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very good morning to you what a fantastic crowd we have today ladies and gentlemen special guests I'm delighted to be with you today my name is Eleni Jacques I'm a correspondent at CNN international and we here to talk about the most incredible stories coming from our fabulous panel this morning it's about building transformational organizations that are going to have a big impact on the continent and the world building leaders that can shape Africa and impact the world Africa in the next 20 years how are you going to be part of that economic growth story and the changes that will happen in Africa I want us to introduce our panel and I want you to think about some of the big issues that we're going to be covering today we're going to get this very interactive we want to hear your stories we want to hear your questions that start jotting them down I'm sure you already have quite a few for our incredible guest this morning a liquid on gota [Applause] [Music] I mean we can basically is on oil and of course an incredible foundation the first and the lightest foundation in sub-saharan Africa focusing on education nutrition and the betterment of Nigerian lives so we're so proud to have you here with us today and of course Forbes has listed him as one of the most powerful people in the world in your bank accounts it's about the impact that you make Trevor Manuel so what a pleasure to have you with us this morning the chairman of our job he served as cabinet minister ministers under the Nelson Mandela presidency he was the first finance minister in a new democratic South Africa he is the man that was able to bring a budget surplus in the country and he also ensured South Africa did not fall into a death trap after those crippling sanctions during the apartheid era and then John Collison he is the co-founder and president of stripe he is the real global self-made millionaire in the world the real guy there's somebody else in the running building an online payment system expanding Internet commerce by making it easy to process transactions started this business with his brother in 2010 they employ around 1,000 people making such a huge impact worldwide and of course even working with entrepreneurs on the continents thank you gentlemen for joining me this morning I'm still standing because I want to ask you to visualize something for me and you can even close your eyes if you want to indulge you wake up in the morning you're about 15 years old in a small village in a remote area somewhere in the world in any emerging market you watch your mother work relentlessly seven days a week to feed you what your father do the same with one aim to give you an education to get water means go into a communal tap you've got intermittent electricity very few resources at your disposal but you have a spark inside you and you have a passion that ignites and there's something inside you that tells you I want to make my life better I want to impact my parents life and I want to impact my village as well and you ask yourself how do I do this how do I get myself out of the current situation with very little resources at my disposal government is working against me I'm in a country where the political environment does not even think about me the leaders don't think about me but somehow I make it out and now I'm in this room of 200 I'm engaging with the greatest minds coming out of the continent how do I make sure that I keep on remembering myself as a teenager growing up with a spark and passion inside me but with nothing at my disposal how you ladies and gentlemen going to continue to impact that young person that could impact an entire village an entire country through being in the private sector or the public sector and I hope some of these stories that I've mentioned in some of these elements resonate with you and I know a lot of you do come from very tough backgrounds so how are we going to continue to do this very important Africa is growing 3.8 percent we've got a fantastic move towards African growth story but we haven't fulfilled all the industrial revolutions and now we face with the fourth Industrial Revolution are we ready and this is the question that we're going to be answering today I'm gonna start with stories from a very young age but really you know the stories that you know we started off trading and what I decided to do is not go work for the family and I was trading you know because majority of Nigerians then actually trading in this realization wasn't really what people were thinking about you know because of government you know switch in terms of change of policies inconsistencies in policies so it was really very difficult to do industry and also survive you know because of inconsistencies in terms of government policies and also lack of power electricity you know was a problem especially you know in Nigeria so what we did we traded for almost about 19 years from 1978 to you know 1996 1996 at that time you know we contacted a company called Andersen which is now KPMG and Accenture and what they did was you know we had two days of a retreat we wanted to find out okay fine what really happened to the other entrepreneurs who doubled into industrialization you know how did they fail because we really didn't want to fail and at that time we had too much cash I cumulated from the trading you know because within those 18 19 years of 19 years of our own trading we're really you know lucky because most of the commodities especially in Nigeria we sort of like number one so we made substantial amount of money and you know never ever borrowed money up to 2000 because we got into industrialization very aggressively you know okay fine you know we want to make sure that we transform our own country from an input based country to a manufacturing you know country which means you know backward integration so what really came out of that a retreat what Arthur Andersen was the yes the most of the interviews interpreters they felt because of mainly tourism there are a couple of other reasons by - one was lack of power one was you know inconsistencies in terms of government policy so we decided the okay fine you know one who have answer which is the power the electrical generator now what do we do with Adam the only way you can do a few Hawaiian power is to engage because if you don't engage them you know they can go and do things that will actually harm your business so we decided the okay fine we will get close to government and just be advising that look this what she should do this what you shouldn't do this you know because it's a partnership yes we have to be persistent you know you have to you know so you can understand and maybe to help them to ask questions so what happened was that now we move in we started various industries sugar we did super funny we did from meaning we did cement and then later on now we decided that okay fine look Jenna was importing 80% of this meant that were consuming so maybe we need to really robust it and make sure that we produce cement you know you know okay fine you know how do we do that the president said I hope you find a lick oh what can we do I say mr. president if we are going to continue to import will be important for veggie exporting jobs out so if we were for this locally you have to give some sort of incentives where you can only import if you have been a backward integration and that is the policy that nature adopted for us to now have full self-sufficiency in cement and now we look at the entire sub-saharan African continent majority of the countries that are important cement so we went very aggressive after meeting on this in Jena we went to 17 countries to try and make sure that we make those all sufficiency in smell because Africa lacks infrastructure so we went I ed we did fight alone if you look at countries like Zambia whatever that will produce cement today prices have gone down massively drastically you know because before you know because what we did right from the beginning is to have the highest technology whether all these many more factors in Africa that are using robotics so that's what you do right from the mining in see because I know that the challenge was going to come from the yes okay yes this guy's this African they won't be able to produce a high-quality you know cement so the question is to do is quality and also is price so and that's what we did then now we look at okay fine what you do we've done cement why I always tell people that look our company is very very transformational and we look at you look at what is happening now in petroleum products and well so in the same mess it's not only nonzero almost majority of African substan African countries they import the crude oil so what we have done now is to go into you know building 650,000 barrels of binary which is the largest ever in the world and you know because the biggest largest ever is 500,000 so but we have now said I know we must set up a record you know because there's nothing that's impossible we are doing that and we're doing three million tons of fertilizer because Nigerian force almost what we need so we are doing that we are doing a gas pipeline you know 550 submersible in you know from the sea and you know from the Niger Delta and then taking it to you know West Africa and while doing petrochemical 1.3 million tons of polypropylene polyethylene in this lab in this five years were actually spending 18 billion dollars to transform our industries you know to industrialize Nigeria and also to make sure that is zero now will end up becoming one of the largest exporter of petroleum products from a major importer to Nigeria now will be exporting more fertilizer than any African country there are quite a lot of transformational things that were doing and I think what I keep saying we Africans only ones that we did in transform continent is just going to be done by us it's not going to be done by yes we investment will not do the job we have to show confidence in our own continent and make sure that we mr. Manuel private sector public sector we're in the private sector now but tell me about the young Trevor in South Africa during the apartheid government knowing that you know if you wanted to change you'd have to be part of the struggle to fight against an oppressive government what happened there's a specific moment in time where you made a decision to get into that thank you very much Fellini I don't know what the organizers thought but they put me the poor boy between these buildings I don't think it's in the I mean growing up in apartheid South Africa meant that injustice was in your face every single day and very early in my life we grew up in a community that was very mixed and in 1961 just just around the time that apart that South Africa became a republic many of our neighbors moved off his government trucks came moved out people our school I started school very early in life a school was empty we didn't have to double shift any longer and and the questions that were raised in the house were about what was happening to the country in the neighborhood and I grew up through school and I was fortunate because it was a time that was that so a lot of militants around the continent certainly the struggles for the decolonization of Africa was still very very right I mean so you know as a young teenager I grew up with understanding the words of Kwame Nkrumah gave me first the keys to the political Kingdom what does politics mean and how does that impact on the lives of people and then I was at school till when so so the South African students organization was built Steve Biko became a future and there was a walkout and my friends at the University of the Western Cape walked off campus and in the community we we tried to absorb this soon out of school and different injustice the bus fare increase saw us trying to mobilize communities against this and when we wiped out as it was 1976 there's a widow uprising and it wasn't confined to Soweto ever I mean soon after Soweto there was a young guy Christopher tutto was shot not far from where I lived in a place called Monte Avalon flat last night three people were shot in one table but this was very different this was a bit like Hector Pieterson this was a young school boy was shot in one of the early protests in and from there I think it became necessary to ensure that communities understood what was happening through the 70s it was building community organizations building worker organizations and trying to integrate these by 1980 there was a fresh pool boycott that coincided with the boycott of red meat because of our workers were treated incarceration happens a little bit later through the period I studied through engineering so the stuff that illegal talks about cement but by 1981 I was faced with a contradiction I either continue to work in industry or I became a full-time actor I became the activist by 1983 we started a huge movement in this country called the United Democratic Front I was young I was I was all of 27 years old on the National Executive we convened and convened a movement across the length and breadth of the country in the face of the worst kind of oppression and repression by the appropiate regime and we knew we knew the the it was it was either that you were going to be convicted and end up on Robben Island or in some of the prison for a long time or detention and sometimes we lost many close friends and comrades people gunned down I mean you know the product for the disappearance of the Pepco 3 but we found ways to organize and give voice to be in my life I've done all kinds of things I've been involved in and I literally have been involved on the margins of trade unionism I worked as a community organizer organizing civic organizations and then all of that sort of the confluence of all of that was a political movement which by the late 80s became completely unstoppable I was detained for in fact between 1985 and and February in the second 1990 when they ain't it wasn't bad I was detained house arrested for all but about two months but all of that all of that I think strengthened us we understood what the task of liberation was it wasn't ever about us I mean there was no point in that period when I as Trevor Manuel or many the other people I would see ourselves in government later it was about developing a skill set I think that assisted us and so 1990 second February in scenes and 11th February Nelson Mandela's released we are there I have the privilege of traveling through Africa with him on his first visit after his release we build this organization with Nelson Mandela at its home 1994 come democracy I'm not quite prepared but you know I become Minister of Trade industry and then Minister of Finance and there is no way in my CV that you will find an economics degree there were some people who criticized me I have a different view of life I have a different view of learning and I think we'd learn and a lot of learning is attitudinal a lot of learning is attitudinal it's sharing and I don't admit people colleagues ministers everywhere big PhDs from big universities but no sense of what it's about and I think if we ever had the view that life is only about a few macroeconomic simulations those long pages of the equations the measure of what we do is in the lives of impacting people so significantly huh I mean how did that come about with you and your brother kind of coming up and saying we need to do this was it again a specific moment in time when you made that decision I know you had quite a bit of competition between the two you something going on there I think there were a few factors at play for us that were of course you don't really understand this as it's going on at the time right you're just your heads down at the time we've been working on the stripe now for since 2009 so for for going on nine years and as I look back on us there's maybe a few factors that I would pull out the first is self belief and I guess I think it's pretty helpful that we were young at the time I think that's a general pattern you'll see that the places that change comes from can you know is often the youth change doesn't always have a well-polished resume mr. Manuel did not have an economics degree I remember whom we were actually trying to get visas for the United States because we're college dropouts being a skilled immigrants who's a college dropout they just like doesn't compute for the innovation oh for sure yeah yeah so coming at it and being young enough to to have that almost irrational degree of self belief I think that's actually required to get you through all the hurdles that you're going to an intent and so in our case we didn't know anything about the industry that we were you're entering I mean we were 19 and 21 when we started it but then you actually zoom out and look at the fact patterns again that's that sort of par for the course Einstein was 26 when he published his famous paper on special relativity and you know blew open the existing science establishment miss Kenna window is 31 and raising the bar for African politics and so one thing they have to be really excited is the kind of the youth and the energy in this room because I think that's really frequently for where this stuff comes from I think it was a it was a big part of stripe the fact that we were coming from outside the existing establishment and not within it that's one I can't leave to the second thing which is education us being able to and I say education not schooling fairly deliberately a lot of the best people I know are lifetime learners and are just voraciously sucking up knowledge from from wherever they can get it really and in our case there is you know we're very fortunate the public school system in in Ireland is very good but also again they're trying to pick up knowledge wherever you can get it and so we you know we learned to code for our parents bought us you know various books on programming and I remember typing things into the computer that you were copying from the book as part of how you're getting going and one thing that gets me really excited is the kinds of different things that are possible now thanks to the scalability of the internet again schooling is one thing but education is another and you know we saw we saw the video of Linda from the caretaker in the audience somewhere yeah I love how many of the fellows are are focused on education and because you know to come back to your story of the you know the person growing up in the village that is one of the biggest things that we can do and that was a huge part of where we got to and the last thing that maybe I feel is a big part of our story was mobility in that as you say you know we grew up in a very small part of a very rural part of Ireland a small village there I ended up moving to the United States for college ends up moving it up to San Francisco from there when I was growing up in Ireland I lose benefiting a lot from membership of the European Union a new mobility is a big part of that project and how the European Union self defines new they talked about these four freedoms at the movement of people goods services in capital and I think that's you know as we look across the African continent I think that's an interesting question for us to reckon with because you know I think the European Union in other places are much as unions if countries are much further ahead there you were talking about the difficulty of getting into a Nigerian visa and that seems like a fairly common problem I'm so changing for for Europe as well now with brake suits is that is that a worry dude well certainly changing for Britain I mean Europe I think it's still you know world leading when it comes to how closely all those kind of separate countries separate countries integrates and that is something that was a huge part of what allowed us to do stripe and that mobility and I think will be a big part of you know anyone who wants to do something going forward it'll be important for them again the good news is that I think there's a certain kind of mobility you get from you as a person being able to move around there's another story of mobility which is just digital mobility enabled by the fact that you have your physical Geographic place but then you have you know you get to be part of an internet community as well and more we're seeing people doing digital first initiatives digital first communities you all in a slack group you know even when you go your separate ways and you're not physically here I think we haven't seen the limits of what's possible with that and it's certainly something that we are trying to push the boundaries of with stripe so you know it's a bunch of companies here at the stripe program for their running US companies and that was definitely a big part of and it's something I think would you advise to get into the more traditional sectors I mean cement sugar flour I mean the stuff that you've been involved in would you be looking further ahead and getting more into tech and I say this in the light of the fact that we still need to build roads we don't have manufacturing capacity there are so many I mean you know the issues on the brown and a lot of people here as well do you think it's a combination of both [Music] because in Africa we import and what we actually don't produce much so we need to make sure that these are raw materials that we keep exporting we will add value create jobs in infrastructure agriculture and then we take high-tech and I think you looted to this earlier with the cement industry tariffs on cement products on imports assisted the local industry to go to grow in safety your company to grow as well should we be imposing more tariffs on imports on agricultural products should we be looking at becoming more protectionist to grow our local industries I mean that's a big conversation globally but we're trying to you know get borders open between African countries what what is the best formula well I think the best formula for us first of all is to make sure that yes we produce what you consume rather than allowing people to be dumped in creating jobs if you look at the African continent on average we have about 65 percent below the age of 35 so definitely you know they cannot keep holding on you have to create jobs for them if you have to create jobs for them then you need to look at all these things okay fine what it is is true I like this folio of like India you know in 1993-1994 India had only reserves of one week foreign exchange reserves of one week by today totally a different you know country okay because today India has even overtaken France as the number six economy in the world but look at where they were so in Africa - we need to really make sure that years who protect our industries you see because I'm not saying that yes you should yes you have to protect on industries I mean you look at what President Trump is doing right now know that I agree with what it's doing because they're in totally a different order the first of all right so if you look at it today you know say okay fine yes let's allow all this you know boost to coming you know protection then you are not going to end up having any industry by if you protect when you block their own industries your own people that they can compete with anybody then you can open up the market later compete but right now we don't have so one why building what this guy's will do is to China and come in and jump boost into our market and let me give you a typical example I even look at how we can protect our industries for example you know today if you are traveling right you know in British Airways let me give you an example of business class they have three types there's a business class club class and each of these they have different prices every in first class you have a class you have first class a class is 30% cheaper so any industry okay you know the price they are talking about why you cover your course your profit in the first may be 66 if you have hundred seats the 46 you can go and dump it and sell at 50 percent below cost I mean 50 percent below the first course okay let's say now you are buying the first class first class might be ten thousand dollars normally from Lagos to London and back by if you are buying a class is going to be about like seven thousand okay so that seven thousand is one that other countries will be coming into our own continent and be dumping there would where it will never ever allow us to compete not even talk about building industries if we were to compete at a global level that means government needs to buy in that we're talking about tariffs we're talking about policy but in the current situation I think a lot of entrepreneurs are just trying to make do with what they have am i right is that what you guys are trying to do so how do you make it happen I mean mr. Manuel do you want to jump in here whatever else happens I think that we need competent administration you need you need smart people who are entrepreneurial and sitting in governments and doing the things that make sense the big idea of building high walls behind which you can do anything doesn't help the population either and I'll give you an example of South Africa when I became Minister of Trade and Industry the telephone automobiles was only 25% now if you have protection around you 25% you can get away with anything consumers don't have a choice productivity doesn't actually matter price doesn't matter you can get away with anything and the people who suffer are actually the poor in countries and if it happens not just with big industrial products but also with food and so on then then the poor will actually suffer whatever is said about current administration in the u.s. if they imposed those big carrot Wars I guarantee you in the Midwest of the United States poor who happened to be more dependent on imports from China are going to be the people who suffer most you need governments that are as smart as the stuff we talk about it's ensuring that that you have agility even in government in tariffs and so on and that is something that must be understood and if you want them then part of what we must encourage young people to do is to recognize that if you don't have smart governments then we continually leave the poor behind we cut people off from opportunities and we continue with the tradition that still exists in Africa on the continent there are many people who do exceedingly well but there are too many people who are trapped in poverty we have distinct an elite group of young people here with us but many multiples of this number die in the Mediterranean every trying to get off the continent that is the measure of the tragedy of not creating a program of transformation on the continent that is our responsibility it's very responsibility in the way that President Obama spoke yesterday of handing this over Madiba spoke of it's in your hands and I think that message is a fundamentally important message and so the ability to analyze what is not in place and to drive change is part of the transformation challenge that I think affects the younger generation Andrew sitting over here the other day we you and I were together on the Cape Flats we thought we're going to talk to about maybe a hundred young unemployed people six thousand people picked up we are to ask the mayor to open a stadium to talk to those people this is the challenge of unresolved expectations of people and if we don't understand this responsibility I think we fail to understand I know you put different views on protection on Terra [Music] because really in government there's no capacity at all you know we can we can only make up with a great if we have some of our best people in the government side okay because in the private side yes people do take you up quite a lot almost you know in south we have quite a lot of intrapreneurs everybody you know people a lot of people especially I would say from Nigeria they actually interpret us by bus also you know their appearance web but so I think it is good for us to make sure that yes you also have the high quality of you know people in you know government by sea is true you see it depends on what model travel you're talking about if you look at the model of India it it's really it's worked because the model of India's is true they build the you know decent I don't believe that yes she won't put up tariffs but in Africa if we don't really food types will end up being the dumping ground frequently you see and you need a rules-based system and the problem that big countries are now are now driving towards is the collapse of multilaterals the World Trade Organization needs to be a smart relay system if they can't deliver rules that apply then he will have done institutions and that's what's a bring in John maybe one lens for this is so economists talk about these models for the economy in different modes of economic developments and you have the primary secondary and tertiary economy primary is resource extraction mining agriculture things like this secondary is doing things with those resources manufacturing and stuff like that and then the tertiary economy is services and now as we're moving more and more away from economies that are dependent on kind of primary I can a resource extraction people are even talking about the fourth fourth wave here being the quaternary economy of intellectual capital and research high-tech academia and things like that and one thing to note is this you can talk about and think about tariffs in the primary and secondary economy and honestly one of the reason that the I mean the current US tariffs are a bit silly is that the US has moved so far beyond being a an economy dependent on that primary sector of the economy but as we move into these third and fourth waves and you're in the the world of intellectual capital these markets are global these ideas are global and I think you're shooting yourself in the foot if you as an entrepreneur or you as a country are seven-year sites faced you know to in words and so I think a lot of the entrepreneurs in this room are increasingly thinking about the global markets for their ideas you know with the founder of Singh Commerce here startup based in Ghana and 70% of our sales are in the United States and that's an increasingly common model and by the way your competition is global and so even if you don't want to be global you didn't get to choose that and so I think we can talk about these kinds of questions and more of the primary and secondary world but as we you know a lot of people in this room are in the world of intellectual capital and the intellectual economy and I think that's a different playing field okay Silicon Valley we're trying to emulate models of Silicon Valley on the continent whether it's Silicon capable when you see you know the hubs emerging in countries around the continents do you think that is the right model because you're in Silicon Valley at the moment is that the right thing to do do we have to create these hubs oh yeah I think that's a great idea it is increasingly evident that you do not need to be in Silicon Valley aged pretty large successful technology company and you know if if someone is to disagree with you on that fact that they have to face an accumulation set of data points around the world of people building really exciting technology success stories and again one of the things in this world of any kind of high-tech pursues is it's very dependent on the people and so one of the things that makes Silicon Valley tick is the fact that you have so many you know highly qualified people with interesting ideas just all you know running around bumping into each other and you get these network effects I think starting to create these network effects in hubs and you're already starting to see these you know effects where you're getting tech hubs emerging in Cape Town in Lagos in Nairobi in places like that I think that's a big part of the recipe for do you think it's African tech company can be the next big thing are you seeing signs of I went to shift gears a little and just talked about you know the current situation in South African I think it's important because we forget about how the political scenario that in the country we operate in we live in does influence what we do and our success a lot of the time so i'm a pozer talks about south africa being open for business and the new dawn credit rating agencies have a very worried about this notion of land redistribution without compensation mr. Manuel you were talking about the group areas act a little early and you saw the devastation how do you ensure that people that that the ills of the past are worked on without jeopardizing the investment prognosis fought for a country and I think there's so many examples of people that operate across the continents in this room that have perhaps faced a set a similar thing well one of the things that I have to do for my sins is be an investment the invoice for prison time approach we go out and talk to people in the issue that comes up frequently and part of it I think is is an unresolved matter prison drama process said the other day on television that when when the Constitution was drafted there were a couple of issues that that appeared intractable at first one of them was language another was land issue and we craft it into our Constitution in the Bill of Rights section 25 that deals with property rights she recognized the right to property but you also recognize but in that clause that some of the property that people have accumulated in South Africa who by means not and so there are there are and and the Constitution required of us to draft a piece of legislation to create an instrument that would allow for judicial oversight now we fail to actually produce the legislation required by the Constitution and you've had this pent up feeling the issue of land is actually complex because on the one hand is agricultural land and the president said yesterday as well that the issues of land are so important because land agricultural land must provide for food security must provide for inclusion must provide for the functioning of food markets all of those things are there yet part of it has been poorly dealt with and there's pent up demand for agricultural land but the bigger challenge in South Africa is actually in urban land and you you couldn't come to L a year and not drive past very large informal settlements and this is happening because the responsibility of state and again there's a clause 26 in our in our section 26 in our constitution that requires the state to provide access to adequate housing it hasn't been and so in the process of inward migration and urbanization people basically just set up where they can and many of the batteries are actually about urban land there's a proposal now and it's underway as we speak Committee of Parliament to go throughout the country and to listen to voices you can't stop it now you've got to take those voices and then bring them all together draw on a variety of experiences John even the Irish experience of land because your colonial masters the English confiscated land and the Irish wage a big struggle to get land back all of those become important in factoring in a set of proposals that are rational and orderly and inclusive in the land issue going forward communicating this I think is a bigger challenge and what we thought we would have to undertake but it's something we have to talk through we can't be crazy we can't be anarchic about the land issues it has to be ordered orderly and you must have outside agency such as the judiciary I want to give you an opportunity to ask questions I'm sure you've got loads of them it's got a voice please short sharp introduce yourself I need you to be as quick as possible thank you very much my name is Mark I'm a commissioner with a number a state government and my question is for my mentor and inspiration chairman elijah dangoty sir I do I agree with your position that we need to get young people and young prepared smart people into government and that's the only way you can turn it around I've done that another brand it's working so myself and other young people in government we're started we've started an initiative to inspire to empower and to prepare young Nigerians for roles in government and I just wondering if it's something that you would love to support because we're trying to reach out to you sir thank you [Music] like an investor right sure right short sharp shorter than that Smith good morning morning this is for our leader mr. logic dangoty he already asked what I want to ask but one thing in one thing you mentioned you are going to be using robotics for your industry so I want to know if you think to the future where you can support your about sex education in Africa so that we start getting young people ready for the industry thank you very much my name is Gemara Boyer from Tanzania and my question also goes to dangoty I understand that he has been doing investment in many countries and perhaps in one way or another he gets barriers due to foreign investment so because he said that Africa will be built by African now I'm asking his from his experience what is his call on Africa investment meaning can a Polish investment policies policies how should they be in order to favor Africans to invest in African countries good morning my name is Pamela ID I am an LGBT rights activist from Nigeria and my question is to alleged unwitting alleged your foundations main goal is lifting people out of poverty and we know that structure this discrimination increases poverty because it reduces access my question is would you be willing to support the work of nonprofit organizations that work to stop discrimination of sexual minorities in brief is possible only because we would like to get more Christians in thank you we are not only ready to program they have very very few Africans and open of that I think any inject young energetic committed leaders and you can you can actually you know listen to write to us it's also really bothers us that we don't have good capacity in government so we'll do that and then support of robotic industry well what do i do right now is that because we are trying to create something you know in we have what you call dongle t Academy and we're actually transforming that from the Academy now into a well worthy Commission within by next year by early next year we'll start building on TT Technical University so that will actually know we'll be able to teach we'll be able to you know at least to change the curriculum well now for example anytime we will go out there to hire people we have to be trained them and we really don't want that we want to know when they come out already have a job you have something that quite a lot the other one is about favoring African investment you cannot go in a country and do only this yes I know then South Africa vbe I think I don't really think if it is okay to know just you know that is just for Africans all what you need to do is to make sure that you have good investment policies if you have good investment policies people won't invest the only thing that yes Africans have to drive that process and then they will now let it be joined by you know that's no foreigner that will come to your country I'm just putting this money it's not possible and that is a bit risky even if it tries to do that it's always better you take a local with you and make sure that you work together but what I always encourage on various African countries try and have a very strong banking institution so that yes they will be able to support the locals for them to make you know to access credit because accessing credit is very very difficult so when you have foreign banks dominating an economy it is always very difficult for you to have the proper inclusive growth in the economy there was one last question there it was you know our foundation has specific things that we support we really don't go out those specific things you know which is education we restricted our subsidies even this ones you know the major major challenge that we're facing today thank you very much does anyone have questions for mr. Manuel and John thank you since we last met in darasuram in 2016 my question goes like this as you have stated Africans African you are risking their lives to cross a Mediterranean Seas to look for a better opportunity in Europe my question is how do we truly difference.i our economics to promote good governance then how do we improve the quality of grown to create jobs Gambia I recently just relocated back from Washington DC and I've noticed that a lot of applications social business applications are not inclusive of our continent for your stripe while we set it up in the US we are able to sell our books online but in being in Gambia it is not accessible to us same goes for you to PayPal and demo so why is it that we are not inclusive in that processing this has something you guys are considering changing thank you so two things one is we're actually working to some extent on the content already and so we support now going on thousands of entrepreneurs across across the continent through our stripe Atlas program but we're not you know here on the ground we don't have operations in the continent and I mean the short version of why that is is because to get it right it's you know it's pretty damn complex and so we've been gradually if you look at stripe is doing rolling out country-by-country payments is very cultural very contextual very nuanced and honestly the last thing I think one thing that's somewhat helpful in our experience is the fact that you know a lot of stripe our immigrants to you know the United States and we have a relatively global perspective the last thing that we want to do is be the swaggering American company that comes along with an american-made solution that isn't actually tailored for what people on the content need at all and I kind of rolled that out and so as we look at supporting businesses we know that it's going to be you know one set of things that are needed for businesses in Kenya with impasse and then another you know in South Africa with ETFs and everything like this we get that it's going to be different and that's a very long-term project for us and so we're already doing some stuff we would like to be doing much more than we are today and we will get there but it's a gradual process I just wanted to respond briefly I don't think that you will get growing economies where you have poor governance and go back and get the YouTube clip of President Obama's lecture yesterday that's the essence of what he's talking about you can't build sound economic policy and you're not going to get investment if you've got hyperinflation government is spending more debt than what they aren't services it's not gonna work government must focus on developing services in order to develop people the good governance package is a big package and I think as you deal with those kinds of issues you create an environment that's a lot more attractive to investment that creates employment I'm sure that mr. Longoria is not going to go into a country where if he puts in a billion dollars and it's depreciated he's not going to go there it's as basic as that so you can forget about jobs and lisha governance and governance needs to be something that is accountable so not everybody needs to go into government we'd like to attract as many people as possible into it but it is accountable the systems that they require actually I'm gonna do one quick just final raffle my about my guess it's a one quick question of the yes-or-no answer is Africa the right place to be right now to grow a business it is the only place in if you look at the future Africa has a better future than any continent Africa is young and bold we are we are from the wrong side of the age everywhere else in the world is going to be boring we have to make this the only place are we going to talk to you to task on this so you're gonna do it oh that's a no-brainer but yeah I think your question is the wrong question I think it's is Africa ten years from now the place to be