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Construction bill format pdf for Quality Assurance

the ideas expressed in the following presentations are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of ACI or its committees ACI web sessions are recorded at ACI conventions or other concrete industry events and will be made available for viewing free of charge for one week thereafter they will be archived on the ACI website or added to aci's online ceu program depending on their content I'm going to talk about chapter nine which is construction chapter 10 which is quality assurance this code assigns certain responsibilities to the licens designed professional I'm going to focus on those responsibilities starting with stability on temporary Shoring requirements typically the design of Shoring and bracing is a responsibility of the contractor I'm going refer to document a201 which is the general conditions used on probably most architectural jobs in the United States and it states that the contractor shall be solely responsible for and have control over construction means methods and techniques section 9.1 1.1 at the code states that the contract document shall Define the temporary Shoring and bracing requirements for All Phases of the repair project it goes further to say in the commentary that the load spacing and placement requirements for temporary Shoring and bracing at All Phases of a repair should be conveyed to the contractor this is language we put in our on our on our in our general notes you may use similar language in your jobs uh the contractor is solely responsible for all methods and means of construction and job site safety the contractor is responsible for the design installation and performance of all Shoring and bracing but this is uh this is unique the repair work we have a note that says provide and all Shoring and bracing prior to the removal of concrete and that's in case something dislodges or there changes in as as you take these buildings apart there's changes in uh moment distribution and so forth so it's really important to pay attention to that temporary Shoring and bration shall be designed by a licensed designed professional typically the contractor hires their own ldp for this task but sometimes the license designed professional for the project May perform this task adequate Shoring and bracing of a active members shall be provided during evaluation and repair construction typically when you start you may not have any Shoring but there are times when it's necessary this is a project that we had as a second level of parking structure we went in there we got very concerned when we saw the radio circumferential cracking and along with other tests we determined that we have a real issue here so we had that shored next day by the contractor helping us with this work and it's a good thing this building was this garage was built in the 60s and it had trust bars and for we found when we were repairing it that the trust bars fell over and essentially in some spots there was no top reinforcing temporary Shoring shall be designed to accommodate in place conditions in the structure and expected superint uh superimposed loads it is the responsibility of the ldp for the repair to assess the impact of the Shoring on the existing structure here's a case in point where a complete balcony replacement on this condominium building it was up to was actually our project we had to check how many levels of balconies of that Shing have to extend down to till we picked up the construction loads C requires that global stability shall be maintained prior to and during all stages of the repair project Global uh stability is defined as the the stability of the overall structureal with respect to uplift sway instability or sliding failure very were very concerned about the effect and modification repairs to the lateral bracing system uh especially for columns if you remove a slab framing into that column that column may be a two-story column and commentary indicates that a lateral force of 2% of the axial load is commonly used for the uh bracing Force here's uh global stability this Shoring was designed by the contractor's licensed uh engineer ldp uh the reason that's necessary is that this a complete second level of this garage was removed so these are freestanding walls for two stories there's the interior that same garage we were concerned about buckling of that column so the contractor's engineer designed a Shoring system or bracing system the design of Shoring and bracing during the repair shall account for a removal of existing adjacent Framing and consider changes in L paths this a continuous beam actually this is for slabs the intent here if this member was removed then you're going to get increase in positive and negative moments we have a note on our drawings typically that if there's going to be removal of uh framing but that the adjacent Bays be short and the reason that we the reason we do that is to minimize the impact of uh increased positive negative moments and otherwise locking in these forces in the adjacent members so we want to deal with that uh this is a complete banded overlay on this garage so everything is short obviously the strength is uh reduced while that work is being done where existing structural members support the structure and those generated during the evaluation and the repair the Des design strain for those members need to be evaluated here's a case in point this is for a parking garage they had to bring the concrete in back it over this uh driveway which is a supported slab and framing so we found that the when we checked this the beams and columns and gers beneath this were fine however the slab wasn't there was some punching sh problems so the solution was by the contractor was to steel plates load factors load and load factors during the evaluation and repair construction presses shall be in ance with Section 5.1.4 that was discussed earlier essentially uh if the building is occupied it's asce se7 the building is unoccupied it's asce uh SEI 37 needs to be used for the loads and load factors the contract documents prepare by the ldp shall instruct the contractor or other designated party to be responsible for all specified environmental remediation measures and the contractors have to instruct or shall instruct to contract report any new conditions encountered including environmentally hazardous conditions referring back to this aiaa 2011 that states that the contractor is responsible for compliance with any requirements included in the contract documents regarding hazardous material but they also State this that uh if the contractor encounters a hazardous material or substance not addressed in the contract documents the contractor will stop work immediately and report that uh this condition to the owner and the architect in writing here's a case study illustrating uh contract documents defining temporary Shoring of racing conditions this is a university building in Chicago the objective here was to was to uh add a Auditorium and above that Auditorium a ballroom and uh to accomplish this we had to remove three columns and uh so we frame to the columns to a new trust it doesn't show here but we have trust framing free Bays let me go back again we have the section here across that in front of that Framing and we give the loads to the contractor and we also have a note here that says the contractor to design temporary Shoring system to re relieve Force column prior to demolition it's very important and we also gave sequence demolation sequence notes however the contractor decided not to hire his own engineer he hired us instead to do this work uh so after we got permission from the uh University and we got a proper releases in place so we limit our methods of mean just to this work we we did it we prepared a set of drawings to to take care of that phase uh now our contract our client is the contractor we had some pretty extensive construction sequencing there's the truss I was talking about and those are the three columns to be removed and the way we accomplished that was of concrete jackets and we jacked this structure up above the uh where the columns were cut and we transferred the load entirely to the to this trust uh measuring the flections I was done pretty carefully um constant moning monitoring so anyway that worked out good and uh I think this is a case where it probably makes more sense for the engineer record to do this than another engineer because we know more about this project the second part of my presentation is going to be about inspection section 10.1.1 states that the uh concrete repair and rehabil Rehabilitation construction shall be inspected as required by the general existing building code or is required by the local jurisdiction where I do most of my practice in Chicago the code says nothing about it so the code S S Suggest in the commentary that in the absence of such inspection requirements the licensed design professional should recommend to the owner that the concrete repair and rehab rehabilitation should be inspected during various phases of the work and there's many reasons why it should be done these are some of them it is actually it is the owner's best deance that the work will be done in ance with the contract document gives us the gives the ldp the chance to verify the quality of the work we can better control the quantities of work required and we could document the quantities the truth is that in no matter how careful we are existing conditions vary throughout the project require modifications to details uh we consider our details to be generic at each each spot they're used they has to be specific we can assist the contractor to solve problems F during the course of the work most of these are not cost items that's just one way of doing it or another and we can verify that the required quality control procedures of tests are being performed uh the licensed design professional shall include in a contract documents testing and inspection requirements applicable to the project these requirements are usually included in the project specifications uh the commentary lists several of the types of test or inspection that should should be should be uh could be done and inspection should be performed either by the license design professional or repair inspectors uh eventually after the IC develops their certification Pro uh methods this statement will go into code the findings during the inspection should be documented and Reporting as required by the contract documents and if the inspection show readily correctable issues the issues and the issues are corrected that should be noted and and documented non-conforming or deficient components and processes should be brought to the attention of the ldp for review and the uh actions to correct the deficiencies so typically and I'm sure you guys do the same thing we have a inspection uh report field reports each time we go to the field with our observations recommendations and we like to keep running quantities on this these inspection reports to let the client know where the pro job is nonconforming repair construction may include existing construction that differs from the repair documents existing construction deterioration distress or levels of distress Beyond those anticipated in the design of repairs uh these usually result in extras so we always tell our clients include a contingency sometimes we ask for as much as 20% it depends on how confident we are what what's there and there deficiencies in the construction process and procedures that's usually the contract send as his buck to fix it the uh licensed designed professional shall require that existing conditions and reinforcement shall not be concealed prior to inspection unless the ldp feels that he doesn't have to that they don't have to inspect everything that may be in a facad where you have hundreds of repairs so you may just do representative types of items for concealment include existing reinforcement embedded items such as anodes new reinforcement anchors uh we wanted just an example we wanted to look at these anodes before the uh formwork went on we're very concerned about continuity and that there no right place and that they didn't wire the onto the uh codings repair material test and test recones shall be specified by the licens designed profession professional in the contract documents and it shall be reported as required by the contract documents in the general existing building code uh the licensed design professional usually must rely on the manufacturer's data for proprietary materials sometimes if there's a doubt that the manufacturers uh installed material does not conform to their published values they will come out and test they or it could be an independent testing agency but uh we we have done this testing of conventional in place concrete should comply with the testing and frequency for new construction and construction observation shall be performed as required by the contract documents this is a I think a really good case study to show you this is the insallation of a lightweight concrete bonded over in a parking garage at the lower levels of a 50-story building in Downtown Chicago the lower nine levels here are parking the garage is repaired many times uh a lot of delamination uh we really concerned it's 350 ft long building no no Expansion Joints and the garages need heated and it's lightweight concrete so so prior to the start of the production work a macup was installed which was extensively tested the testing would include tensil Bond test of the overlay concrete to the substrate and because this is lightweight concrete we had to make sure that we matched the aggregate as closely as possible to the original aggregate so that it would behave the same I did some quite a bit of talking with the people here at ACI W Mage and we found the way of doing this very important so here's the contractor decided that the best place to do the uh mockup was at the highest level so they can get some sense of how long it would take the buggy to concrete up uh this construction or this macup was done with Jack with uh jackhammers very conventionally prepared they were actually going to use hydrone demolition for the production work but there was not practical for the mockup this is a after the mockup was cleaned we bugged the concrete up put it in this is the testing of the concrete pretty much the same as for new construction although it's lightweight concrete then we did a pull out test and we got these values and we weren't too worried about it we thought this was okay but extensive testing of the repair construction work was performed throughout the duration of the project we did pull off testing and uh as recommended by I uh we want to confirm the adequacy of the bond overlay to the substrate so here's a hydro demolition being done coner being placed there's the completed work and here's our pull out test below and behold we got some we got some really good values and some pretty crummy values this 32 really bothered us so we did a petrographic on it and so we found the reason was that the contractor didn't do a very good job of cleaning the surface of the concrete and left the residue this is very weak uh surface at the bond line so the actions taken to improve the bond strength the contractor had to improve their methods to clean the surface of the subs and remove all residue and our inspectors had to step up their act to so the results are better not perfect but they're better we got some really good results uh we took a photograph of the bond line and we see this is excellent this is this is probably more important than the actual pull out test but you can see there at the really nice band so conclusions the construction phase of the work must be done with high quality workmanship and materials that satisfy the intent of the construction documents this code assigns certain responsibilities to ldp during construction regarding quality assurance that they must understand and follow thank you thank you [Applause]