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Agreement as to Tenancy in Common Ownership of Premises

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Agreement as to Tenancy-in-Common Ownership of Premises with neither Owner to Sell or Rent Premises without Other's Consent

Agreement made on the (date), between

of

, referred to herein as Owner One, and

, of

, referred to herein as Owner Two, Owner One and Owner Two being jointly referred to herein as Owners.

Whereas, each Owner has contributed to a common fund and have acquired the fee title to the premises located at

, hereinafter called the Premises, said Premises being more fully described in Exhibit A, which is attached to and made a part of this Agreement; and

Whereas, each Owner has an equal and undivided one-half interest in the Premises;

Now, therefore, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants contained in this agreement, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:

1. Ownership

Each party to this Agreement shall own an undivided 50% interest in the Premises, and shall share equally in mortgage payments, household insurance, taxes, utilities, maintenance, or improvements (except telephone) related to, or to become a part of, the Premises.

2. Improvements, Sale or Mortgage of Premises

The written consent of both Owners shall be required in order to improve, sell, or mortgage the Premises and any such improvement, sale, or mortgage shall be of the entire Premises, except as provided in Section Six.

3. Sharing of Expenses

Each Owner shall advance, or cause to be advanced in a timely fashion, their one-half share of the money required to pay for the maintenance and operation of the Premises, (including interest and principal on the mortgage liens), and for the cost of any improvements. All accounts for repairs and improvements (plumbing, paint, etc.) shall be put in the names of both Owners, and a single account book showing these expenses will be kept. If, after agreement of the Owners that an improvement benefits only one Owner, or benefits one Owner more than the other, the costs shall be paid in proportion to the amount of benefit to each Owner. The Owner contributing more than 50% of the costs of the improvement shall be entitled to a credit for the amount that this contribution exceeds 50% of the total cost, at the time the property is sold or otherwise disposed of.

4. Default in the Sharing of Expenses

If either Owner fails to contribute his or her one-half share of the common expenses (including mortgage, principal, interest, and taxes), the other Owner shall have the right, after giving the defaulting Owner days notice in writing, to exercise either the following Options:

A. Option One: Buy the defaulting Owner's interest in the Premises for an amount not to exceed 50% of the defaulting Owner's equity, or $ whichever is less, in the property, or to sell the property with the defaulting Owner receiving not more than 50% of his or her equity, or $ whichever is less. In either case, defaulting Owner will deliver a deed at the request of the non-defaulting Owner. In the case of a sale of the Premises under this provision, defaulting Owner's equity shall be calculated by subtracting from the defaulting parties equity, any costs of the sale, including broker's commission, if any, legal fees, and missed contributions of the defaulting Owner.

B. Option Two: Subtract the amount of defaulting Owner's unpaid share from his equity, accruing interest at the rate of % from the date the debt is incurred. If the defaulting Owner's equity in the Premises is reduced to zero by failure to pay his share, the defaulting Owner shall deliver a deed to the non-defaulting Owner for his or her respective interest.

5. Renting

Neither Owner shall rent to a third party their portion of the property without the written consent of the other Owner. Should either Owner move, and choose to keep their portion as income property, he shall act as landlord, collecting rent, maintaining the property, and fulfilling landlord responsibilities, along with maintaining all other responsibilities under this Agreement.

6. Sale of the Premises

If, and when, either Owner wishes to sell their respective share of the property, he shall give no less than month's written notice to the other Owner. The non-selling Owner shall have the option to purchase the other Owner's equity. The fair market value of the Premises is to be determined by no less than two appraisals, using MAI Designated Independent Fee Appraisers. The selling Owner shall have his name removed from the mortgage, deed, all common bills (utilities, etc.), and any other related documents. The consent of the non-selling Owner to the sale must be secured to make any contract to sell effective. This consent cannot be unreasonably withheld. If the non-selling Owner fails or refuses to consent to two proposed purchases, the selling Owner is not required to secure non-selling Owner's consent to the third proposed buyer, and may sell his or her respective share, as long as all other terms of this Agreement are met.

7. Death or Incompetence

If either Owner should die or become mentally incompetent while in co-ownership of the Premises, the estate of the deceased or mental incompetent will give the other Owner a one-year option, from the date of death or mental incompetence, to buy the deceased or mental incompetent Owner's interest in the premises. Owner One shall execute and deliver a durable power of attorney to . Owner Two shall execute and deliver a durable power of attorney to . The powers of attorneys are to be exercised only for the purpose of conveying the incompetent Owner's respective share if this option is exercised. The attorney-in-fact shall be bound by the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Should it be determined that a court order is required to consummate a conveyance in the case of mental incompetence, the costs of securing this order shall be shared by both Owners, or their estates.

8. Long-Term Disability

In the event of long-term disability of either Owner, the provisions of Section Four shall apply. The non-disabled Owner shall be obligated to present bills for the disabled Owner's share of expenses to the disabled Owner, or his representative.

9. Life Insurance

Each Owner shall carry a $ term life insurance policy naming the other Owner as beneficiary.

10. Rights of Transferee

Should the interest of either Owner be acquired by any individual, the shall be subject to all terms of this Agreement, with the same force and effect as if the transferee owned such interest at the time this Agreement was executed, and as if the transferee was a party to and signed this Agreement at that time.

11. Termination of Agreement

This Agreement shall terminate on the sale of the Premises, and the distribution of the net proceeds of such sale to the Owners, and according to this Agreement, or at such other times or dates, as may be agreed on, in writing, by the parties.

12. Severability

The invalidity of any portion of this Agreement will not and shall not be deemed to affect the validity of any other provision. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, the parties agree that the remaining provisions shall be deemed to be in full force and effect as if they had been executed by both parties subsequent to the expungement of the invalid provision.

13. No Waiver

The failure of either party to this Agreement to insist upon the performance of any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, or the waiver of any breach of any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, shall not be construed as subsequently waiving any such terms and conditions, but the same shall continue and remain in full force and effect as if no such forbearance or waiver had occurred.

14. Governing Law

This Agreement shall be governed by, construed, and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of .

15. Notices

Any notice provided for or concerning this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed sufficiently given when sent by certified or registered mail if sent to the respective address of each party as set forth at the beginning of this Agreement.

16. Attorney's Fees

In the event that any lawsuit is filed in relation to this Agreement, the unsuccessful party in the action shall pay to the successful party, in addition to all the sums that either party may be called on to pay, a reasonable sum for the successful party's attorney fees.

17. Mandatory Arbitration

Any dispute under this Agreement shall be required to be resolved by binding arbitration of the parties hereto. If the parties cannot agree on an arbitrator, each party shall select one arbitrator and both arbitrators shall then select a third. The third arbitrator so selected shall arbitrate said dispute. The arbitration shall be governed by the rules of the American Arbitration Association then in force and effect.

18. Entire Agreement

This Agreement shall constitute the entire agreement between the parties and any prior understanding or representation of any kind preceding the date of this Agreement shall not be binding upon either party except to the extent incorporated in this Agreement.

19. Modification of Agreement

Any modification of this Agreement or additional obligation assumed by either party in connection with this Agreement shall be binding only if placed in writing and signed by each party or an authorized representative of each party.

20. Assignment of Rights

The rights of each party under this Agreement are personal to that party and may not be assigned or transferred to any other person, firm, corporation, or other entity without the prior, express, and written consent of the other party.

21. In this Agreement, any reference to a party includes that party's heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, singular includes plural and masculine includes feminine.

WITNESS our signatures as of the day and date first above stated.

(Signature of Owner One)

(Signature of Owner Two)

(Acknowledgment form may vary by state)

State

County of

Personally appeared before me, the undersigned authority in and for the said county and state, on this day of 20 within my jurisdiction, the within named, , who acknowledged that he executed the above and foregoing instrument.

My Commission expires:

NOTARY PUBLIC

State

County of

Personally appeared before me, the undersigned authority in and for the said county and state, on this day of 20 within my jurisdiction, the within named, , who acknowledged that he executed the above and foregoing instrument.

My Commission expires:

NOTARY PUBLIC

Enter text

What this Agreement Is and when it applies

An Agreement as to Tenancy in Common Ownership of Premises documents how two or more parties share ownership of real property as tenants in common. It records each owner’s name, ownership percentage, rights to possession, and duties for expenses, maintenance, and improvements. The agreement clarifies transfer restrictions, allocation of income and expenses, and procedures for selling or partitioning the property, and it typically accompanies or precedes recording a deed with the county recorder to protect title and notice interests.

Why a written tenancy-in-common agreement matters

A written agreement reduces disputes, establishes ownership shares and responsibilities, and creates a clear record for title and tax purposes. It is enforceable under U.S. law when signed by the parties and can be integrated with recorded deeds or transfer instruments to provide public notice.

Why a written tenancy-in-common agreement matters

Who commonly uses this Agreement

Typical users include individual co-owners, investor groups, family members, and small partnerships who hold property as tenants in common and want a clear allocation of rights and duties.

  • Individual investors pooling funds for rental or vacation properties, defining shares and cash flow distribution.
  • Families or heirs holding inherited property who want a governance framework for use and sale.
  • Professional co-ownership arrangements (e.g., multiple investors) that require exit terms and buyout formulas.

The agreement benefits anyone sharing title who needs documented decision-making rules, expense allocation, and a path for transfer or dispute resolution.

Core sections to include in a robust agreement

A professional tenancy-in-common agreement should be clear, comprehensive, and tailored to the parties’ needs. The following sections are common and recommended to reduce ambiguity and enable enforceability.

Parties & Shares

Identify each co-owner using full legal names, mailing addresses, and the precise percentage or fractional interest each holds in the premises to avoid title and tax mismatches.

Property Description

Insert the legal description as it appears on the deed, parcel or lot number, and physical address so the agreement aligns exactly with recorded instruments.

Use and Possession

Define how co-owners may use the property, occupancy rules, priority access if applicable, and whether one owner can exclude another under specified conditions.

Allocation of Expenses

Specify how taxes, insurance, utilities, maintenance, and capital improvements are shared, including timing and accepted payment methods or reserve contributions.

Transfers and Right of First Refusal

Include restrictions on transfers, required consents, buyout formulas, or a right-of-first-refusal procedure to control new owners.

Dispute Resolution

Provide negotiation, mediation, or arbitration steps, venue or governing law, and a process for partition sales if co-owners cannot agree.

Essential information to collect on the form

Owner Names: Full legal names
Ownership Percentage: Exact fraction or %
Property Legal Description: Deed description
Mailing Addresses: Street, city, state, ZIP
Effective Date: MM/DD/YYYY format
Signatures: Executed and dated

Step-by-step: completing the Agreement

Follow a consistent sequence to ensure accuracy and legal effectiveness when preparing and executing a tenancy-in-common agreement.

  • 01
    Assemble IDs: Collect government IDs for name verification
  • 02
    Describe Property: Copy deed legal description exactly
  • 03
    Define Shares: Enter ownership percentages clearly
  • 04
    Sign and Notarize: Sign, date, and obtain required notary/witness

Setting up an online completion and signing workflow

When moving the agreement online, configure fields, signer order, and authentication before sending.

Field Configuration
Document Template Upload PDF/DOCX with locked text and fillable fields
Signers & Order Define signer emails and sequential or parallel routing
Authentication Choose email link, SMS code, or KBA as required
Recording Options Download final PDF for county recorder upload

Where to send and how the signed agreement is processed

Understand the flow from execution to public record and how copies should be distributed among stakeholders.

  • Prepare Document: Finalize agreement and export signed PDF
  • Notarize if Required: Obtain notary acknowledgment or RON session
  • Record with County: Submit original or certified copy to recorder
  • Distribute Copies: Give all co-owners and title insurer a copy

Technical and format considerations for e-signature and storage

Use PDF or DOCX formats that preserve the legal description and signature blocks; ensure your e-signature provider supports audit trails and certificate generation.

  • Supported Formats: PDF, DOCX
  • Integrations: Salesforce | NetSuite | Google Workspace
  • Authentication: Email link, SMS code, KBA

Ensure the platform you choose can produce an audit trail, export a signed PDF for county recording, and meet any industry compliance needs such as HIPAA or 21 CFR Part 11 when applicable.

Key timing and filing expectations

Timelines vary by jurisdiction; plan signing, notarization, and recording to ensure priority of interests and timely tax reporting.

Execution Date:

Date parties sign the agreement

Notarization Timing:

Complete notary act at signing or within jurisdictional window

Recording Deadline:

Record promptly to protect priority; county timing varies

Tax Reporting:

Report rental income per tax year deadlines

Document Retention:

Keep originals as long as title or obligations remain active

Common preparation errors to avoid

  • Failing to use the exact legal description from the recorded deed can cause the recorder to reject the document or create title discrepancies.
  • Omitting ownership percentages or using inconsistent math creates ambiguity that may lead to partition actions or litigation.
  • Neglecting to notarize when a jurisdiction requires an acknowledgment can prevent recording and leave interests unprotected.
  • Using initials or informal names instead of full legal names may complicate title insurance and future transfers.

Potential legal and financial risks

Partition Actions: Court-ordered sale risk
Title Defect: Insurance denial possible
Tax Exposure: Incorrect reporting risk
Recording Rejection: Invalid without notary
Creditor Claims: Co-owner liens attach
Dispute Costs: Litigation or arbitration expenses

Realistic scenarios where a tenancy-in-common agreement helps

Two brief scenarios show common use cases and the practical benefits of documenting co-ownership terms.

Family Vacation Home

A family of four shares a vacation property with unequal contributions and schedules

  • The agreement sets usage priorities and expense splits
  • The document prevented disputes over booking priorities, established a clear maintenance fund, and provided a buyout formula when one owner needed liquidity.

Investor Partnership

Three investors co-own a rental property and want predictable cash distributions

  • Agreement defines ownership percentages and repair reserves
  • By documenting capital calls, management responsibilities, and an exit mechanism, the partners reduced friction and simplified tax reporting.

eSignature vendor comparison for executing and managing this agreement

Comparison of common eSignature providers for preparing, signing, and distributing tenancy-in-common agreements; signNow is listed first per vendor ordering guidelines.

signNow DocuSign Adobe Sign PandaDoc HelloSign
Starting Price $8/user/mo $15/user/mo $14/user/mo $19/user/mo $15/user/mo
Free Trial Yes, 7-day trial Varies Varies Varies Varies
Bulk Send Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Audit Trail Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
HIPAA Compliant Yes Yes Yes No No

Frequently asked questions about execution, recording, and e-signature

Answers to common questions about whether the agreement can be e-signed, notarized remotely, or recorded and what to watch for during execution.


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