to any limitation set forth in the Articles of Incorporation.
2.2 Number . The number of directors of the Corporation
shall be one. The number of directors may be increased or
decreased from time to time by the Board of Directors by a number
that is 30% or less of the number of directors last elected by
the shareholders.
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.3 Election and Term . Directors (other than initial
directors) shall be elected at the first annual meeting of
shareholders and at each annual meeting of shareholders
thereafter. Despite the expiration of a director’s term, such
director shall continue to serve until his successor is elected
and qualifies or until his position is eliminated by a decrease
in the number of directors. A decrease in the number of directors
shall not shorten an incumbent director’s term and if the
decreased number of directors is less than the number of
directors in office, the change in the number of directors will
not be effective until the next shareholders’ meeting at which
directors are elected. No individual shall be named or elected as
a director without his prior consent.
2.4 Removal; Vacancies . The shareholders may remove any
director, with or without cause, but only at a meeting called
that purpose and the notice of the meeting must state that the
purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is removal of the
director. Removal of a director shall be effective only if the
number of votes cast to remove him constitutes a majority of the
votes entitled to be cast at an election of directors by which
such director was elected. A vacancy on the Board of Directors
including a vacancy resulting from the removal of a director or
an increase in the number of directors, may be filled by (i) the
shareholders, (ii) the Board of Directors, or (iii) the
affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors, though
less than a quorum of the Board of Directors, and may, in the
case of a resignation that will become effective at a specified
later date, be filled before the vacancy occurs but the new
director may not take office until the vacancy occurs.
2.5 Annual and Regular Meetings . An annual meeting of the
Board of Directors shall be held immediately following each
annual meeting of shareholders, for the purpose of electing
officers and carrying on such other business as may properly come
before such meeting. Such meeting shall be held at the place
where the shareholders’ meeting was held. The Board of Directors
may adopt a schedule of additional meetings which shall be
considered regular meetings. Regular meetings shall be held at
such times and at such places, within or without the Commonwealth
of Virginia, as the President or the Board of Directors shall
designate from time to time. If no place is designated, regular
meetings shall be held at the principal office of the
Corporation.
2.6 Special Meetings . Special meetings of the Board of
Directors may be called by the President or a majority of the
Directors of the Corporation, and shall be held at such times an
at such places, within or without the Commonwealth of Virginia,
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as the person or persons calling the meetings shall designate. If
no such place is designated in the notice of a meeting, it shall
be held at the principal office of the Corporation.
2.7 Notice of Meetings . No notice need be given of regular
meetings of the Board of Directors.
Notices of special meetings of the Board of Directors shall
be given to each director in person or delivered to him at his
residence or business address (or such other place as he may have
directed in writing) not less than twenty - four (24) hours before
the meeting by mail, messenger, telecopy, telegraph, or other
means of written communication or by telephoning such notice to
him. Any such notice shall set forth the time and place of the
meeting and state the purpose for which it is called.
2.8 Waiver of Notice . A director may waive any notice
required by law, the Articles of Incorporation, or these Bylaws
before or after the date and time stated in the notice, and such
waiver shall be equivalent to the givinq of such notice. Except
as provided in the next paragraph of this section, the waiver
shall be in writing, signed by the director entitled to the
notice and filed with the minutes or corporate records.
A director's attendance at or participation in a meeting
waives any required notice to him of the meeting unless the
director at the beginning of the meeting or promptly upon his
arrival objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at
the meeting and does not thereafter vote for or assent to action
taken at the meeting.
2.9 Quorum; Voting . A majority of the number of directors
fixed in these Bylaws shall constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business at a meeting of the Board of Directors.
The act of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at
which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of
Directors . A director who is present at a meeting of the Board of
Directors or a committee of the Board of Directors when corporate
action is taken is deemed to have assented to the action taken
unless (i) he objects at the beginning of the meeting, or
promptly upon his arrival, to holding it or transacting specified
business at the meeting; or (ii) he votes against, or abstains
from, the action taken.
2.10 Telephonic Meetings . The Board of Directors may permit
any or all directors to participate in a regular or special
meeting by, or conduct the meeting through the use of, any means
of communication by which all directors participating may
simultaneously hear each other during the meeting. A director
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participating in a meeting by this means is deemed to be present
in person at the meeting.
2.11 Action Without Meeting . Action required or permitted to
be taken at a Board of Directors’ meeting may be taken without a
meeting if the action is taken by all members of the Board. The
action shall be evidenced by one or more written consents stating
the action taken, signed by each director either before or after
the action taken, and included in the minutes or filed with the
corporate records reflecting the action taken. Action taken under
this section shall be effective when the last director signs the
consent unless the consent specifies a different effective date
and states the date of execution by each director, in which event
it shall be effective according to the terms of the consent.
2.12 Compensation . The Board of Directors may fix the
compensation of directors for their services as directors and may
provide for the payment of all expenses incurred by directors in
attending meetings of the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE III
OFFICERS
3.1 Officers . The officers of the Corporation shall be a
President, and a Secretary, and in the discretion of the Board of
Directors, one or more Vice-Presidents and other officers and
assistant officers as may be deemed necessary or advisable to
carry on the business of the Corporation. Any two or more offices
may be held by the same person.
3.2 Election; Term . Officers shall be elected at the annual
meeting of the Board of Directors and may be elected at such
other time or times as the Board of Directors shall d6termine.
They shall hold office, unless removed, until the next annual
meeting of the Board of Directors or until their successors are
elected. Any officer may resign at any time upon written notice
to the Board of Directors, and such resignation shall be
effective when notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a
later effective date.
3.3 Removal of Officers . The Board of Directors may remove
any officer or assistant officer at any time, with or without
cause.
3.4 Duties of Officers . The President shall be the Chief
Executive officer of, the Corporation. He and the other officers
shall have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their
respective offices as well as such powers and duties as may be
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delegated to them from time to time by the Board of Directors.
The Chief Executive officer, if he is present, shall be chairman
of all meetings of the shareholders and the Board of Directors,
as well as any committee of which he is a member, unless the
Board of Directors provides otherwise.
ARTICLE IV
SHARE CERTIFICAT ES
4.1 Form . Shares of the Corporation shall, when fully paid,
be evidenced by certificates in such form as may be required by
law and approved by the Board of Directors. Certificates shall be
signed by the President and the Secretary and may (but need not)
be sealed with the seal of the Corporation.
4.2 Transfer . The Board of Directors shall have power and
authority to make such rules and regulations concerning the
issue, registration and transfer of certificates representing the
shares of the Corporation. Transfers of shares and of the
certificates representing such shares shall be made upon the
books of the Corporation by surrender of the certificates for the
shares transferred accompanied by assignments in writing by the
owners or their attorneys-in-fact.
4.3 Restrictions on Transfer . A restriction on the transfer
or registration of shares is valid and enforceable against the
holder or a transferee of the holder if the restriction is lawful
and its existence is noted conspicuously on the front or back of
the certificate representing the shares.
4.4 Lost or Destroyed Share Certificates . The Corporation
may issue a new share certificate in the place of any certificate
theretofore issued by it which is alleged to have been lost or
destroyed and may require the owner of such certificate, or his
legal representative, to give the Corporation a bona, with or
without surety, or such other agreement, undertaking or security
as the Board of Directors shall determine is appropriate, to
indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made
against it on account of the alleged loss or destruction or the
issuance of any such new certificate.
ARTICLE V
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
5.1 Corporate Seal . The corporate seal of the Corporation
shall be circular and shall have inscribed thereon, within and
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around the circumference “XXX, Inc.” In the center shall be the
word “SEAL.”
5.2 Fiscal Year . The fiscal year of the Corporation shall
be determined in the discretion of the Board of Directors, but in
the absence of any such determination it shall be the calendar
year.
5.3 Amendments . These Bylaws may be amended or repealed,
and new Bylaws may be made at any regular or special meeting of
the Board of Directors. Bylaws made by the Board of Directors may
be repealed or changed and new Bylaws may be made by the
shareholders, and the shareholders may prescribe that any Bylaw
made by them shall not be altered, amended or repealed by the
Board of Directors.
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