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Shop bill format for Supervision

hi i'm tom stevenson and welcome to construction job site management this is direct lecture three a of two lectures three a and three b which will be fundamentally based on chapter four of your construction job site management textbook and we're going to be reviewing today the areas of submittals samples mock-ups and shop drawings so as i said it'll be broken up into two parts and we'll be in the first part looking at middles what are they looking at types and examples of submittals we'll be looking at mock-ups shop drawings sampling uh really why do we do that and what's kind of involved in the process and then in the second video we'll be looking at well how do we monitor this how do we control this and because it's very time intensive and it's a requirement to be successful in construction we want to make sure that we have we're doing the right things and we want to make sure that whoever is our suppliers manufacturers installers they have the most in-depth correct drawings for what it is that they want to do so we'll get into it so when we think about the construction documents as you recall from the previous lectures uh there's the project manual and you know as part of the project documents we have all of this information here that we utilize uh rfps requests for proposals instructions to bidders the bid forms general conditions of what's in the contract any specific supplementary conditions that we are specifying for the contract any additional information bidders might need and we got into the specifications and what's required in the specifications and the formats they used we talked about the 16 division format and the 50 division 0 to 49 divisions and your textbook might say 40 to 48 but that's because 49 is just a reserved section okay and then we have the drawings look at all the different types of drawings that we may be involved with most we will be involved with as part of the project requirements and any kind of commercial project you're going to have individual structural drawings mechanical drawings electrical engineering drawings special construction information this all becomes part and parcel together with the specifications and the contract of the project manual so today as we mentioned we're going to be looking at submittals and we're going to be talking about shop drawings material data samples and the sample submittal process which we'll get into in lecture 3b so types of submittals well um basically the the product data submittal consists of the manufacturer's pro product information uh you know architects uh and consultants they'll specify something but with a certain intent and then it's up to uh you the gc to sort of make sure that this product is going to meet that intent so you gather the information from the supplier you're going to use and they will provide you data and then you submit that to the consultant to review and to make sure it's in alignment with what the intent was in the drawings and specifications so that you don't go ahead and order something and then it's not in alignment with what the specifications and drawings intended so uh it'll of course have the manufacturer's name trade name model number use and performance characteristics if you're talking say about paint or uh additives to concrete it could be a lot of those kind of things size and physical characteristics where that's important finish characteristics where that would be important if it's a finished material that would be visible after construction and a lot of the the processes involves a little bit of back and forth too with specific uh requests for job site dimensions before somebody fabricates something they want to make sure it's going to fit so they want to have the data in place that it will fit now the world is changing a lot as we've mentioned and we are moving to more and more bim models and there's more and more high quality scanning technology that can really ensure that our dimensions are much more accurate than they have been in the past so our processes for submittals are also evolving to better represent these changes that are going on in the marketplace so shop drawings really a shop drawing it's the manufacturer's intent of how their product is to be installed so for example if we talk about a house the manufacturer for the roof trusses they will do shop drawings for the roof trusses and it'll show the strength characteristics of the trusses it'll show basically where the webs are supposed to be located the size of the cords it'll it'll indicate the calculations for the snow loads that it's capable of carrying and it'll show and indicate how it is to be placed on the roof and where it is to be placed on the roof and the fasteners that are to be used for it to ensure that it complies and it has the capacity to carry the loads in practice now an architect would not be able to come up with that information or a structural engineer would not be able to come up with that detailed of the information that the actual manufacturer is going to use the manufacturer is taking the engineers requirements they're also making sure that it complies with the building code and then they're putting that together to make sure that their product will comply with building code regulations and hopefully it'll comply with the intent that the engineer had for that particular product in case of my example roof trusses we call them truss drawings that's the thing in residential construction you probably don't hear shop drawings that much but they're there they're just called what they are trust drawings uh manufactured floor drawings uh kitchen cabinet drawings uh kitchen cabinetry you know the designer shows the kitchen cabinet layout in the floor plans but then when you actually go to buy the cabinets there's a lot of more detail that's required you know where are you putting the drawer banks uh which ways are the doors going to open um the exact sizing of the cabinets that is going to fit in that location have to be verified before they go into production those kind of aspects are done in the shop drawings in commercial projects you have shop drawings for things like the reinforcing reinforced concrete so the structural engineering drawings will show the rebar layouts how the rebar is supposed to be placed the size of rebar the shop drawings from the rebar supplier they will show the rebar and how it's going to be placed and tags and tag numbers for the rebar so that when it comes off the truck you know what rebar is for where otherwise you get it very confused you wouldn't know which rebar goes where etc so they try to have it make it very easy for the actual laborers that are installing the rebar to be able to infer that information and then it properly but they better have taken the information from the structural engineer and done it right and you the structural engineer before it goes into place wants to review it and make sure there's not been some error or something of that nature so that saves a lot of trouble in the construction process later on so we can think of that from the shop drawings perspective so it has more detail in that sense because it's really that manufacturer what their intent is as far as the installation process goes and you're supposed to it how that manufacturer has indicated or that manufacturer is not going to take any responsibility for anything too you know you get the roof trusses from the roof truss supplier and then you don't go it you use brackets or hangers that are supplied from by somebody else and they don't have the same structural strength well they're not going to warranty that or be responsible for that because you didn't follow their instructions for the installation so it is kind of a series of checks and balances that are put in place to make sure that we have compliance with as i said the intent of the overall drawings and specifications and project manual of the project but really the specifications and the drawings so information includes comparison information comparison between the drawings and the structural drawings that the engineer perhaps draw drew if we're talking structure structural stuff notes of changes or alterations information needed for fabrication so what they will require from the contractor so that they can go into fabrication nothing gets fabricated until the shop drawings have been reviewed dimensions needed for verification placement or installation information and perhaps samples uh depends what it is right we'll get into the the sample aspect so shop drawings uh so the comparison information information should compare and be related to the specs and drawings as i mentioned should address appearance performance prescriptive descriptions again you'll find a lot of that in the specifications often more detailed than the uh information on the drawings from the architecture engineer as i mentioned and can review fabricators version of the product so they can actually see their version of the product so the architect and engineer they know it conceptually they know the intent and the from the structural point of view they would know the structural requirements but they wouldn't get into as detail as the shop drawings typically will manufacturers material information anything specific that this manufacturer needs to inform the architect or engineer on their product and it should be very clear and complete you don't want to have stuff missed because this slows down the process because there's a review process that's involved notes of changes or alterations if there's changes from the architect engineers designed they should be noted that way it highlights if there's something that can't be done then what's being done instead very often this is the case you know the consultant doesn't know that this particular supplier is unable to do this particular thing but they have a workaround for it so it should be highlighted so they when they're reviewing it they clearly see it so it's not doesn't slip by and it's missed at the highest level the architect and engineer are responsible for any changes to the review but this does get complicated when we talk about legal cases my best friend is a judge i i've run with him for many many years and trust me in that time i've had a lot of time to ask a lot of questions my daughter is now a lawyer so i can ask her lots of questions and i do and i could probably sum up in two words what they really generally tell me especially my my judge friend uh so he'll usually say well tom it depends and what he's really saying with the it depends he's saying it depends on the documentation depends on the evidence right so there's no one answer it depends what the evidence is saying and they interpret that evidence and then they make decisions on that so you know if if an architect misses something or an engineer misses something on the review documents but it was kind of hidden in the review documents and it should have been sort of pointed out that this is a definite change then it depends it depends how that's presented how it was shown to the design person how maybe it would have been easy for them to miss and it should have been highlighted not buried in the document so these are some some areas that it's gray areas that you have to be cognizant of and careful about so there's this old saying he or she who has the best paperwork wins there's a there's a lot of truth in it and believe me in construction doing your due diligence in making sure that the documents are carefully reviewed that you review them maybe you see something that the architect may be missed well let them know uh if you need some extra information that's what an rfi is request for information and it's documenting it's not just verbalizing it so shop joints are helping to clarify things that if there is something that's a little different here it is and so now when you're actually installing it it's been reviewed by the engineer and the architect and it's been okayed they don't approve that's another thing they'll typically say reviewed they reviewed it again there gets into legal implications i approved it it's a little bit more um it's a little bit more holding them accountable so they're kind of careful about that in the book and i think in one of my slides one of them says approved typically it's going to say reviewed information needed to fabricate the product so dimensions i should say needed there dimensions manufacturing methodologies to work on site special fabrication instructions as i said fabrication drawing should include everything that the fabricator needs to manufacture the product so all the information needs to be there so fabricating is different than your drawings it's got to be more detailed because the fabricator has to put all the components and pieces together to make whatever the assembly is that then goes into the building indication of dimensions uh needing verification so anything that needs to be verified look when you have a set of floor plans and you build the building and it says it should be uh 25 foot six and a half inches you know what it might be end up being 25 foot uh six uh five and three quarter inches there's tolerance variances so what kind of tolerances are you working within and so this is what it's supposed to be and this is what it actually is so there's always very variation and that would be in our tolerances so what's the highest upper level of tolerance what's the lower level of tolerance and then we should be in compliance with that variation but the fabricator wants to know what the actual is and then even when they make it they may have some variations in how they've manufactured it especially on in-situ construction on-site construction there are always slight variations in deviations and as we move forward with bim the verification of this becomes easier with scanning technologies etc but we still have variations nothing is perfect kitchens allow for scribes leg adjustments you know you renovate a house everything is out of level out of plum out of square now a new building shouldn't be like a an old house is but there still are tolerance variations in precast concrete facades that we put on the outside of buildings like curtain walls they have gravity connections that take the weight of the panel and they also have adjustments on it so that they can adjust it a little bit up or down they have lateral adjustments so they can adjust it in or out to satisfy those tolerances but the building has to be within certain tolerance levels and if it's outside that there's going to be problems it's not gone it doesn't have enough flexibility to adjust that much there's room for some adjustment but there's limitations so panel to panel connection too so they can make adjustments even the building code look at this this is from the ontario building code i took this out uniformity and tolerance for risers and treads tread runs and risers on stairs should be uniform equal well what does that mean equal like perfect nothing is perfect as i said however a maximum tolerance is permitted five millimeters between adjacent treads or landing that's pretty good that's a quarter of an inch almost um 10 millimeters between the tallest and shortest risers in a flight and a riser is from the top of tread to top of tread right or bottom of tread the bottom of threads the same thing so from top of tread to top of tread that's a riser so you've got some flexibility and that's good too you know if you built the stairs and you have it being inspected then the inspector says oh they're out well how much are they out they're out three millimeters you could say well actually within the code it's five millimeters so we're good uh or it could be the building code says five millimeters but the specification says three millimeters so watch for that right so if the specification says three millimeters then that's what you're held accountable to building code remember is the minimum standard before it's illegal it's not this fantastic standard it's just the minimum standard before it's illegal so you'd have to be careful about that i use that as an example and actually on the lrt and ottawa there was some issues with some of the stairs that they were out of tolerance so it caused a lot of rework and grief later on in that particular example where there was tolerances that were falling outside was what was acceptable so you have to be very careful about that because that can be enforced and you want to make sure you know what they are and you want to make sure somebody's not enforcing something that's not right either so that's the other issue if they're telling you oh well you're going to have to fix these because they're three mil they're five mil six millimeters out if the tolerance was seven millimeters then you wouldn't have to unless the building code said something different then you still have to it's a different inspector uh placement or installation information special anchors fasteners embedded brackets adhesives they'll include those types of things so i think i've got some examples on embedded brackets coming up with my curtain wall example so the curtain wall example here this is showing where you would have some of your support brackets and your lateral adjustment brackets for the curtain wall so curtain wall remember it's like precast concrete slabs with window openings that can form the outside walls of exterior buildings we see a lot of glazed curtain walls in the city with condominium buildings but some of those condominiums have precast concrete curtain walls in that case they would have these adjustments you see precast concrete done on a lot of box stores like home depot canadian tire those kind of things as well and so they require shop drawings from the precast manufacturer and those are going to show where your fasteners are going to be your load-bearing connecting points and your lateral connecting points and then those are basically your load-bearing uh connector points and your lateral connector points these are your joining uh connections between the pre-slab pre-slab panels right so this would this is carrying the weight but it can also be adjusted slightly and this can be adjusted in and out so again if your slabs are a little out you got a little bit of adjustment this way and you can adjust a little bit this way and these connection points have to be able to support uh you know in some cases it might be eight thousand pounds of concrete the precast slab might weigh that it's supporting transferring that weight onto the slabs and of course the slabs have to been designed to be able to support that load and transfer that to the shear walls and the columns etc right down through the building to your footings and of course going back to soil capacity and then that has to be able to support that so you might have to have embedded anchors put at those particular points in your slab so you'd have to have these shop drawings done ahead of when your slabs are poured so you make sure that the anchors are embedded in the slabs so that then they will line up and then they can support the curtain walls the precast curtain walls so you start to see how these elements fit together like i have to have that information done and approved before i start pouring my slabs if i don't have that then i i'm gonna have a problem and these are like packing pieces uh that go in between when you have to make adjustments right so the different packing pieces so this is an example just one example of the types of shop drawings that need to be done and reviewed before you can order the precast and also before you can pour your slabs because then you're going to want to know all the detailed information about this the placement of these anchors so that they'll be able to support the direct loads from the panels there may be also in other installation considerations and there may have to be other uh criteria for example you may have to you may find that the roof assembly that the way it was designed and the way that you want to construct the building is not able to temporarily support the precast on the roof right so then you might have to have uh saw the roof strengthened and shored up so that it'll be able to support the precast it doesn't need shoring up for just its regular use but then that might change the design so this information goes back and forth to ensure that you're able to do the construction process and this starts ahead of the construction you try to get as much of this done in the pre-construction process and as construction is going on of course you will have submittals for things that are further along in the construction process like cabinetry and mill work and things of that nature that's coming maybe several years down the road you're not doing that in pre-construction but as the project goes along but the sooner you're ahead on that information the better you don't want something like that to end up slowing down the critical path of the project you don't want to start you know not knowing where the anchors are to be placed you don't want that to slow down the installation of your slabs and the pouring of the slabs and the superstructure because that's on the critical path and that'll just have a ripple effect through your whole project if you don't have that done so of course then there's also even keeping to the same theme there's samples that you have to provide in some cases mock-ups it depends what it is you know just simple rebar you're not going to need samples for because the consultants know what it is and they've specified what rebar it's supposed to be so that wouldn't be an issue but you might have samples for oh you could have samples for the color of the window so you might want a piece of the extrusion of the window that's showing and maybe it's an anodized brown aluminum that would indicate what the color is of it so there there could be sample requests floor samples carpet finishes baseboard crown mold uh doors for cabinetry you could keep going with this right this is a a sample set wall section we call that a mock-up because it's not just one piece of something like you could have a sample for what the uh exposed surface of the precast is going to look like so you have a good idea of the coloring but if it's going to be going over the whole building you might want a mock-up that's going to show you what this whole assembly is going to look like so the precast supplier would do up this mock-up and then they would bring it to the site sometimes they even put it close to the building so the designer and the owner they can come to the building and they can take a look and they can sort of see what it looks like on the on the building i remember when they were building humber river hospital they had a two-floor mock-up just off to the left of where the superstructure of the building was and they had it all completed so you could sort of see that and see the building uh you might have to do a mock-up for uh one of the in the hospital uh one of the patient's rooms so maybe off-site you build a complete patient's room finishes everything floor and then the client comes and they look at it maybe they don't like something about the floor finish maybe they don't like the color of the paint maybe they don't like the finite level of finish that you put on the drywall well that's okay then you get that feedback information you adjust it you fix the mock-up and then they look at it again and then they like it then all you got to do is do the thousand patient rooms in that hospital exactly the same you know what standard was set and they've reviewed it and now you've got the go-ahead to do that so it's very very helpful we used to do a mock-up i remember we used to do window installations and it's kind of a little bit of a funny story so with the when it's one i like to tell because i remember it really well good bad and the ugly uh so we would have like a thousand windows to do for this government agency take out the old windows put in the new windows and so we put in the new window you always did one complete put one in and uh so it was usually for tenant housing and so you do one house and they would come and check the windows and i remember one of the inspectors said take the stops off so i took the stops off and the inspector said where's the polyurethane insulation and i i may have said this already in a previous video if i did forgive me but uh where's the insulation polyurethane thing insulation and there and behold i had the fiberglass insulation it was in the specifications as you recall so the specifications uh would say uh polyurethane foam insulation back then i didn't even know what it was because it was a new product so it was good for having that mock-up because they caught it and it was only that one window so that way i got to fix that and not do it in a whole bunch of them and have to go back and fix them because that was my fault for not understanding the specifications not reading them really closely and being complacent because i'd done so many previous projects the same way and then something changed so that's mock-ups and prototypes so that you get that passed and then it sets the standard you can fly with it then it makes it much easier so that's kind of the intro part that i wanted to give you on uh the submittal process with shop drawings and samples and submittals we're going to get into a little bit of the meat of the process how do we control it what how do we log it i have a procurement schedule and follow it and track it because that's a really big deal you want to make sure that it's not going to delay the project you want to make sure that you're proactive on it not reactive and you want to hold people like the consultants and clients and owners accountable if they're the ones that are slowing your progress down and costing you money you could perhaps make a change or a claim for a change and get some extra money if it's draining you of your profitability so you certainly want to make sure that you're not being held accountable for something that's not your fault so we'll get into that in lecture 3d have a wonderful day i'm tom stevenson signing off for now