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U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Tabular Summary of NHTSA Toyota Pre-Crash EDR Field Inspections January 2011 DISCLAIMER This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. If trade or manufacturers’ names or products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. NHTSA-NVS-2011-ETC-SR11 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date January 2011 Tabular Summary of NHTSA Toyota Pre-Crash EDR Field Inspections 6. Performing Organization Code NVS 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. NHTSA-NVS-2011-ETC-SR11 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 1200 New Jersey Ave., S.E. Washington, DC 20590 11. Contract or Grant No. 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 1200 New Jersey Ave., S.E. Washington, DC 20590 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes This report provides supplementary information to NHTSA Report No. NHTSA-NVS-2011-ETC, “Technical Assessment of Toyota Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) Systems,” January 2011. 16. Abstract 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Sudden acceleration, unintended acceleration, electronic throttle control, “Silver Book,” 19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Field Inspection Results Summary Tables As part of its overall efforts 1 to identify vehicle- based causes of unintended acceleration (UA) not already covered by existing safety recalls in Toyota vehicles, NHTSA conducted 58 onsite inspections of vehicles reportedly involved in UA incidents from March to August of 2010. The primary objective of these inspections was to obtain pre-crash data from the vehicles’ Event Data Recorders (EDR). The inspections also included physical examinations of the vehicle and, where possible, an examination of the crash scene, reviews of the vehicle history, and interrogation of the vehicle’s other onboard computer systems. Incidents were selected primarily from consumer complaints, police contacts, and media reports. The field inspections are grouped by incident type and unique case number on the following pages. Within each grouping, several data elements are listed. Those elements are briefly described below. Each field inspection is identified by a unique case number. The raw EDR outputs and additional information listed by the same case number are found in Appendix xx. Note when reviewing this material, that several of the incidents include more than one page of related EDR data 2 3. Where this occurred, the latest one was summarized. • Driver Intent: Similar to the consumer complaint review covered earlier in the report, NHTSA assessed the circumstances reported by the driver or other involved parties at the time the incident began to discern likely driver intent with respect to brake and accelerator controls. In most cases 4, this is based directly on the driver’s testimony. In some cases, it’s based on NHTSA’s assessment of the incident circumstances. • • • 1 EDR Results (three categories): o Initiation Speed: vehicle speed indicated by the EDR data at -5 seconds o Brake: brake light switch status (brake application) over the pre-crash period o Accelerator: accelerator pedal position indicated over the pre-crash period NHTSA Review (two categories): o Initiation Maneuver: driver maneuver at the time the incident initiated (e.g., deceleration) o Outcome: more detailed synopsis of the vehicle’s movement during the incident Severity: worst injury experienced by anyone associated with the incident (includes occupants or pedestrians) For more information on this effort, see Several reasons exist for this: Incidents with multiple EDR data pages involved multiple impacts sufficient to enable the EDR algorithm. In some cases, the impacts were closely enough spaced so as to permit overlap. In other cases, the incident duration and timing between impacts was great enough to produce multiple related but non-overlapped EDR images. 3 Some incidents show multiple pages of unrelated EDR data (earlier unrelated incidents). These are most readily discerned by comparing front seat occupancy and belt status, timing between the events, and the data’s fidelity to physical evidence from the subject incident. 4 48 of the 58 incidents fall into the Apply Brakes scenarios. 81% (39) of those incidents are based on driver assertions that they were using the brakes. 2 No Relevant EDR Data Collected Vehicle Movement (NHTSA Observation) EDR Data Case B1 B2 B3 Driver Intent Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Initiation Speed (mph) Brake -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Incident Specifics Outcome Model MY Worst Severity Driver Age (yrs) Exiting Parking Space Ba cki ng out of res i denti a l dri vewa y; Struck ma i l box Corolla 2010 None 55 - 64 -- Driving vehicleSteady Rea r i mpa ct of vehi cl e i n tra ffi c Corolla 2009 None UNK -- Decelerating Struck a pa rki ng curb Prius 2010 None UNK Corolla 2010 Injury 75+ Accelerator Initiation Maneuver B4 Apply Brakes -- -- -- Driving Vehicle- Stop & Go Vehi cl e a ccel era ted a nd s truck dumps ter i n s pi te of bra ke a ppl i ca ti on; Struck dumps ter; EDR i n vehi cl e does not a ppea r to be the ori gi na l EDR. Looki ng for di s pos i ti on of ori gi na l B5 Apply Brakes -- -- -- Entering Parking Space Pul l i ng i nto dri vewa y; Struck pa rked vehi cl e Prius 2010 None 55 - 64 B6 Apply Brakes -- -- -- Stopped / Idling Whi l e s topped a t s top s i gn, engi ne s ped up, forci ng ca r i nto i nters ecti on; Struck vehi cl e i n tra ffi c; Corolla 2009 None 65 - 74 UA- Pedal Entrapment Vehicle Movement (NHTSA Observation) EDR Data Case Driver Intent 15 Release Accelerator Initiation Speed (mph) Brake 57 Sustained Accelerator Initiation Maneuver Sustained Application Case Driver Intent 10 Apply Brakes 44 Late Off 12 Unknown 63 None 14 Unknown 76 16 Apply Brakes 19 24 Release Accelerator 51 31 Apply Accelerator 0 None Spike 38 Unknown 48 None Sustained Application 35 None Off 35 Late Off 11 Late 40 43 44 Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Brake Outcome Model MY Worst Severity Driver Age (yrs) Approa chi ng hi ghwa y exi t, vehi cl e a ccel era ted; conti nued down exi t ra mp, tra vers ed i nters ecti on, depa rted the roa dwa y ES350 2007 None 65 - 74 Non-UA Incidents Vehicle Movement (NHTSA Observation) EDR Data Initiation Speed (mph) Driving vehicleSteady Incident Specifics Incident Specifics Outcome Model MY Worst Severity Driver Age (yrs) Driving vehicleSteady Vehi cl e wa s dri vi ng on roa dwa y; rea r i mpa ct of s topped vehi cl es RAV4 2007 Injury 35 - 44 Sustained Application Driving vehicleSteady Vehi cl e tra cked s tra i ght through a curve a nd cros s ed the centerl i ne duri ng hea vy ra i nfa l l ; Struck a nother vehi cl e hea d-on ES350 2007 Fatal 55 - 64 None Sustained Application Driving vehicleSteady Vehi cl e l eft the hi ghwa y; Struck gua rdwi re, tree, rol l ed over Camry 2007 Fatal 75+ Late Off Decelerating Decel era ti on to s top s i gn; Tra vers ed i nters ecti on, s truck vehi cl e Camry 2010 None 55 - 64 Driving vehicleSteady Dri vi ng a t hi gh s peed on l oca l roa ds ; l eft roa dwa y pa rt wa y through a l eft turn Matrix 2009 None 20 - 34 Entering Parking Space Driving vehicleSteady Driving vehicleSteady Driving vehicleSteady On-s treet pa ra l l el pa rki ng; Struck pedes tri a ns a nd bui l di ng RX350 2009 Injury 55 - 64 Vehi cl e l eft the roa dwa y; Struck a uti l i ty pol e Yaris 2007 Fatal 55 - 64 Dri vi ng on s tra i ght roa d; Left the roa dwa y, s truck a tree Camry HEV 2008 Injury 55 - 64 Rea r i mpa ct of other vehi cl es s topped i n roa dwa y Sienna 2004 Injury 45 - 54 Decel era ti on to tra ffi c l i ght; Struck vehi cl e i n tra ffi c Matrix 2009 Injury 45 - 54 Vehi cl e l eft the roa dwa y; tra vers ed gra s s , s truck gua rd ra i l & pol e RX330 2006 Fatal 55 - 64 Vehi cl e cros s ed centerl i ne, s truck a tree Camry 2007 Fatal 35 - 44 Accelerator Initiation Maneuver Significant- Ramping Midevent Application 47 Unknown 78 None 48 Unknown 58 Early / None Sustained Application Ramping Application Ramping Application Decelerating Driving vehicleSteady Driving vehicleSteady Pedal Misapplication Incidents (1 of 2) Vehicle Movement (NHTSA Observation) EDR Data Case Driver Intent Initiation Speed (mph) Brake 0 None Incident Specifics Accelerator Initiation Maneuver Outcome Model MY Worst Severity Driver Age (yrs) Ramping Entering Parking Application Space Ramping Exiting Parking Space Application Sustained Decelerating Application Sustained Entering Parking Application Space Sustained Driving Vehicle- Stop Application & Go Turni ng to pul l i nto a pa rki ng s pa ce; Intrus i on i nto bui l di ng Camry 2007 None 65 - 74 Shi fted i nto Dri ve, s truck curbs Camry 2010 None 75+ Vehi cl e wa s dri vi ng i n l oca l tra ffi c; Tra vers ed i nters ecti on, s truck wa l l RAV4 2007 None 55 - 64 Pul l i ng i nto res i denti a l ga ra ge, vehi cl e s truck i nteri or wa l l twi ce. Camry 2007 None 55 - 64 Dri vi ng through commerci a l pa rki ng l ot; Struck a l i ght pol e ES350 2007 Injury 65 - 74 Camry 2010 Injury 75+ Camry 2009 None 75+ Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes 4 Dual 26 None 11 Late 40 None 6 Apply Brakes 66 None Sustained Application 7 Apply Brakes 29 None Sustained Driving Vehicle- Stop Application & Go Vehi cl e wa s dri vi ng on l oca l roa d; Si des wi ped a nother vehi cl e, s truck uti l i ty pol e, rol l ed over Dri vi ng through commerci a l pa rki ng l ot, a pproa chi ng i nters ecti on; Struck pa rked vehi cl es 8 Apply Brakes 5 None Ramping Application Entering Parking Space Pul l i ng i nto pa rki ng s pa ce; Intrus i on i nto bui l di ng Camry 2009 None 45 - 54 9 Apply Brakes 24 Late Ramping Application Decelerating Sta rted to pul l forwa rd to enter tra ffi c; Tra vers ed roa dwa y, s truck vehi cl e Corolla 2009 None 45 - 54 11 Apply Brakes 2 None Spike Entering Parking Space Pul l i ng i nto pa rki ng s pa ce; Struck tree Camry 2008 None 65 - 74 Highland er 2004 None 75+ 1 2 3 4 5 Driving vehicleSteady 13 Apply Brakes 17 None Sustained Exiting Parking Space Application Exi ted pa rki ng s pot, vehi cl e tra vers ed pa rki ng l ot; Struck a dumps ter a nd tree before i ntrudi ng i nto a bui l di ng 17 Apply Brakes 24 Early / None Ramping Application Ha d begun bra ki ng to ma ke a turn from a l oca l roa d; Struck tree RAV4 2007 Injury 75+ 18 Apply Brakes 1 None Ramping Exiting Parking Space Application Shi fted i nto Dri ve a fter ba cki ng out of a pa rki ng s pa ce; Struck pa rked vehi cl e LS460 2008 None 65 - 74 19 Apply Brakes 0 None Ramping Application Pul l i ng i nto pa rki ng s pa ce; Struck bui l di ng Camry HEV 2007 None 35 - 44 20 Apply Brakes 0 None Ramping Exiting Parking Space Application Shi fted i nto Dri ve a fter ba cki ng out of res i denti a l dri vewa y; Struck ca rport fra me, tra vers ed l a wn, s truck tree Camry 2009 Injury 55 - 64 21 Apply Brakes 15 Significant- Sustained Exiting Parking Space Midevent Application Des cendi ng pa rki ng ga ra ge ra mp; Struck bui l di ng, el ectri ca l tra ns former LS430 2004 Injury 75+ 22 Apply Brakes 0 Early / None Ramping Driving Vehicle- Stop Application & Go Creepi ng behi nd other vehi cl e i n s chool pi ckup l i ne; Rea r i mpa ct of vehi cl e a hea d Corolla 2009 Injury 75+ 6 None Pul l i ng i nto pa rki ng s pa ce; Struck pa rked vehi cl e Highland er 2006 None 55 - 64 2 None Ramping Entering Parking Application Space Sustained Exiting Parking Space Application Vehi cl e s topped i n s el f-s erve ca rwa s h ba y; Struck curb a nd wa l l ES350 2008 Injury 75+ Vehi cl e a ccel era ted whi l e tra vers i ng a l ong rura l gra vel dri vewa y; Struck s ma l l trees , rol l ed over RAV4 2009 None 75+ Wa s tra vers i ng a l ong pri va te dri vewa y, l eft the roa d s urfa ce; Struck tree RX400h 2006 Fatal 55 - 64 23 25 Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Decelerating Entering Parking Space 26 Apply Brakes 21 None Sustained Application Driving vehicleSteady 27 Unknown 40 None Sustained Exiting Parking Space Application 28 Apply Brakes 6 Late Spike Entering Parking Space Vehi cl e wa s enteri ng pa rki ng s pot; Struck a s i gn pol e Sienna 2004 None 65 - 74 29 Apply Brakes 10 None Ramping Application Entering Parking Space Vehi cl e wa s pul l i ng i nto a pa rki ng s pa ce; Tra vers ed l a wn, s truck bui l di ng Camry 2009 Injury 75+ Pedal Misapplication Incidents (2 of 2) Vehicle Movement (NHTSA Observation) EDR Data Case Driver Intent 30 Apply Brakes 32 33 34 35 36 37 39 41 42 45 Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Initiation Speed (mph) Brake Accelerator Initiation Maneuver 27 None Ramping Application 6 Late Ramping Application 4 None Spike 5 None 5 None 0 Late 0 None 6 None 8 None 4 None 25 None Decelerating Entering Parking Space Entering Parking Space Ramping Exiting Parking Space Application Ramping Entering Parking Application Space Ramping Entering Parking Application Space Driver Age (yrs) Decel era ti ng for tra ffi c a hea d; Rea r i mpa ct of other vehi cl es s topped i n roa dwa y Camry 2007 Injury 45 - 54 Pul l i ng i nto res i denti a l dri vewa y; Struck bui l di ng ES350 2008 Injury 65 - 74 Pul l i ng i nto pa rki ng s pa ce; Intrus i on i nto bui l di ng Camry 2009 None 35 - 44 Ba cki ng the vehi cl e i n a rura l gra vel dri vewa y; Struck mul ti pl e trees RAV4 2007 None 20 - 34 Enteri ng pa rki ng s pa ce; Struck wa l l ES350 2007 Injury 75+ Pul l i ng i nto; Struck a bui l di ng RAV4 2008 None 20 - 34 Vehi cl e l unged from pa rki ng s pot; Cl i mbed curb, s truck s ma l l tree, vehi cl e Highland er 2010 None 45 - 54 Pul l i ng i nto pa rki ng s pot; Intrus i on i nto bui l di ng RAV4 2010 None 65 - 74 Pul l ed i nto pa rki ng s pa ce; Intrus i on i nto bui l di ng Camry 2007 None 55 - 64 Enteri ng dri vewa y; Drove through ga ra ge door Camry 2009 Injury 65 - 74 Decelerating Approa ch to i nters ecti on; Tra vers ed i nters ecti on, s truck tree Camry 2009 None 55 - 64 ES350 2008 Injury 75+ Corolla 2010 Injury 75+ Dri vi ng i n commerci a l pa rki ng l ot; Cl i mbed curb, s truck pa rked vehi cl es Camry 2010 None 75+ Pul l i ng i nto pa rki ng s pa ce; Struck concrete s i gn ba s e Camry 2007 None 75+ Rode up on curb, s truck s pot l i ght, a nother vehi cl e, rol l ed over, s truck a nother vehi cl e. Corolla 2009 Injury 75+ Sustained Application Driving vehicleSteady 49 Apply Brakes 31 None Sustained Application Decelerating 8 None 4 None 26 Late Unknown Worst Severity Entering Parking Space Entering Parking Space Entering Parking Space None A1 MY Ramping Application Ramping Application Ramping Application Ramping Application 50 51 Model Stopped / Idling Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Apply Brakes Outcome Spike 46 50 Incident Specifics Ramping Driving Vehicle- Stop Application & Go Ramping Entering Parking Application Space Ramping Application Decelerating Dri vi ng on l oca l roa d; Entered pa rki ng l ot, s truck pa y phone, l a rge s i gn, rol l ed over, s truck a nother vehi cl e Approa ched s top s i gn; Tra vers ed i nters ecti on, entered pa rki ng l ot, tra vers ed l a wn, s truck fence