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Buy Sell Agreement

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Buy-Sell Agreement between Two Shareholders of Closely Held Corporation

Agreement made this (date), between

, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of (name of state), with its principal office located at , referred to herein as Corporation, , of , referred to herein as First Shareholder; and , of , referred to herein as Second Shareholder.

Whereas, Corporation is authorized to issue shares of common stock, with a $ par value per share. (Number) of shares of common stock are issued, outstanding, and are owned by Shareholder as follows:

Whereas, the parties deem it in their best interest, and in the best interest of the Corporation, to provide some restrictions on the transfer, purchase, and ownership of the stock of the Corporation;

Now, therefore, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants contained in this agreement, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:

1. Definitions: The following definitions apply to this Agreement:

A. Closing means the date of purchase and sale of stock pursuant to this Agreement.

B. Sale Date means the date triggering a purchase and sale under this Agreement.

2. Issuance and Transfer of Stock

All stock owned currently or acquired after execution of this Agreement shall be issued, held, and transferred pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. Shareholders agree not to dispose of or transfer any stock owned now or in the future except as provided in this Agreement. Any disposal or transfer of stock in violation of this Agreement is ineffective.

3. Stock Certificate Legend

Stock certificates for stock issued by Corporation to a shareholder must contain the following legend:

The shares of stock represented by this certificate are held pursuant to the provisions of a Shareholders’ Agreement executed on (date). All transfers of stock are subject to the terms of such Shareholders’ Agreement. A copy of the Shareholders’ Agreement is on file in the office of the Secretary of the Corporation.

4. Transfer of Stock during Life of Shareholder

A. A Shareholder shall give written notice to Corporation and to remaining Shareholder within days of receiving a third party's bona fide written offer, which the Shareholder plans to accept, to purchase any portion of the Shareholder's stock.

B. Remaining Shareholder have the right to purchase the stock for which the offer was made in proportion to the number of shares then owned by remaining Shareholder. Remaining Shareholder may avail himself of this right by giving written notice to the selling Shareholder of his election to buy within days of receiving notice of intent to sell. If Remaining Shareholder fails to purchase such Selling Shareholder's shares of offered stock, Corporation shall have the right to purchase the offered stock. Remaining Shareholder and Corporation may take any action required to enable Corporation to purchase Selling Shareholder's stock under the terms of this Agreement, including creation of a surplus.

1. Either the Remaining Shareholder or Corporation may avail themselves of the right to purchase offered stock by giving notice of that election to the Selling Shareholder within days of receipt of the notice given pursuant to Paragraph A of this Section 4.

2. Purchases and sales pursuant to this Paragraph B shall be at the prices and terms set forth in the original offer. In a sale of stock by a Shareholder to Corporation, the sale price shall increase or decrease by an amount equal to any indebtedness owed Selling Shareholder by Corporation, or any indebtedness owed to Corporation by Selling Shareholder.

3. The Selling Shareholder may not participate in determining whether Corporation will purchase any portion of the offered stock.

4. If all offered stock is not purchased by Remaining Shareholder or Corporation pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, the offered stock may then be sold by the Selling Shareholder to the third party at the price and terms in that party's offer.

5. A Selling Shareholder may not sell stock at a price or term that differs from the original offer without first reoffering the offered stock to Remaining Shareholder and Corporation pursuant to the procedures set forth in this Section.

6. In the event of a sale of stock from a Shareholder to another Shareholder or to Corporation, Closing shall occur at a time mutually agreed on by the parties to the sale. However, Closing may not occur later than days from the sale date. On the sale date, the Selling Shareholder shall deliver the stock to the agreed upon escrow agent representing Corporation. The agent shall hold the stock until full payment is made, and shall then deliver the stock to the purchaser.

C. If offered stock is not purchased by the third party pursuant to this Section within days from the date of Selling Shareholder's receipt of the third party's offer, the offer shall be deemed to have expired. If Selling Shareholder's still wishes to accept the third party's offer, the offered stock must be reoffered to remaining Shareholder and Corporation pursuant to the procedures outlined in this Section.

D. Any person acquiring offered stock from a Shareholder shall become bound by the terms of this Agreement immediately after acquiring the interest in stock of Corporation. Transfer of the offered stock on Corporation's books shall not be accomplished until a copy of this Agreement is executed by the acquiring person. However, failure or refusal to sign this Agreement shall not relieve any person acquiring an interest in Corporation's stock from the obligations set forth in this Agreement.

E. On sale of all stock owned by a Shareholder, all interests of such Shareholder with respect to the stock sold shall terminate, and such Shareholder shall resign as an officer or director of Corporation effective no later than the closing date of the sale.

5. Transfers of Stock after Shareholder Death

A. In the event of the death of a Shareholder, all stock of the Deceased Shareholder shall pass to the beneficiary or beneficiaries of the Deceased Shareholder pursuant to the terms of the Last Will and Testament of the Deceased Shareholder with such beneficiary or beneficiaries to acquire all rights that the Deceased Shareholder had as a result of being a holder of such shares.

6. Noncompetition in Case of Sale by Shareholder

Selling Shareholder shall, on Closing Date, execute an agreement as follows:

A. Definitions. As used in this Section, the following terms have the following meanings:

1. Confidential Information means (i) any information with respect to Corporation’s customers, accounts, costs, plans, business policies, programs, formulae, products, know-how, trade secrets, suppliers, pricing policies or rates, marketing techniques, or any other information which may now or in the future be considered by Corporation to be confidential or proprietary, (ii) reports, memoranda, correspondence, and other writings belonging to Corporation, which may have been produced by or come into the possession of Selling Shareholder in the course of his involvement with the Corporation as a shareholder, officer, director, or employee, excluding any of the foregoing which is in the public domain.

2. Territory means the following area: (describe)

B. Selling Shareholder does hereby covenant and agree that for a period years after the Closing Date, Selling Shareholder shall not, directly or indirectly (as agent, consultant or otherwise) compete in any way with the business of Corporation throughout the Territory.

C. Selling Shareholder will not, at any time, disclose any such Confidential Information of Corporation to any person, except as required by law. Selling Shareholder acknowledges that the Confidential Information of the Corporation is material to the value of the Corporation, and is unique, and agrees that disclosure thereof in violation of this Agreement may irreparably damage the value of the Corporation.

D. It is the intent of the parties that the provision of this Section 6 shall be enforced to the fullest extent permissible under the laws and public policies applied in each jurisdiction in which enforcement is sought. Accordingly, to the extent that the non-competition restrictions hereunder shall be adjudicated to be invalid or unenforceable in any such jurisdiction, the court making such determination shall have the power to limit, construe or reduce the duration, scope, activity and/or area of such provision, and/or delete specific words or phrases to the extent necessary to render such provision enforceable to the maximum reasonable extent permitted by applicable law, such limited form to apply only with respect to the operation of this Section in the particular jurisdiction in which such adjudication is made.

E. Selling Shareholder acknowledges that his adherence to the terms of the covenants set forth in Section 6 are necessary to protect the value of the Corporation, that a continuing breach of such covenants will result in irreparable and continuing damage to the value of the Corporation, and that money damages would not adequately compensate Corporation for any such breach and, therefore, Corporation would not have an adequate remedy at law. In the event any action or proceeding shall be instituted by Corporation to enforce any provision of Section 6, Selling Shareholder shall waive the claim or defenses in such action that (i) money damages are adequate to compensate the aggrieved party for such breach, and (ii) there is an adequate remedy at law available to the aggrieved party, and shall not urge in any such action or proceeding the claim or defense that such remedy at law exists. Corporation shall have, in addition to any and all remedies at law, the right, without posting of bond or other security, to an injunction, both temporary and permanent, specific performance and/or other equitable relief to prevent the violation of any obligation under Section 6. Selling Shareholder agrees that the remedies of Corporation for breach of this Section 6 shall be cumulative, and seeking or obtaining injunctive or other equitable relief shall not preclude the making of a claim for damages or other relief. The parties to this Agreement also agree that Corporation shall be entitled to such damages as Corporation can show it has sustained by reason of such breach. In any action brought to enforce the covenants set forth in Section 6, or to recover damages for breach thereof, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover reasonable attorneys' fees and other expenses of litigation, together with such other and further relief as may be proper.

7. Severability

The invalidity of any portion of this Agreement will not and shall not be deemed to affect the validity of any other provision. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, the parties agree that the remaining provisions shall be deemed to be in full force and effect as if they had been executed by both parties subsequent to the expungement of the invalid provision.

8. No Waiver

The failure of either party to this Agreement to insist upon the performance of any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, or the waiver of any breach of any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, shall not be construed as subsequently waiving any such terms and conditions, but the same shall continue and remain in full force and effect as if no such forbearance or waiver had occurred.

9. Governing Law

This Agreement shall be governed by, construed, and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of .

10. Notices

Any notice provided for or concerning this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed sufficiently given when sent by certified or registered mail if sent to the respective address of each party as set forth at the beginning of this Agreement.

11. Attorney’s Fees

In the event that any lawsuit is filed in relation to this Agreement, the unsuccessful party in the action shall pay to the successful party, in addition to all the sums that either party may be called on to pay, a reasonable sum for the successful party's attorney fees.

12. Mandatory Arbitration

Any dispute under this Agreement shall be required to be resolved by binding arbitration of the parties hereto. If the parties cannot agree on an arbitrator, each party shall select one arbitrator and both arbitrators shall then select a third. The third arbitrator so selected shall arbitrate said dispute. The arbitration shall be governed by the rules of the American Arbitration Association then in force and effect.

13. Entire Agreement

This Agreement shall constitute the entire agreement between the parties and any prior understanding or representation of any kind preceding the date of this Agreement shall not be binding upon either party except to the extent incorporated in this Agreement.

14. Modification of Agreement

Any modification of this Agreement or additional obligation assumed by either party in connection with this Agreement shall be binding only if placed in writing and signed by each party or an authorized representative of each party.

15. Assignment of Rights

The rights of each party under this Agreement are personal to that party and may not be assigned or transferred to any other person, firm, corporation, or other entity without the prior, express, and written consent of the other party.

16. In this Agreement, any reference to a party includes that party's heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, singular includes plural and masculine includes feminine.

WITNESS our signatures as of the day and date first above stated.

By:

Enter text✕

What a Buy Sell Agreement Covers

A Buy Sell Agreement is a legally binding contract that sets out how ownership interests in a privately held business are transferred when a triggering event occurs (death, disability, retirement, bankruptcy, or voluntary exit). It defines buyout mechanics, valuation methods, funding arrangements, transfer restrictions, and dispute resolution. Properly drafted, it coordinates corporate governance, tax consequences, and succession planning so the business can continue operating without prolonged ownership disputes. Many agreements use U.S. commercial and tax rules to shape transfer timing, price, and payment terms.

Why a Buy Sell Agreement Matters

A clear Buy Sell Agreement reduces uncertainty, preserves business continuity, and limits litigation risk by specifying triggers, valuation, and funding. It protects remaining owners from unwanted third-party investors and offers an orderly mechanism for ownership transition tied to tax and regulatory considerations.

Why a Buy Sell Agreement Matters

Who Typically Uses a Buy Sell Agreement

Common users include closely held business owners, equity partners, and corporate counsel planning for ownership transitions.

  • Owner-Shareholders who need predictable exit mechanics and valuation protections
  • Family-owned businesses seeking smooth succession and estate-tax planning continuity
  • Buyout investors or partners who require defined purchase terms and funding certainty

The agreement benefits owners, successors, lenders, and advisors by clarifying rights and obligations before a triggering event arises.

Typical Roles and Signers

Owner / Seller

Majority or minority owner who transfers equity under specified trigger events; must confirm identity, sign attestation, and disclose tax basis and outstanding obligations in supporting schedules.

Company / Buyer

Entity or remaining owner(s) with obligation to purchase shares or assets per agreement; often authorizes signing through board resolution and provides funding commitments or escrow instructions.

Core Elements to Include in a Professional Buy Sell Agreement

A comprehensive agreement balances clarity, enforceability, and operational practicality. The following elements define the transaction, valuation, and post-closing obligations that reduce future disputes.

Parties

Full legal names, entity types, state of formation, and addresses of all owners and the company to ensure correct identification and enforceability across jurisdictions.

Trigger Events

Explicitly list events (death, disability, retirement, insolvency, sale, divorce) that permit or require a buyout and specify notice and proof procedures for each event.

Valuation Method

Define appraisal mechanics, formula (multiple of EBITDA, fixed price, book value, or independent appraisal), and timing to avoid later disagreements and tax surprises.

Purchase Terms

Specify payment structure (lump sum, installments, promissory note), interest rate, security, and conditions precedent for closing and transfer of ownership.

Funding Mechanism

Describe funding sources such as life insurance proceeds, company reserves, bank financing, or escrow arrangements and responsibilities for maintaining funding instruments.

Transfer Restrictions

Include right of first refusal, consent requirements, noncompete covenants where lawful, and procedures for transfers to family members or third parties.

Step-by-Step: Completing a Buy Sell Agreement

Follow these sequential steps to draft, approve, and execute a Buy Sell Agreement with clarity and legal compliance.

  • 01
    Draft: Assemble terms, parties, valuation, and triggers in a written draft for review.
  • 02
    Review: Have counsel and tax advisors review for state law and tax implications.
  • 03
    Approve: Obtain required corporate approvals, resolutions, and any necessary third-party consents.
  • 04
    Execute: Sign, notarize or witness if required, and distribute executed copies to all parties and advisors.

Configuring an Online Completion Workflow

Set up standardized templates and signer flows to reduce manual errors and accelerate execution.

Template Create a reusable Buy Sell Agreement template with locked clauses and editable fields.
Conditional Fields Use conditional fields for optional clauses (e.g., life insurance funding) to show only relevant sections.
Authentication Require at minimum email verification; use SMS or KBA for higher assurance where necessary.
Notifications Enable email reminders and completion notifications for signers and corporate record-keepers.
Audit Trail Capture timestamps, IP addresses, and signature events for evidentiary support of execution.

Digital Signing and Integration Considerations

Choose a platform that supports secure eSignatures, audit trails, and the integrations you need for corporate records.

  • File Formats: PDF, DOCX supported
  • Integrations: Salesforce, NetSuite, Google Workspace
  • Authentication: Email, SMS, KBA options

Typical Electronic Execution Flow

The online signing process follows a predictable sequence to ensure authentication, acceptance, and record capture.

  • Upload: Sender uploads the Buy Sell Agreement to the eSignature platform.
  • Place Fields: Assign signature, date, and input fields to each signer.
  • Authenticate: Signer verifies identity via chosen authentication method.
  • Complete: Signer executes; system records audit trail and distributes copies.

Key Deadlines and Timing Elements

Set and track the agreement’s timing terms carefully; notice windows and payment schedules determine rights and remedies.

Effective Date:

When the agreement begins and obligations attach; enter as MM/DD/YYYY.

Notice Period:

Required time to notify parties of trigger events or intent to buy, commonly 30–90 days.

Exercise Window:

Timeframe for exercising purchase rights after notice, often 30–120 days depending on terms.

Payment Schedule:

Dates for lump-sum or installment payments, including interest and security terms.

UCC Filing:

If secured interest exists, file UCC-1 promptly to protect financing rights.

Milestones from Agreement to Ownership Transfer

Typical milestone stages show negotiation through transfer; tracking each stage avoids closing delays and compliance gaps.

01

Negotiation

Parties agree key terms and valuation, then draft the formal agreement.

02

Approval

Corporate organs adopt resolutions authorizing the transaction and signatures.

03

Execution

Signed documents are dated, witnessed or notarized if required, and copies distributed.

04

Funding & Transfer

Payment is made, stock or asset transfer recorded, and any security interests perfected.

How a Buy Sell Agreement Differs from Similar Contracts

Compare key characteristics to choose the right document or to combine provisions where appropriate.

Criteria Buy-Sell Shareholders Agreement
Purpose ownership transfer governance and rights
Typical Trigger death/exit events board or minority protections
Valuation predefined formula often broader procedures
Transfer Limits rofr/rofo common wider governance clauses

Common Preparation Mistakes to Avoid

  • Unclear trigger definitions lead to disputes over whether a buyout right exists or can be exercised
  • Vague valuation language creates litigation risk and inconsistent appraisals after a triggering event
  • No funding plan or contingency increases likelihood of delayed payment and creditor claims against the company
  • Failing to align corporate records and resolutions with the agreement can invalidate signatures or delay transfers

Key Risks and Consequences of an Incorrect Agreement

Enforceability Risk: Ambiguous terms may render provisions unenforceable
Litigation Costs: Disputes over valuation often produce expensive litigation
Tax Exposure: Mischaracterized transfers can trigger IRS adjustments
Creditor Claims: Unfunded buyouts may invite creditor attachment
Corporate Conflict: Failure to update corporate approvals risks internal challenges
Recordation Gaps: Not perfecting security interests can impair priority

Practical Tips for Accurate and Efficient Completion

Adopt consistent drafting and execution practices to minimize errors and speed enforceability.

Use a Standardized Template
Maintain a vetted template with editable fields to avoid drafting drift; have counsel review material changes to preserve consistency and enforceability.
Document Approvals
Attach board resolutions and shareholder consents to the executed agreement to demonstrate corporate authority and avoid later claims of improper execution.
Record Funding Plans
Specify funding sources (insurance, escrow, promissory note) and include evidence of available funds to reduce risk of nonpayment.
Keep an Audit Trail
Retain signed copies, certificates of completion, timestamps, and notarizations to support enforcement and regulatory review.

Real-World Examples of Electronic Execution

These examples show how digital execution supports business continuity and compliance in ownership transitions.

Optica Ventures (COO)

Optica standardized signature workflows for equity transfers to reduce delays.

  • Implementation used reusable templates and audit trails.
  • The streamlined process reduced signer confusion and produced consistent records that facilitated faster closings and clearer post-closing obligations for both departing and continuing owners.

Martin Properties (Founder)

Martin Properties executed multiple ownership transfers online to meet time-sensitive deadlines.

  • Mobile signing enabled remote execution by all parties.
  • The approach preserved compliance and ensured documents were returned quickly with complete audit records, avoiding in-person coordination and reducing closing timeline disruptions.

Frequently Asked Questions About Buy Sell Agreements

Answers to common questions about execution, enforceability, and practical issues when using Buy Sell Agreements.


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