Marital Deduction Trust – Trust A and Bypass Trust B
This Trust Agreement is made on the _______________ ( date) , between
_______________________ ( Name of Trustor) , presently residing at _____________
____________________________________________________ ( street address,
city, state, zip code) , hereinafter called Trustor , and ______________________
( Name of Trustee) , a banking corporation organized and existing under the laws of
_________________, with its principal office located at _________________________
_____________________________________________ ( street address, city, state,
zip code) , referred to herein as Trustee .
For and in consideration of the mutual covenants contained in this agreement,
and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is
hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:
1. Establishment of Trust
A. Name of Trust . This Trust shall be known as the ___________________
( Name) Trust.
B. Trust Corpus . Trustor has transferred and delivered to Trustee all the
property described in the attached Schedule A, which, together with all other
property subsequently transferred and delivered to Trustee, shall constitute the
Trust Estate, and shall be held, administered, and distributed as provided in this
Agreement.
C. Registration of Trust . This Trust shall be exempt from registration and no
person or corporate entity shall be required to register this Trust.
D. Certificate of Trust Existence and Authority . Trustee may, at any time,
record, file, or deliver a Certificate of Trust existence and authority with or to any
clerk, register of deeds, transfer agent, or other similar agency or office to any
person dealing with Trustee. The Certificate may contain a verbatim synopsis of
certain provisions of this Agreement and shall be executed by Trustee. Any
purchaser or person dealing with Trustee shall be entitled to rely on the
Certificate as a full statement of the provisions of this Agreement which are
pertinent to the particular transaction. Machine copies of the executed Certificate
shall have the same effect and authority as the executed Certificate.
2. Reservations
A. Amendment and Revocation . Trustor may, during Trustor's lifetime and
without the consent of anyone, by written instrument filed with Trustee, revoke
this Trust in whole or in part (at which point the Trust property or the part affected
by the revocation shall be distributed in accordance with Trustor's instructions),
on paying the sums due to Trustee for Trustee's service, or may from time to time
alter or divest the interest of or change the Beneficiaries of this Trust without
limitation in any respect, and may otherwise modify this Trust, except that the
duties and compensation of Trustee shall not be materially changed by any
amendment without Trustee's written approval.
B. Reservation of Special Power of Appointment . Trustor reserves the
power, exercisable as often as Trustor may choose, by an instrument deposited
with Trustee, to appoint any part or all of the principal and income of the Trust,
outright or on Trusts, conditions, or limitations, to any one or more of Trustor's
issue, or the then current or surviving spouses of such issue, to charitable
organizations, or Trustor's siblings, or unrelated persons. This power, under this
provision, shall not be exercisable by Trustor in favor of Trustor, Trustor's
creditors, Trustor's Estate, or creditors of Trustor's Estate.
C. Insurance . Trustor retains all of Trustor's rights, benefits, and options
under Trustor's insurance policies payable to or assigned to Trustee, including
the right to change beneficiaries, to receive dividends and surrender values, to
borrow, to sell, to exercise options and elections, and to assign or hypothecate
any policies to any lender, including any Trustee, as security for any loan, with
the rights of the lender then being superior to Trustee. At Trustor's request
Trustee shall, without incurring any personal liability, approve such an
assignment or hypothecation. Trustee shall have no responsibility for the
payment of premiums or the repayment of any loans secured by the policies.
3. Lifetime Management
A. Income . Trustee shall pay to Trustor the net income, if any, in any
installments and amounts as Trustor directs, or in the absence of direction,
quarter-annually. Net income not distributed shall be accumulated and become a
part of the principal.
B. Invasion of Principal . Trustor reserves the right, from time-to-time, to
direct Trustee to pay to Trustor, or for the benefit of Trustor, any principal as will,
when combined with other income, support and maintain Trustor so that Trustor
might, as near as possible with due regard to Trustor's total estate and the future
financial requirements for Trustor and Trustor's dependents known to Trustee,
continue to enjoy the standard of living to which Trustor has become
accustomed; provided, however, that no funds of property shall be expended by
Trustee under this provision to provide for any goods or services the means for
acquisition of which are available from other sources, including, but not limited to,
insurance or governmental benefits. This power shall be liberally construed
without regard to interests of remaindermen and shall also include amounts for
premiums on life insurance on Trustor's life, whether or not such policies are
assigned to or payable to Trustee, and all sums necessary to preserve and
protect Trustor's property.
C. Absence or Incapacity of Trustor . Trustor wishes to be sure that if
Trustor is taken ill or is away, or, for any reason, is unable to attend to Trustor's
affairs, that not only Trustor's business matters but also Trustor's personal care,
comfort, and well-being will be carefully and promptly looked after without the
necessity of court proceedings. For this reason, if Trustee is of the opinion that
Trustor is unable, for any reason, to attend to Trustor's personal or business
affairs, Trustee shall make whatever arrangements Trustee considers necessary
or desirable and pay to or use for the benefit of Trustor any part of the income
and principal of the Trust Estate as Trustee believes to be a desirable,
reasonable, and proper for Trustor's care, support, comfort, and well-being;
provided, however, that no funds or property shall be expended by Trustee under
this provision to provide for any goods or services the means for acquisition of
which are available from other sources, including, but not limited to, insurance or
governmental benefits. Under such circumstances, Trustee shall have authority
to do the same things in connection with Trustor's business, household, and
personal affairs as Trustor could do if Trustor were then able to act in person. In
addition to the fees for Trustee's conventional services, Trustee shall be
reasonably compensated for assuming the additional responsibilities and duties
contemplated by this Paragraph.
4. Consequences of Trustor’s Death
A. Death of Trustor . At the death of Trustor, this Agreement shall be
irrevocable. Trustee shall receive and hold as part of this Trust all the then
remaining principal and undistributed net income as well as any proceeds of any
insurance on Trustor's life and all other property received by Trustee at Trustor's
death or at any later time from any source. After Trustor's death Trustee shall
administer and distribute this Trust in accordance with the provisions of Section
5 .
B. Collection of Insurance .
1. On the death of Trustor, Trustee shall collect as part of the Trust
the proceeds of any policies of life insurance assigned Trustee or on
which Trustee has been named beneficiary. Trustee shall have full
authority to take any action regarding collection of the life insurance policy
proceeds Trustee deems best and pay the expenses out of the Trust, but
Trustee shall not be required to commence or maintain any litigation to
enforce payment until Trustee shall have been indemnified to Trustee's
satisfaction against all liabilities and expenses to which Trustee might, in
Trustee's judgment, be subjected on account of the litigation.
2. Trustee shall have full authority to make compromises or settlement
with respect to any such life insurance policy proceeds as Trustee may
deem expedient and to give to any insurance company and other parties
all necessary releases, acquittances, and discharges.
3. No insurance company which makes payment of life insurance
policy proceeds to Trustee shall be required to inquire into or take notice
of any of the provisions of this Agreement or to see to the application or
disposition of the proceeds, and the receipt of Trustee shall be effectual to
release and discharge the insurance company for any payment so made
and shall be binding on every beneficiary of the Trust.
5. Duration and Distribution of Trust
A. Dealings with Trustor's Estate . On the death of Trustor, Trustee shall
pay out of the Trust Estate the expenses of Trustor's last illness, taxes, burial
expenses, and expenses of estate administration, to the extent that these items
shall not be paid or responsibility for their payment assumed by some other
person, governmental unit, insurance, estate, or Trustor's Estate. Without liability
for loss, Trustee shall have the power to lend money to Trustor's Estate, with or
without security, and to purchase property of any character from Trustor's Estate,
and to retain the property so long as Trustee deems advisable, whether or not
the property is of the class in which Trustees are authorized by law to invest
Trust funds. It is Trustor's intent by this provision to specifically authorize the
purchases or loans even though the personal representative of Trustor's Estate
and Trustee may be the same person or corporation.
B. Special Benefits Trust . Trustee shall place in a separate special benefits
Trust pursuant to this Paragraph all payments or benefits received by Trustee
after Trustor's death from a qualified retirement plan or any other source
described in Section 2039 of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended, or any corresponding section of any future United States law, which
are paid in a form as to be exempt from federal estate tax at Trustor's death so
long as they are not paid to the personal representative of Trustor's Estate or
used for the payment of taxes, debts, or administration expenses in Trustor's
Estate. This Trust shall continue until all tax matters in Trustor's Estate have
been settled to the satisfaction of Trustee, at which time the assets of this Trust
shall be distributed to the general Trust. No portion of the income or principal of
this Trust shall be paid to Trustor's personal representative or used for the
payment of taxes, debts, or administration expenses in Trustor's Estate.
C. Trust Administration and Distribution . On the death of Trustor, this
Trust shall be held, administered, and distributed as provided in this Paragraph
C.
Trust A – The Marital Trust
AA. Allocation of Property to Trust . Trustee shall set aside and
allocate to the Marital Trust, referred to subsequently as Trust A, all
amounts which have not been specifically allocated to the By-Pass Trust,
referred to subsequently as Trust B, under Sub-Paragraph BA, below, and
subject to the following limitations:
1. Only assets which qualify for the marital deduction allowable
in determining the federal estate tax for Trustor's Estate shall be
allocated to Trust A.
2. All assets distributed to Trust A shall have an aggregate fair
market value at the date, or dates, of distribution which amount to
no less than the amount of Trust A as finally determined for federal
estate tax purposes.
3. To the extent that other assets qualifying for the marital
deduction are available, Trust A shall not be funded with:
a. Assets with respect to which credit for foreign taxes
paid is allowable under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended;
b. Assets which may be subject to both income and
estate taxes and which may be eligible for a credit or
deduction;
c. United States Treasury bonds eligible for redemption
at par in payment of federal estate taxes;
d. Assets which are not included in determining Trustor's
gross estate for federal estate tax purposes or assets which
do not qualify for the federal marital deduction; or
e. Shares of stock which otherwise would qualify for
redemption under Section 303 of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended.
AB. Qualifications of Trust A for Marital Deduction . Trustor intends
that the amount of property allocated to Trust A shall qualify (without
reduction by the payment of any estate, inheritance, and similar taxes) for
the marital deduction allowable under any state and federal estate tax
applicable to Trustor's Estate, and that all questions relating to this Trust
be resolved accordingly. To this end, the powers and discretions given to
Trustee shall not be exercised or exercisable with respect to the property
in Trust A, except in a manner consistent with Trustor's intention as
expressed in the preceding sentence.
AC. Disposition of Income and Principal during Surviving Spouse's
Lifetime . Trust A shall be for the exclusive benefit of Trustor's Spouse,
and during such period as the Spouse shall survive Trustor:
1. Trust A: Payment of Income to Spouse. Trustee shall pay
to the Spouse the entire net income of the Trust in any installments
as the Spouse may direct, but no less frequently than quarterly.
2. Trust A: Payment of principal to Spouse. From time-to-
time and at any time, any amounts from principal as Trustee in
Trustee's discretion shall deem necessary or advisable for the
Spouse's comfort, support, and maintenance, or in cases of illness
or emergency; provided, however, that no funds or property shall
be expended by Trustee under this provision to provide for any
goods or services the means for acquisition of which are available
from other sources, including, but not limited to, insurance or
governmental benefits.
3. Trust A: Payment of Principal on Demand of Spouse .
Trustor's Spouse shall have the power to withdraw free of any Trust
any amounts of the principal of Trust A, even to the point of
exhausting the same, as the Spouse may request in writing from
time-to-time and at any time; but, no one purporting to act on behalf
of Trustor's Spouse shall have the authority to compel distribution
of principal under this provision.
AD. Construction of Payment Provisions; Unproductive Property . It
is Trustor's wish that Trustor's Spouse be adequately provided for during
the period that the Spouse shall survive Trustor, and that any principal
payments made in the discretion of Trustee to the Spouse after Trustor's
death be made, so far as possible, from Trust A, before being made from
any portion of Trust B, below. Unproductive property shall not be held as
an asset of Trust A for more than a reasonable time during the lifetime of
Trustor's Spouse without the written consent of the Spouse.
AE. Termination of Trust A; Surviving Spouse's General Power of
Appointment . Unless sooner terminated pursuant to the terms of Sub-
Paragraph AC, above, Trust A shall terminate on the death of Trustor's
Spouse. On termination, the entire principal of Trust A then remaining, or
any part of the principal, together with any undistributed and accrued
income, shall be transferred, assigned, and paid over free and discharged
of all Trusts under this instrument, to and among such appointee or
appointees and in any amounts or proportions, outright or in Trust, as
Trustor's Spouse, by the Spouse's last Will and by specific reference to
this power, may direct and appoint. The general power of appointment
which is conferred on Trustor's Spouse by this provision shall be
exercisable in the manner provided by the Spouse alone and shall be
exercisable in favor of the Spouse's estate as well as in favor of any other
person or persons, individual or corporate.
AF. Transfer to Trust B in Default of Exercise of General Power of
Appointment . If Trustor's Spouse shall fail to effectively exercise, in
whole or in part, the power of appointment conferred in Sub-Paragraph
AE, above, or in default of the appointment, that portion of Trust A not so
appointed shall be paid over free and discharged of this Trust to the
Trustee of Trust B, below, to be held, administered and distributed as if
originally part of Trust B. Trustor's Spouse may also disclaim all or any
part of Trust A with the same affect; and, Trustor's Spouse shall not be
deemed to have predeceased Trustor by reason of the disclaimer.
AG. Trustee's Authority to Pay Certain Taxes . If Trustor's Spouse
shall not effectively exercise the power of appointment conferred on the
Spouse under Sub-Paragraph AE, above, or in default of the appointment,
Trustee is authorized in Trustee's discretion to pay from the then principal
of Trust A to the legal representative of Trustor's Spouse, or directly to the
official or officials authorized to receive and receipt for the same, any
additional federal estate tax or any other tax however designated that may
be due and payable by the legal representative of Trustor's Spouse by
reason of the inclusion in the Spouse's estate for federal estate tax or any
other tax purposes of any remainder at the Spouse's death of Trust A over
which the Spouse had the power of appointment.
Trust B – The By-Pass Trust
BA. Allocation of Property to Trust . On the death of Trustor, Trustee
shall allocate to the By-Pass Trust, subsequently referred to as Trust B,
the maximum amount of property which Trustor could retain without
payment of federal estate taxes giving effect to the maximum unified credit
available to Trustor as of the date of Trustor's death. In allocating property
to Trust B, Trustee shall give first consideration to any property which
would not qualify for inclusion in the property allocated to Trust A, as
provided in Sub-Paragraph AA, above.
BB. Supplemental Allocation of Property to Trust . In addition to the
property allocated to Trust B as provided in Sub-Paragraph BA, above,
Trustee shall allocate to Trust B any property which remains and which
does not qualify for allocation to Trust A as provided in Sub-Paragraph
AA, above. If, on the death of Trustor, Trustor is not survived by a Spouse,
then all of Trustor's property shall be allocated to Trust B.
BC. Disposition of Income and Principal . Trust B shall be held and
disposed of, as follows:
1. Trust B: Payment of Income to Spouse. Commencing with
the death of Trustor, Trustee shall pay the net income from Trust B,
at least quarterly, to Trustor's surviving Spouse, for so long as the
Spouse survives.
2. Trust B: Payment of Principal to Spouse. Trustee shall
pay to Trustor's surviving Spouse so much of the principal of Trust
B, as Trustee, in Trustee's sole discretion, from time-to-time
believes desirable for the Spouse's reasonable support, medical
care, and education, taking into account, however, other resources
available to the Spouse which are known to Trustee; provided,
however, that no funds or property shall be expended by Trustee
under this provision while Trust A continues to be funded; or, to
provide for any goods or services the means for acquisition of
which are available from other sources, including, but not limited to,
insurance or governmental benefits. Should two or more persons,
whether individual or corporate, serve as Trustee, and Trustor's
Spouse serve as one of those Trustees, the decision to pay
principal from Trust B to Trustor's Spouse shall be made by Trustee
or Trustees other than Trustor's Spouse, and without Trustor's
Spouse taking part in that decision.
3. Trust B: Surviving Children. Trustee shall pay so much or
all of the net income and principal of this Trust, even to its
exhaustion, to each child under age ____, hereinafter called the
termination age as required, in the judgment of Trustee to (1)
provide proper care and support, including housing, food, clothing,
and medical and dental expenses; (2) provide an education,
including tuition, books, fees, housing, board, spending money,
travel, camp, and including public or private school, college,
university, graduate, professional or technical school, during the
time that the child shall pursue his or her education in good faith;
(3) provide funds for a wedding and other necessary social
expenses; (4) meet extraordinary or emergency expenses which
arise through illness or other misfortune; (5) pay expenses arising
out of last illness and burial; or (6) provide for general welfare and
well being. In making income and principal distributions, Trustee
may, but is not required to, consider any other income or property
available to a child from any other source (including any self-help
ability) known to Trustee. Net income not distributed shall be
accumulated and become part of the principal. Trustee shall govern
aid and assistance to a child with due regard to the future financial
requirements of Trustor's other children under the termination age,
and for their support, care, and completion of their education. It is
Trustor's intent that Trustor's children have equal opportunity but
not that Trustee necessarily expend equal dollar amounts on behalf
of each child. A child's right to net income and principal, as
provided above, terminates when the child attains the termination
age, provided however, that Trustee may pay so much or all of the
net income and principal of this Trust, even to its exhaustion, as
required in the judgment of Trustee, to (a) meet extraordinary or
emergency expenses which arise through illness or other
misfortune of a child who has already attained the termination age,
or (b) provide a child with an education even though the child has
already attained the termination age if Trustee shall determine the
child has been unavoidably prevented (e.g., military draft, illness, or
similar reason) from taking advantage of education opportunities
available to children under the termination age. Any child who shall
receive any net income or principal, under this provision, shall not
be required to repay the same to this Trust nor shall any such
payment be set off against the distributive share of the child.
4. Trust B: Loans to Children. Trustee may also make loans
to any child for any of the six purposes specified above or for such
purposes as purchasing a home, starting a business, or other
similar purposes at any time, regardless of his or her age, provided
all such loans shall be made with due regard to the future financial
requirements of Trustor's other children under the termination age
for their support, care, and completion of their education. All loans
shall be repaid as Trustee shall determine and may be secured or
unsecured and with or without interest.
5. Trust B: Family Home. In the event that the family home of
Trustor's children shall become an asset of this Trust, the family
home may be retained for the benefit of all, some, or one of
Trustor's children at the expense of the Trust. In addition, Trustee
may provide financial assistance by outright grant (without
obligation for repayment), investment, loan, or otherwise, to the
guardian or any other person having the care and custody of
Trustor's children for the purpose of providing funds for the
purchase, expansion, alteration, or rental of living accommodations
for the children, it being Trustor's intent to protect the guardian or
any other person having the care and custody of Trustor's children
from any significant economic burden by reason of their
appointment and to give Trustee broad discretion in assisting the
guardian or any other person having the care and custody of
Trustor's children in providing living accommodations for Trustor's
children.
6. Trust B: Distribution to Children . When the last of
Trustor's children attains the termination age, or if all Trustor's
children have attained the termination age at Trustor's death,
Trustee shall divide all principal and undistributed net income of this
Trust into equal shares, one for each child surviving, and one for
each child not surviving but leaving a child of his or her own, share
and share alike, per stirpes and not per capita. These shares shall
be continued in Trust and Trustee shall distribute each child's
separate share as follows: ______% at age _____, ______% of the
original balance at age _____, and the balance at age ______.
Nevertheless, if Trustee determines any share is so small that its
continuation is impractical or inefficient, Trustee may terminate and
distribute the Trust.
BD. Death of Child . If any child dies before complete distribution of that
child's separate share and leaves no descendants surviving, that child's
share shall be divided into equal shares for Trustor's remaining children
and be continued in Trust or distributed as provided in this Agreement. If
any child dies before complete distribution of that child's separate share
and leaves descendants surviving, that child's share shall be distributed to
his or her surviving issue per stirpes; provided, the share of any issue who
is under age _____ shall be paid to the guardian or conservator of the
issue for the benefit of the issue.
BE. Residuary Distribution . If, at any time following the creation of this
Trust, Trustor and Trustor's Spouse and issue should all die without
having acquired the rights to immediate payment of all the property held in
Trust for them, Trustee shall terminate this Trust immediately and pay all
property held by Trustee to the following named beneficiaries, or to their
respective heirs, by right of representation, per stirpes and not per capita:
1. To Trustor's ___________________ (e.g., niece or
nephew) ________________________ (name of niece or
nephew) , of _________________________________________
___________________________ (street address, city, state, zip
code) , ____________ ( dollar amount or percentage) ;
2. (Set forth additional beneficiaries and dollar amount or
percentage distribution.) ________________________________
_____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________.
D. Income Payments . Whenever an income beneficiary dies, any accrued
but undistributed net income shall be paid, when distributed, to those
beneficiaries receiving the principal of the Trust.
E. Termination of Trust . Notwithstanding any other provision of this
Agreement, no interest in the Trust created pursuant to this Agreement or any
Trust or interest established by the exercise of a power of appointment shall (1)
continue to remain contingent beyond twenty-one (21) years after the death of
the last to die of any beneficiary who is living on the date on which this Trust
becomes irrevocable, or (2) continue beyond the time at which their continued
existence would violate the Rule Against Perpetuities. On the expiration of either
of these periods, any Trust or interest in a Trust or any Trust or interest
established by the exercise of a power of appointment shall terminate and the
assets shall be distributed outright in equal shares to the income beneficiaries, or
if any income beneficiary shall be deceased, that beneficiary's share to his or her
descendants per stirpes .
6. Release and Limitation of Powers
A. All powers created in this Agreement are releasable in whole or in part. In
addition to any other method of release recognized by law, the power may be
released by a writing declaring the donee's intention (or the intention of the
appointor of the power of appointment) to release, signed, and delivered in
conformance with Section 11 , Paragraph E, regarding the exercise of rights.
B. In disposing of any property subject to a testamentary power of
appointment, Trustee shall be fully protected in relying on any Will which shall
have been admitted to probate in any jurisdiction as the last Will of the donee ( or
appointor) of the power of appointment or in acting on the assumption that the
donee died intestate without exercising the power of appointment if Trustee does
not receive notice of the existence of a Will of the donee which has been
admitted to probate within (e.g. three) _____ months from the date of death of
the donee.
C. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the donee of a
special power of appointment shall have the right to appoint property which has
been added to this Trust by the exercise by Trustor or any other person of an
earlier power of appointment in such a manner that it will postpone the vesting of
any estate or interest in the property, or suspend the absolute ownership or
power of alienation of the property, for a period ascertainable without regard to
the creation of the earlier power, the exercise of which brought the property into
this Trust. This paragraph is intended to preclude the inclusion of the property in
Trustor's Estate (or such other appointer) for federal estate tax purposes under
the provisions of Section 2041(a)(3) of the United States Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended, or any corresponding section of any future United States
Law.
7. Trustee
A. Rights of Trustee and Successor Trustee . Trustor grants to Trustee,
and to any Successor Trustee, the following rights, which shall be exercised in
the sole and absolute discretion of Trustee or Successor Trustee:
1. Right to inspection of real estate. Within (e.g., 180) ______ days
following:
a. A Trustee's, or Successor Trustee's, appointment and notice
that the Trust contains any interest in real estate, wherever
situated, and however previously owned; or
b. The receipt of a document or documents following the
appointment of a Trustee or Successor Trustee, purporting to
transfer to the Trust any interest in real estate, wherever situated,
and however previously owned;
Trustee, or Successor Trustee, may conditionally become acting Trustee, vested
with all title, powers, and discretion given to a Trustee without any act of
conveyance or transfer and without the necessity of a court appointment, and is
authorized to employ, at the expense of Trustor or at the expense of the Trust, a
technical consultant to perform reasonable environmental assessments of such
real estate. Trustee, or Successor Trustee, shall be permitted to condition
acceptance of the appointment or acceptance of the real estate as an asset of
the Trust on results from such an assessment satisfactory to Trustee, or
Successor Trustee.
If, during the period of time provided in this Subparagraph A(1), Trustee, or
Successor Trustee, shall have timely commenced to employ a technical
consultant as provided in this Subparagraph A(1), the time provided in this
Subparagraph A(1) shall terminate on the later of the following alternative dates:
a. The (e.g., 180) ______ days provided in this Subparagraph
A(1); or
b. (e.g., 60) ____ days after receipt by Trustee, or Successor
Trustee, of the report from the technical consultant.
2. Right to Withdraw as Trustee. If Trustee, or any Successor
Trustee, should determine, as a consequence of the receipt of an
environmental assessment of any real estate then in, or coming into, the
Trust, that Trustee, or Successor Trustee, is dissatisfied with the
environmental condition of the Trust Estate or any real estate in the Trust
Estate, or any real estate purporting to be transferred into the Trust
Estate, then Trustee, or Successor Trustee, may:
a. Disclaim all title, powers, and duties with respect to the Trust
by delivery of written notice to Trustor, if then living, or to the then
living income beneficiaries of the Trust; or
b. Continue as Trustee, subject to the removal of the
questioned real estate as an asset of the Trust Estate, prior to the
expiration of the period provided in subparagraph A(1), above,
including any extensions provided in such subparagraph, as the
case may be. Any such disclaimer or removal shall be effective as
of and relate back to the date of the event which commenced the
running of the time period provided in subparagraph A(1), above.
3. Failure to withdraw as Trustee. In the event Trustee, or any
Successor Trustee, should fail to act as provided in Subparagraph A(1),
above; or, in the event Trustee, or any Successor Trustee, should fail to
withdraw as Trustee, as provided in subparagraph A(2), above, then
Trustee, or any Successor Trustee, shall be deemed to be Trustee of this
Trust, without the necessity of any further act of conveyance or transfer or
evidence of appointment. Trustee, or any Successor Trustee, may, during
the time prescribed in subparagraph A(1), above, affirmatively waive the
right to withdraw provided in subparagraph A(2), above, by a written
instrument delivered to Trustor, if then living, or to the then living income
beneficiaries of the Trust, acknowledging the waiver of the right to
withdraw.
B. Successor Trustee . In the event that Trustee in this Agreement named
shall cease to act, ___________________ (Name of Successor Trustee) ,
presently of ______________________________________________________
___________ (street address, city, state, zip code) , is appointed Successor
Trustee.
C. Resignation and Succession . Any Trustee shall have the right to resign
at any time by giving (e.g., 90) ______ days' notice to Trustor, if Trustor is then
living and legally capable of acting, otherwise to those of Trustor's adult children
who are then living and legally capable of acting, or if none of them are then
living and legally capable of acting, to all beneficiaries then eligible to receive
income from the Trust established in this Agreement. If Trustee resigns, a
Successor may be appointed by Trustor during Trustor's lifetime, but, if Trustor
fails to do so within (e.g., 45) _____ days after receipt of the resignation notice or
is deceased or is legally incapable of acting, then the resigning Trustee shall
arrange for the appointment as Trustee, of a state or national bank or Trust
company, or of some suitable individual or company. A Successor Trustee shall
qualify by filing, within (e.g., 30) ______ days of appointment, a signed and
acknowledged acceptance of Trust with those parties who received notice of the
resignation of the prior Trustee. A Successor Trustee shall have all the rights,
title, powers, and discretions in this Agreement conferred on Trustee. In the
event that no Successor Trustee can be located as provided in this Section, the
resigning Trustee shall have the power to petition a court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a Successor Trustee.
D. Exculpatory . No Successor Trustee shall be liable for any act or failure to
act of any predecessor. With the approval of the person making the appointment
of Trustee, the Successor Trustee shall not be required to review the accounts,
acts, or omissions of predecessor Trustees or to take action against predecessor
Trustees for breaches of Trust and may accept whatever assets are turned over
without further inquiry.
E. Liability of Trustee . Trustee shall be liable only for the use of ordinary
care in the execution of this Trust and is relieved from giving bond or making any
inventory, return, or report to any court or person, except those as are specifically
in this Agreement provided. Trustee shall not be liable for any claims, damages,
or expenses, including, but not limited to, loss or diminution in value of any
property comprising the Trust Estate arising from Trustee's exercise or failure to
exercise the powers granted in Paragraph A of this Section 7 .
F. Indemnification for Environmental Contamination of Real Estate .
Trustor agrees to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless Trustee, or any
Successor Trustee, and any of Trustee or Successor Trustee's officers, directors,
employees, agents, Successors, and assigns, from any and all liabilities,
expenses, costs, claims, damages, and penalties, including, but not limited to,
expert and attorney fees, attributable to any environmental contamination on or
from any property comprising the Trust Estate at the time Trustee or Successor
Trustee accepts and enters on the duties and responsibilities of Trustee or
Successor Trustee, or in the event Trustor directs, whether directly or indirectly,
the Trust to accept real estate tendered to the Trust Estate, as well as any and all
acts, errors, and omissions in connection with the administration of any property
comprising the Trust Estate, whether presently present or subsequently acquired,
except such liabilities, expenses, costs, claims, damages, and penalties resulting
from the negligence or intentional misdeeds of Trustee or Successor Trustee or
its officers, directors, employees, agents, Successors, and assigns. In the event
a court of competent jurisdiction determines that this Section is unenforceable,
then such court shall reform the scope of this Section to any as is necessary for
the obligation to be held valid and enforceable; but, no such reformation shall
expand or extend the liabilities of Trustor beyond the terms provided in this
Section. Neither Trustor nor the beneficiaries of the Trust shall impose or assert
any obligation as to the enforceability of this indemnification obligation.
G. Corporate Merger . If Trustee merges or consolidates, the corporation
formed by a merger or consolidation shall act as Trustee and shall possess and
exercise all powers and authority in this Agreement provided.
H. Fees . Except as otherwise agreed upon, Trustee shall be compensated
annually for its services according to its schedule of standard fees for services as
Trustee in living Trusts as amended from time to time. In addition, Trustee shall
be reimbursed for all expenses and charges incurred in the performance of its
duties or by reason of its office as Trustee.
I. Beneficiary as Trustee . Notwithstanding any other provision of this
Agreement, if a beneficiary (other than Trustor) is also acting as a Trustee of this
Trust, then that beneficiary shall in no event participate in the exercise of any
discretion which might benefit that beneficiary or anyone to whom he or she
owes a legal obligation. It is Trustor's intent that any person serving as such a
beneficiary-trustee be precluded from participating in any decision to distribute
income or principal to that person, that person's creditors, that person's estate or
the creditors of that person's estate or acting as Trustee in any manner which
would cause that person's position as Trustee to be construed as a general
power of appointment under the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue
Code or which would cause the assets of this Trust to be included in that
person's estate for federal estate tax purposes. In addition, the beneficiary-
Trustee shall not exercise any of the incidents of ownership as to any insurance
on that person's life which is or will become an asset of the Trust.
J. Majority Vote . If there are three or more Trustees eligible to participate
with respect to the exercise of any power, decisions, or other matters involving
the administration, operation, payment, or distribution of this Trust, and Trustees
are unable to agree unanimously with respect to these matters, then the will of
the majority of Trustees of this Trust then serving who are eligible to participate
shall govern. Any Trustee voting against the decision of the majority shall be
relieved of all liability and responsibility arising out of or which is a consequence
of the will of the majority.
8. Accounting
A. Books and Records . All records, inventories, and accountings required
for the administration of this Trust shall be prepared by Trustee, and Trustee
shall be responsible for the care and safekeeping of all Trust monies, documents,
titles, and securities. All notices, objections, withdrawals, and other
communications shall be served on and received by Trustee. Where more than
one Trustee is designated, and one of those Trustees is a corporate Trustee, the
corporate Trustee shall be responsible for the duties set forth in this paragraph;
and, the individual Trustee, if any are serving, shall be relieved of all liability and
responsibilities for the duties delegated to the corporate Trustee by this
Paragraph.
B. Access to Books and Records . The books and records of Trustee shall
be open during business hours for inspection by Trustor or any beneficiary of this
Trust or the person's duly-appointed attorney, accountant, agent, or other
representative.
C. Trust Participation . During any time as Trustor's issue are adult
beneficiaries of the Trust, Trustee shall encourage them and give them the
opportunity, to the extent of their interest, to observe and be advised of the
investment asset management decisions of the Trust.
D. Periodic Accounting . Trustee shall keep a true account of all the affairs
pertaining to the Trust or any division of the Trust, and shall render, no less
frequently than annually, and send to Trustor and/or Trustor's guardian during the
lifetime of any Trustor and, after the death of the last surviving Trustor then to
each income beneficiary, an accounting statement showing all receipts,
disbursements, and distributions for the preceding period, together with a
statement of all of the property then in Trustee's possession belonging to the
Trust. The accounting statement shall be approved and be final and binding on
Trustor and on each beneficiary (1) when the same is approved in writing by the
beneficiary, or (2) unless the same is objected to by the beneficiary by delivery of
written objections to Trustee, within (e.g., two) ______ months from the date of
sending by ordinary mail or the delivery of the accounting statement.
E. Final Accounting . On the termination of the Trust, Trustee shall render
and send to each beneficiary a final accounting statement showing all receipts,
disbursements, and distributions since the last previous statement, together with
a statement of all of the property then in Trustee's possession and belonging to
the Trust. The final accounting statement shall be approved and be final and
binding on each beneficiary (1) when the same is approved in writing by the
beneficiary, or (2) unless the same is objected to by the beneficiary by delivery of
written objections to Trustee, within (e.g., two) _______ months from the date of
sending by ordinary mail or the delivery of the final accounting statement. After
approval of the final accounting statement and the payment of all of the
obligations of the Trust and distribution of the principal and accumulated net
income of the Trust to the beneficiaries entitled to the same, Trustee shall be
released and discharged from all liability for Trustee's acts and obligations under
this Agreement.
F. Accounting for Securities Transactions . It is agreed that transactions in
securities as reflected on periodic statements or final statements provided to
Trustor or beneficiaries by Trustee, will serve in lieu of copies of broker
confirmations, as adequate notice to Trustor or beneficiaries of completed
securities transactions.
G. Approval of Account by Beneficiary under Legal Disability . If any
beneficiary shall be a minor or under legal disability, a living parent, guardian, or
other person having physical custody of the beneficiary may act for the
beneficiary in approving accounts with the same effect as if the beneficiary had
been of full age or without legal disability and as if the beneficiary had approved
the accounts. Nothing contained in this paragraph shall be deemed to give the
person acting in conjunction with Trustee the power or right to enlarge, shift, or
restrict the beneficiary interest of any beneficiary in this Trust.
H. Judicial Settlement of Accounting . Trustee may, in the discretion of
Trustee, seek a judicial settlement of Trustee's account at any time.
9. Powers of Trustee
A. Powers of Trustee . In the administration of this Trust, Trustee shall have
the following powers, in addition to but not in limitation of Trustee's common law
and statutory powers, such powers to be exercised in a fiduciary capacity in
accordance with the general standards of Trust administration imposed on
Trustees.
1. To receive and retain the initial Trust corpus and all other property
which may subsequently transfer to Trustee either during Trustor's
lifetime, by Will or other testamentary disposition, or which any other
person may subsequently transfer to Trustee. Trustee shall receive all
such property as part of the Trust even though it may not be a legal
investment for Trustee and even though the property by reason of its
character may not be an appropriate Trust investment apart from this
provision. Trustee is authorized to retain its own stock or other securities
or stock or securities of any affiliate or holding company which owns
Trustee.
2. To sell, exchange, give options on, partition, or otherwise dispose
of any property which Trustee may hold from time to time, at public or
private sale, or otherwise for cash or other consideration or on credit, and
on any terms and for any consideration as Trustee deems advisable; and
to transfer and convey the property free of all Trust.
3. To invest and reinvest in any property, real or personal, including,
but not limited to, securities of domestic and foreign corporations and
investment Trusts, bonds, preferred stocks, common stocks, option
contracts, short sales, mortgages and mortgage participations, even
though the investment by reason of its character, amount, proportion to
the total Trust Estate, or otherwise would not be considered appropriate
for a fiduciary apart from this provision, and even though the investment
causes a greater proportion of the total Trust to be invested in investments
of one type or of one company than would be considered appropriate for a
fiduciary apart from this provision. The investment may be on a cash or
margin basis, and Trustee, for such purpose, may maintain and operate
cash or margin accounts with brokers, and may deliver and pledge
securities held or purchased by Trustee with the brokers both as security
for loans and advances made to Trustee and to insure the ability of
Trustee to deliver stock against short options. In addition, Trustee may
purchase life insurance with Trust assets only, even though it is non-
income-producing. Trustee is authorized to invest in any common fund,
legal or discretionary, which may be operated by and/or under the control
of a corporate Trustee.
4. To make loans, secured or unsecured, in amounts, on terms, at
rates of interest, and to persons, Trusts, corporations or other parties, and
to extend or renew any existing indebtedness, as Trustee deems
advisable.
5. To improve real estate, including the power to demolish buildings in
whole or in part and to erect new buildings; to lease (including leasing for
oil, gas, and minerals) real estate on any terms as Trustee deems
advisable, including the power to give leases for periods that extend
beyond the duration of any Trust; to foreclose, extend, assign, partially
release, and discharge mortgages.
6. To collect, pay, contest, compromise, or abandon, on any terms
and evidence as Trustee deems advisable, any claims, including taxes,
either in favor of or against Trust property of Trustee; to abandon or
surrender any property.
7. To employ brokers, banks, custodians, investment counsel,
attorneys, accountants, and other agents, and to delegate to them any
duties, rights, and powers of Trustee (including the right to vote shares of
stock held by Trustee) for any periods as Trustee deems advisable.
8. To hold and register securities in the name of a nominee with or
without the addition of words indicating the securities are held in a
fiduciary capacity; to hold and register securities in a securities depository
or in any other form convenient for Trustee.
9. To participate in any voting Trust, merger, reorganization,
consolidation, or liquidation affecting Trust property and, in this
connection, to deposit any Trust property with or under the discretion of
any protective committee and to exchange any Trust property for other
property.
10. To exercise any stock or other kind of option.
11. To keep Trust property in ______________ (name of state) , or
elsewhere, or with a depository or custodian.
12. To determine (reasonably and in accordance with sound Trust
accounting principles) as to all sums of money or other things of value
received by Trustee, whether and to what extent the same shall be
deemed to be principal or to be income, and as to all charges or expenses
paid by Trustee, whether and to what extent the same shall be charged
against principal or against income, including the power to apportion any
receipt or expense between principal and income and to determine what
part, if any, of the actual income received on any wasting investment or on
any security purchased or acquired at a premium shall be retained and
added to principal to prevent a diminution of principal on exhaustion or
maturity; provided, however, that this provision shall not be used to nullify
the provisions of Section 3 , Paragraph A, of this Trust Agreement; and,
provided, further, that income accrued on property at the time of transfer
to Trustee, whether or not then due and payable, shall be income of the
Trust. Trustee may also establish reserves for depreciation and
anticipated expenses and fund such reserves for depreciation and
anticipated expenses with appropriate charges against income. All
determinations made pursuant to this subparagraph by Trustee shall be
made fairly to balance the interest of the income beneficiary and the
remainderman. Trustee shall resolve all doubtful questions in favor of the
income beneficiary. If any income beneficiary also serves as one of
Trustees of the Trust, then the income beneficiary-Trustee shall not
exercise any of the powers granted by this subparagraph and all such
powers shall be exercised by the other Trustee only.
13. To distribute the Trust Estate in cash or in kind, or partly in cash
and partly in kind, as Trustee deems is advisable, to sell such property as
Trustee shall deem advisable for the purpose of making division or
distribution, and for purposes of distribution, to value the assets
reasonably and in good faith as of the date of distribution. The valuation
shall be conclusive on all beneficiaries. Trustee shall not be required to
distribute a proportionate amount of each asset to each beneficiary but
may instead make non-pro-rata distributions. In making a distribution,
Trustee may, but shall not be required to, take account of the income tax
basis in relation to market value of assets distributed. Distribution may be
made directly to the beneficiary, to a legally-appointed guardian, or where
permitted by law, to a custodian under any Uniform Transfers (or Gifts) to
Minors Act, including a custodian selected by Trustee.
14. To deposit monies to be paid to a beneficiary who is a minor in any
demand savings bank or savings and loan account maintained in the sole
name of the minor and to accept and deposit a receipt as a full
acquittance.
15. To accept the receipt of a minor as a full acquittance.
16. To borrow from anyone (including Trustee or any affiliate) in the
name of the Trust, to execute promissory notes and to secure obligations
by mortgage or pledge of Trust property, provided that Trustee shall not
be personally liable and that any such loan shall be payable out of Trust
income or assets only.
17. To hold, manage, invest, and account for any separate Trust in one
or more consolidated funds, in whole or in part, as Trustee deems
advisable. As to each consolidated fund, the division into the various
shares comprising the fund need be made only on Trustee's books of
account, in which each separate Trust shall be allocated its proportionate
share of the expenses. No such holding shall defer any distribution.
18. To carry, at the expense of the Trust, insurance of the kinds and in
amounts as Trustee deems advisable to protect the Trust Estate and
Trustee personally against any hazard or liability.
19. To exercise all of these powers without application to any court.
20. To otherwise exercise any power set forth in the Uniform Trustees'
Powers Law, being ( statutes) __________________________________,
as in effect on the date of this Agreement.
B. Diversification . Trustee shall not be required to diversify assets and is
authorized to receive and retain in the Trust any one or more securities or other
property, whether or not the security or other property shall constitute a larger
share of the Trust than would be appropriate for a fiduciary to receive and retain
apart from this provision.
C. Receipts . No purchaser or other person dealing with Trustee shall be
responsible for the application of any money or other thing of value paid or
delivered to Trustee. The receipt of Trustee shall be a full acquittance and no
purchaser or other person dealing with Trustee and no issuer, transfer agent, or
other agent dealing with Trustee shall be under any obligation to ascertain or
inquire into the power of Trustee to purchase, sell, exchange, transfer, mortgage,
pledge, distribute, or otherwise in any manner dispose of or deal with any
property held by Trustee. The certificate of Trustee that Trustee is acting in
conformance with the terms of this Agreement shall protect all persons dealing
with Trustee.
D. Application of Payments . With respect to all payments of income and
principal from this Trust to a minor, or any other person, including any Trustor,
under legal disability or to a person, including any Trustor, not adjudged
incompetent but who, by reason of illness or mental or physical disability, is, in
the opinion of Trustee, unable to properly administer such amounts, Trustee may
retain all or part of such income or principal and distribute all or part of the
income or principal for the suitable support, care, and maintenance of the person:
(1) directly to the person; (2) to the legally appointed guardian of the person; (3)
to a custodian under any Uniform Transfers ( or Gifts) to Minors Act where
permitted by law; (4) to some person or persons having the care of the person for
his or her suitable support, maintenance, welfare, and education; or (5) by direct
application of such amounts for the suitable support, maintenance, welfare, and
education of the person, as Trustee deems advisable.
E. Reduction or Release of Power . Trustor gives to Trustee the power to
release or renounce any power, privilege, or right (including this power) or the
power to reduce the scope and extent of any power, privilege, or right (including
this power). If there is more than one Trustee of this Trust, this power may be
exercised by any one Trustee individually or by all of Trustees collectively.
F. Tax Elections . Trustee shall have the power to select a tax year and
make, or refrain from making, all other decisions and elections permitted under
any applicable income, estate, or inheritance tax law, including the imposition of
a lien on Trust assets to secure tax payments, without regard to the effect, if any,
on any beneficiary of this Trust and, if any such decision or election shall be
made, to apportion or refrain from apportioning among the respective interests of
the beneficiaries of this Trust, all in a manner as Trustee shall deem appropriate.
If Trustee is responsible for preparing and filing a federal estate tax return in
Trustor's Estate and determines there is uncertainty as to the inclusion of a
particular item of property in Trustor's gross estate for federal estate tax
purposes, then the property may, in the discretion of Trustee, be excluded from
Trustor's gross estate in Trustor's federal estate tax return. Similarly, if Trustee is
responsible for preparing and filing a federal estate tax return in Trustor's Estate,
then the decision of Trustee as to the valuation date for federal estate tax
purposes shall be conclusive on all concerned.
G. Business Interests . Trustor leaves to the discretion of Trustee the
retention, continuance, sale, liquidation, or other disposition of any business or
business interest, partnership, corporate, or otherwise, which may become an
asset of this Trust. Trustee may take all steps Trustee deems necessary or
advisable in connection with any business or business interest and shall be
exempt from any liability for any loss for its acts or decision in good faith. Trustee
or any affiliate is authorized to lend money to or borrow money for the business
or business interests or to or for any corporation representing the same and to
vote the shares of stock in any such corporation as Trustee may in good faith
determine to be reasonable.
H. Qualified Benefits . Trustee shall have the discretion to elect the time and
manner of payment of all benefits payable to Trustee after Trustor's death from a
qualified retirement plan or any other source described in Section 2039 of the
United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any
corresponding section of any future United States law.
I. Purchase of Treasury Bonds . During Trustor's lifetime Trustee is
authorized to purchase and retain as an asset of this Trust, or to receive from
Trustor or any other person(s), United States Treasury Bonds which may be
redeemed at par for the payment of federal estate tax which is expected to be
imposed on Trustor's Estate. Trustee is authorized to borrow funds for the
purpose of purchasing such bonds, and is authorized to secure any such
borrowing by a pledge of the bonds so purchased, or pledge of any other Trust
assets, or by any other security arrangement which Trustee determines to be
feasible. The discretion granted in this paragraph shall be freely exercised at any
time or from time to time, when information is received making it appear that
such a tax will likely be imposed, that the bonds are available to be acquired, and
the circumstances are such that the acquisition of the bonds and the proximity of
their use would make their acquisition a reasonable investment under the
circumstances prevailing at the time of their acquisition.
10. Creditors’ Clause
With respect to all payments and distributions to be made pursuant to the Trust
established in this Agreement, no beneficiary shall have any right to or interest in the
income or principal of the Trust until the same has been paid to him or her. Both
principal and income of the Trusts shall be free from interference and control of the
creditors of any beneficiary and neither the principal nor income of the Trusts shall be
subject to assignment or other anticipation by any beneficiary unless Trustee, in
Trustee's sole and uncontrolled discretion, determines that such an assignment or
anticipation is clearly and unequivocally in the best interest of the beneficiary. Both
principal and income of this Trust shall be free from seizure under any legal, equitable,
or other process whatsoever. If Trustee believes the foregoing may be violated or if
Trustee believes the protection of any beneficiary requires it, Trustee may withhold any
part or all of the income and principal payments to which a beneficiary may be entitled
and use and pay directly any portion as Trustee deems advisable.
11. Construction and Interpretation
A. Choice of Law . This Agreement, all Trusts established under this
Agreement, and all other matters shall be construed and regulated by laws of
______________ ( name of state) .
B. Captions and Clauses . The captions in this Agreement are for
convenience only and shall not be considered a part of this Agreement or in any
way limiting or amplifying the terms and provisions of this Agreement. In
designating clauses in this Agreement, the letters i, l and o are skipped to avoid
confusion with the typewritten numerals.
C. Severability . If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or
unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall have full force and effect.
D. Notices . All notices required or permitted under this Agreement shall be in
writing and sent by ordinary mail to the recipient at such address as may be
specified from time to time. If any person receiving notice shall be a minor or
under any other legal disability, a living parent, guardian, or other person having
physical custody of the person may act for that person in receiving notice.
Nothing contained in this paragraph shall be deemed to give the person acting in
conjunction with Trustee the power or right to enlarge, shift, or restrict the
beneficial interest of any beneficiary of any such Trust.
E. Exercise of Rights . All rights (such as revocation, amendment,
withdrawal, release, appointment of Trustee, disclaimer, renunciation, removal of
Trustee, lifetime powers of appointment, instructions, and approval) exercisable
by Trustor or any beneficiary shall be exercised by delivery to Trustee (or if there
is a corporate Trustee and other Trustees, to the corporate Trustee) of a writing,
signed by the person (including Trustor) exercising such right. All notices,
certificates, and other communications permitted or required under this
Agreement shall be in writing.
F. Effective Date . If there is more than one Trustee initially appointed to
serve under this Agreement, this Trust shall be effective as of the execution of
this Agreement by Trustor, and by any one of Trustees, and the delivery of the
initial Trust corpus to establish this Trust to the executing Trustee. If any of the
other Trustees fails to execute this Agreement within a reasonable time or dies or
becomes incompetent or incapable of executing this Agreement, then the failure
to exercise shall be deemed a resignation and the Successor Trustee provisions
of Section 7 , Paragraph A, shall become operative.
G. Gender and Number . If more than one qualifies in any capacity under this
Agreement, or is of the feminine sex or a corporation, or partnership, the
pronouns and relative words in this Trust Agreement used shall be read as if
written in plural number, or feminine or neuter gender, respectively.
The parties have executed this Agreement on the day and year first above
written.
______________________________
(Name of Trustee)
By: _____________________________________
____________________________
(Printed Name and Office in Corporation)
___________________________
(Signature of Officer)
_____________________________________
(Printed Name of Trustor)
______________________________
(Signature of Trustor)
(Acknowledgments before Notary Public)
( Attach Schedule)