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Shareholders Agreement

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Shareholders’ Agreement between Two Shareholders of Closely Held Corporation with Buy Sell Provisions

Agreement made this (date), between

, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of , with its principal office located at , referred to herein as Corporation; , of , referred to herein as First Shareholder; and , of , referred to herein as Second Shareholder.

Whereas, Corporation is authorized to issue shares of common stock, with a $ par value per share. shares of common stock are issued, outstanding, and are owned by Shareholder as follows:

Whereas, the parties deem it in their best interest, and in the best interest of the Corporation, to provide some restrictions on the transfer, purchase, and ownership of the stock of the Corporation;

Now, therefore, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants contained in this agreement, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:

1. Definitions: The following definitions apply to this Agreement:

A. Closing means the date of purchase and sale of stock pursuant to this Agreement.

B. Sale Date means the date triggering a purchase and sale under this Agreement.

2. Issuance and Transfer of Stock

All stock owned currently or acquired after execution of this Agreement shall be issued, held, and transferred pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. Shareholders agree not to dispose of or transfer any stock owned now or in the future except as provided in this Agreement. Any disposal or transfer of stock in violation of this Agreement is ineffective.

3. Stock Certificate Legend

Stock certificates for stock issued by Corporation to a shareholder must contain the following legend:

The shares of stock represented by this certificate are held pursuant to the provisions of a Shareholders’ Agreement executed on (date). All transfers of stock are subject to the terms of such Shareholders’ Agreement. A copy of the Shareholders’ Agreement is on file in the office of the Secretary of the Corporation.

4. Transfer of Stock during Life of Shareholder

A. A Shareholder shall give written notice to Corporation and to remaining Shareholder within days of receiving a third party's bona fide written offer, which the Shareholder plans to accept, to purchase any portion of the Shareholder's stock.

B. Remaining Shareholder have the right to purchase the stock for which the offer was made in proportion to the number of shares then owned by remaining Shareholder. Remaining Shareholder may avail himself of this right by giving written notice to the selling Shareholder of his election to buy within days of receiving notice of intent to sell. If Remaining Shareholder fails to purchase such Selling Shareholder's shares of offered stock, Corporation shall have the right to purchase the offered stock. Remaining Shareholder and Corporation may take any action required to enable Corporation to purchase Selling Shareholder's stock under the terms of this Agreement, including creation of a surplus.

1. Either the Remaining Shareholder or Corporation may avail themselves of the right to purchase offered stock by giving notice of that election to the Selling Shareholder within days of receipt of the notice given pursuant to Paragraph A of this Section 4.

2. Purchases and sales pursuant to this Paragraph B shall be at the prices and terms set forth in the original offer. In a sale of stock by a Shareholder to Corporation, the sale price shall increase or decrease by an amount equal to any indebtedness owed Selling Shareholder by Corporation, or any indebtedness owed to Corporation by Selling Shareholder.

3. The Selling Shareholder may not participate in determining whether Corporation will purchase any portion of the offered stock.

4. If all offered stock is not purchased by Remaining Shareholder or Corporation pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, the offered stock may then be sold by the Selling Shareholder to the third party at the price and terms in that party's offer.

5. A Selling Shareholder may not sell stock at a price or term that differs from the original offer without first reoffering the offered stock to Remaining Shareholder and Corporation pursuant to the procedures set forth in this Section.

6. In the event of a sale of stock from a Shareholder to another Shareholder or to Corporation, Closing shall occur at a time mutually agreed on by the parties to the sale. However, Closing may not occur later than days from the sale date. On the sale date, the Selling Shareholder shall deliver the stock to the agreed upon escrow agent representing Corporation. The agent shall hold the stock until full payment is made, and shall then deliver the stock to the purchaser.

C. If offered stock is not purchased by the third party pursuant to this Section within days from the date of Selling Shareholder's receipt of the third party's offer, the offer shall be deemed to have expired. If Selling Shareholder's still wishes to accept the third party's offer, the offered stock must be reoffered to remaining Shareholder and Corporation pursuant to the procedures outlined in this Section.

D. Any person acquiring offered stock from a Shareholder shall become bound by the terms of this Agreement immediately after acquiring the interest in stock of Corporation. Transfer of the offered stock on Corporation's books shall not be accomplished until a copy of this Agreement is executed by the acquiring person. However, failure or refusal to sign this Agreement shall not relieve any person acquiring an interest in Corporation's stock from the obligations set forth in this Agreement.

E. On sale of all stock owned by a Shareholder, all interests of such Shareholder with respect to the stock sold shall terminate, and such Shareholder shall resign as an officer or director of Corporation effective no later than the closing date of the sale.

5. Transfers of Stock after Shareholder Death

A. In the event of the death of a Shareholder, all stock of the Deceased Shareholder shall pass to the beneficiary or beneficiaries of the Deceased Shareholder pursuant to the terms of the Last Will and Testament of the Deceased Shareholder with such beneficiary or beneficiaries to acquire all rights that the Deceased Shareholder had as a result of being a holder of such shares.

6. Noncompetition in Case of Sale by Shareholder

Selling Shareholder shall, on Closing Date, execute an agreement as follows:

A. Definitions. As used in this Section, the following terms have the following meanings:

1. Confidential Information means (i) any information with respect to Corporation’s customers, accounts, costs, plans, business policies, programs, formulae, products, know-how, trade secrets, suppliers, pricing policies or rates, marketing techniques, or any other information which may now or in the future be considered by Corporation to be confidential or proprietary, (ii) reports, memoranda, correspondence, and other writings belonging to Corporation, which may have been produced by or come into the possession of Selling Shareholder in the course of his involvement with the Corporation as a shareholder, officer, director, or employee, excluding any of the foregoing which is in the public domain.

2. Territory means the following area: (describe)

B. Selling Shareholder does hereby covenant and agree that for a period years after the Closing Date, Selling Shareholder shall not, directly or indirectly (as agent, consultant or otherwise) compete in any way with the business of Corporation throughout the Territory.

C. Selling Shareholder will not, at any time, disclose any such Confidential Information of Corporation to any person, except as required by law. Selling Shareholder acknowledges that the Confidential Information of the Corporation is material to the value of the Corporation, and is unique, and agrees that disclosure thereof in violation of this Agreement may irreparably damage the value of the Corporation.

D. It is the intent of the parties that the provision of this Section 6 shall be enforced to the fullest extent permissible under the laws and public policies applied in each jurisdiction in which enforcement is sought. Accordingly, to the extent that the non-competition restrictions hereunder shall be adjudicated to be invalid or unenforceable in any such jurisdiction, the court making such determination shall have the power to limit, construe or reduce the duration, scope, activity and/or area of such provision, and/or delete specific words or phrases to the extent necessary to render such provision enforceable to the maximum reasonable extent permitted by applicable law, such limited form to apply only with respect to the operation of this Section in the particular jurisdiction in which such adjudication is made.

E. Selling Shareholder acknowledges that his adherence to the terms of the covenants set forth in Section 6 are necessary to protect the value of the Corporation, that a continuing breach of such covenants will result in irreparable and continuing damage to the value of the Corporation, and that money damages would not adequately compensate Corporation for any such breach and, therefore, Corporation would not have an adequate remedy at law. In the event any action or proceeding shall be instituted by Corporation to enforce any provision of Section 6, Selling Shareholder shall waive the claim or defenses in such action that (i) money damages are adequate to compensate the aggrieved party for such breach, and (ii) there is an adequate remedy at law available to the aggrieved party, and shall not urge in any such action or proceeding the claim or defense that such remedy at law exists. Corporation shall have, in addition to any and all remedies at law, the right, without posting of bond or other security, to an injunction, both temporary and permanent, specific performance and/or other equitable relief to prevent the violation of any obligation under Section 6. Selling Shareholder agrees that the remedies of Corporation for breach of this Section 6 shall be cumulative, and seeking or obtaining injunctive or other equitable relief shall not preclude the making of a claim for damages or other relief. The parties to this Agreement also agree that Corporation shall be entitled to such damages as Corporation can show it has sustained by reason of such breach. In any action brought to enforce the covenants set forth in Section 6, or to recover damages for breach thereof, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover reasonable attorneys' fees and other expenses of litigation, together with such other and further relief as may be proper.

7. Severability

The invalidity of any portion of this Agreement will not and shall not be deemed to affect the validity of any other provision. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, the parties agree that the remaining provisions shall be deemed to be in full force and effect as if they had been executed by both parties subsequent to the expungement of the invalid provision.

8. No Waiver

The failure of either party to this Agreement to insist upon the performance of any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, or the waiver of any breach of any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, shall not be construed as subsequently waiving any such terms and conditions, but the same shall continue and remain in full force and effect as if no such forbearance or waiver had occurred.

9. Governing Law

This Agreement shall be governed by, construed, and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of .

10. Notices

Any notice provided for or concerning this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed sufficiently given when sent by certified or registered mail if sent to the respective address of each party as set forth at the beginning of this Agreement.

11. Attorney’s Fees

In the event that any lawsuit is filed in relation to this Agreement, the unsuccessful party in the action shall pay to the successful party, in addition to all the sums that either party may be called on to pay, a reasonable sum for the successful party's attorney fees.

12. Mandatory Arbitration

Any dispute under this Agreement shall be required to be resolved by binding arbitration of the parties hereto. If the parties cannot agree on an arbitrator, each party shall select one arbitrator and both arbitrators shall then select a third. The third arbitrator so selected shall arbitrate said dispute. The arbitration shall be governed by the rules of the American Arbitration Association then in force and effect.

13. Entire Agreement

This Agreement shall constitute the entire agreement between the parties and any prior understanding or representation of any kind preceding the date of this Agreement shall not be binding upon either party except to the extent incorporated in this Agreement.

14. Modification of Agreement

Any modification of this Agreement or additional obligation assumed by either party in connection with this Agreement shall be binding only if placed in writing and signed by each party or an authorized representative of each party.

15. Assignment of Rights

The rights of each party under this Agreement are personal to that party and may not be assigned or transferred to any other person, firm, corporation, or other entity without the prior, express, and written consent of the other party.

16. In this Agreement, any reference to a party includes that party's heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, singular includes plural and masculine includes feminine.

WITNESS our signatures as of the day and date first above stated.

By:

Enter text✕

What a Shareholders Agreement Is and When It Applies

A Shareholders Agreement is a private contract among a company’s shareholders that supplements corporate bylaws and articles of incorporation by defining rights, obligations, and governance rules not set out in public filings. It typically covers share transfers, voting rights, board composition, dividend policy, information rights, and dispute resolution procedures. The agreement can control liquidity events, set buy‑sell triggers, and allocate decision‑making authority to protect minority or founding shareholders. It is commonly used at formation, during financing rounds, and when ownership structures or exit scenarios require bespoke terms.

Why a Shareholders Agreement Matters for Owners and the Company

A Shareholders Agreement reduces uncertainty by documenting governance, transfer limits, and dispute processes; it protects economic and voting interests and clarifies exit mechanics. Properly drafted, it lowers litigation risk, supports investor confidence, and preserves business continuity while complementing state corporate law.

Why a Shareholders Agreement Matters for Owners and the Company

Who Typically Uses a Shareholders Agreement

Common users include founders, outside investors, family owners, and boards seeking predictable governance and protected ownership rights.

  • Founders and early‑stage investors balancing control, dilution, and exit planning in financing rounds.
  • Institutional or strategic investors requiring preemptive rights, information access, and veto powers for governance matters.
  • Family or closely held businesses formalizing succession, transfer restrictions, and buy‑sell mechanics among relatives.

Use this agreement when ownership is shared, when investor protections are needed, or when the parties want bespoke governance beyond public charters.

Typical Signatories and Their Roles

Founder / CEO

A founder or CEO typically signs on behalf of a shareholder class and accepts governance commitments such as voting covenants, transfer restrictions, and confidentiality obligations that affect control and future capital raises.

Investor / Board Representative

An investor or its designee signs to secure investor protections including board appointment rights, information rights, liquidation preferences and tag/drag rights while preserving enforcement mechanisms for breaches.

Essential Provisions Included in a Professional Shareholders Agreement

A robust agreement addresses ownership mechanics, governance, financial entitlements, transfer controls, governance decision thresholds, and dispute resolution to reduce ambiguity and align shareholder expectations.

Share Allocation

Defines share classes, conversion rights, and economic entitlements so each shareholder’s ownership percentage, dividend rights, and liquidation priority are clear and enforceable.

Transfer Restrictions

Sets preemptive rights, ROFR/ROFO, lockups, and consent requirements to control transfers and prevent unwanted third‑party ownership changes.

Board and Voting

Specifies board composition, appointment rights, quorum rules, and supermajority voting thresholds for major corporate actions to protect governance interests.

Dividend and Economic Policy

Outlines dividend distribution policy, allocation of profits, and treatment of retained earnings to align financial expectations among shareholders.

Buy‑Sell and Exit Mechanics

Establishes valuation methods, drag/tag rights, put/call options, and insolvency treatment to streamline exits and compulsory transfers.

Dispute Resolution

Includes mediation, arbitration clauses, governing law selection, and injunctive relief provisions to resolve conflicts efficiently and limit litigation exposure.

Required Information to Complete the Agreement

Company Name: Exact legal name
Entity Type: Corporation or LLC
Shareholder Names: Legal names of parties
Share Classes: Class and quantity
Effective Date: MM/DD/YYYY
Governing Law: State of law

Step-by-Step: Completing and Executing a Shareholders Agreement

Follow these sequential steps to prepare, review, and complete the agreement for valid execution and recordkeeping.

  • 01
    Prepare Draft: Assemble company data and draft core provisions.
  • 02
    Legal Review: Have counsel review for statutory compliance and tax implications.
  • 03
    Shareholder Review: Distribute draft to signatories and resolve comments.
  • 04
    Execute and Store: Sign, notarize if needed, and retain originals per retention policy.

Configuring an Online Signing Workflow

Set up a secure digital workflow to route signatures, authenticate signers, and capture an audit trail for enforceability.

Field Configuration
Signature Fields Assign to each signer with date stamps
Authentication Use email + SMS code or stronger KBA as required
Execution Order Set sequential or parallel routing per role
Audit Trail Enable IP, timestamp, and action logs

Where to Send or File the Executed Agreement

After execution, distribute executed copies to internal stakeholders and file with counsel; recording with state agencies is uncommon but may be needed for related real estate transactions.

  • Company Records: Place signed original in corporate minute book.
  • Shareholder Copies: Provide each shareholder a fully executed copy.
  • Counsel/Registrar: Send copy to company counsel and corporate secretary.
  • Related Filings: Record ancillary instruments if transferring real property.

Digital Distribution and Integration Considerations

Choose a platform that supports secure eSigning, audit trails, and integrations with your document systems.

  • Integrations: Salesforce, NetSuite, Google Workspace, Microsoft 365
  • File Formats: PDF, DOCX, and digitally signed PDFs
  • Authentication: Email, SMS code, KBA, or advanced methods

Ensure the platform you select can produce a tamper‑evident PDF and capture a full audit trail to strengthen enforceability and retention.

Important Dates and Timing to Track

Track effective dates, approval deadlines, notice periods, tax reporting milestones, and amendment windows to remain compliant and preserve rights.

Effective Date Entry:

Record exact MM/DD/YYYY when obligations commence.

Shareholder Approval Deadline:

Meet any voting thresholds or meeting notice timing in bylaws.

Tax Reporting Impact:

Report ownership changes for IRS purposes when relevant.

Amendment Notice Period:

Comply with any specified advance notice for amendments.

Document Retention Start:

Retention begins on effective date or last signature.

Key Milestones from Draft to Enforceability

Sequential milestones help ensure a clean record from negotiation through execution and retention.

01

Draft Completion

Finalize terms and confirm shareholder identities and share counts.

02

Legal Review

Counsel verifies statutory compliance and tax consequences.

03

Execution

Signatures collected, notarized if required, and copies distributed.

04

Storage and Retention

Store originals securely and follow retention schedule.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Preparing the Agreement

  • Using informal or inconsistent party names that later cause ambiguity in enforcement or record searches.
  • Failing to specify valuation methods for buy‑sell triggers, leading to disputes at exit events or buyouts.
  • Overlooking tax consequences of share transfers and not consulting tax counsel for structured transactions.
  • Neglecting to set clear notice procedures and contact details, which can void notice-based rights or deadlines.

Risks and Legal Consequences of Errors or Omission

Breach Liability: Contract damages possible
Fiduciary Claims: Derivative suits or equitable relief
Tax Penalties: IRS penalties for incorrect reporting
Enforceability Risk: Ambiguous terms may be void
Control Disputes: Board deadlocks and operational paralysis
Confidentiality Breach: Loss of proprietary information

Comparing eSignature Vendors for Executing Shareholders Agreements

Choose a provider that supports enforceable eSignatures, audit trails, and (if required) HIPAA or 21 CFR Part 11 compliance. Pricing and features vary by plan and enterprise needs.

signNow DocuSign Adobe Sign PandaDoc HelloSign
Starting Price $8/user/mo $15/user/mo $14/user/mo $19/user/mo $15/user/mo
Free Trial 7‑day free trial Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan Varies by plan
Bulk Send Yes Yes Yes Yes Varies
Audit Trail Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
HIPAA Compliant Yes Varies Varies Varies Varies
Envelope Cap No cap 100 envelopes/user/year Varies Varies Varies

Real-World Scenarios Where a Shareholders Agreement Helped

Examples show how tailored terms prevent disputes and clarify exit pathways across business stages.

Optica Ventures

Optica finalized founder protections during seed funding to prevent dilution disputes.

  • The agreement set clear anti‑dilution mechanics and preemptive rights.
  • The result was fewer investor conflicts and a documented path for follow‑on financing that preserved founder influence while allowing outside investment.

Martin Properties

A real estate partnership used a shareholders agreement to manage transfers and buyouts.

  • Agreement included buy‑sell triggers tied to valuation.
  • That clarity reduced family disputes, allowed orderly succession, and enabled smoother refinancing and sale processes.

Frequently Asked Questions About Shareholders Agreements

Answers to common legal and practical questions about drafting, signing, and enforcing a Shareholders Agreement.


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