OPERATING AGREEMENT
OF
_____________________________
A ____________ PROFESSIONAL LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
This Limited Liability Company Agreement is made and entered into effective from and
after the ___ day of _______, 20___, by and between _____________________________ , CPA,
and _____________________________ , CPA, the "Founding Members," and
_____________________________ , CPA, _____________________________ , CPA,
_____________________________ , CPA, and _____________________________ , CPA,
"Members," all of whom are sometimes hereinafter collectively referred to as "Members," and this
Agreement supersedes all prior agreements between the parties hereto, and
W I T N E S S E T H:
The undersigned parties to this Agreement shall engage in the practice of public accounting
in the City __________, State of ____________, United States of America, under the name of
_____________________________ , hereinafter referred to as the "Company," and do hereby agree
by and between themselves as follows, to - wit:
COMPANY NAME AND
RATIFICATION OF CERTIFICATE OF FORMATION
The name of the Company, _____________________________ , shall continue until
changed in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.
The Company name shall belong to, and may be used by, the Company and shall not
be sold or disposed of as long as the Company continues in existence. If a Member dies or leaves
the Company for any reason, he shall have no interest in the Company name and shall have no right
to use the Company name or receive any payment therefor.
- 1 -
The surviving Members shall have the right to continue to use the name of any
deceased Member in the Company name, and no retired, resigned, or removed Member shall at any
time subsequent to his retirement, resignation, or removal use the Company name.
The Certificate of Formation which was filed with the Secretary of State of the State
of ____________ on __________________ , and amended ___________________ , copies of which
Certificate and Amendment are attached hereto as Exhibits "A" and "A - 1," is hereby ratified,
confirmed, approved, and adopted.
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Company is to engage in the practice of public accountancy and act as
business consultants, with such usual operations as the purchase, ownership and disposition of
properties, the maintenance of records, and the conduct of such other activities as are incidental to
the business of an accounting firm.
DURATION
The Company shall continue until it is dissolved as provided in this Agreement or by
operation of law. The separation of a Member, whether by reason of death, withdrawal,
termination, disability or retirement shall not terminate or dissolve the Company if the business of
the Company is continued by the consent of all the remaining Members within ninety 90) days
following the occurrence of any such event.
The Company shall continue so long as mutually agreeable to the parties hereto.
The admission of a new Member shall not dissolve or terminate the Company, but shall result in a
continuation of the Company with the new Member included. However, no person may become a
Member of the Company without first assenting to and signing this Agreement or an amendment
thereto.
- 2 -
INTERNAL MATTERS
Each Member agrees to devote his full time to the practice of public accountancy
and acting as a business consultant for and on behalf of the Company.
Before accepting any project, responsible office in a public or private organization,
position as a director, officer or trustee in any public or private organization or other outside
activity which will absorb a substantial amount of time or energy, a Member shall discuss the
potential engagement with the other Members and shall be entitled to proceed to engage in such
outside activity upon approval of the other Members.
Each Member who has been a member of the Company (and/or its predecessor,
________________, a general partnership) for less then seven (7) years is entitled to two (2) weeks'
vacation in any calendar year. Those Members who have been members of the Company and/or its
predecessor for more than seven (7) years are entitled to three (3) weeks' vacation, and those
Members who have been a member of the Company and/or its predecessor more than fifteen (15)
years are entitled to four (4) weeks' vacation, it being agreed that four (4) weeks' vacation is the
maximum that will be allowed to any Member during any calendar year.
At each meeting of Members, every Member shall have the right to vote in
accordance with the percentage held in the Ownership Capital of the Company, as specified in
Section V, Paragraph 9(a), of this Agreement. A quorum for any issue at any meeting shall exist if
Members holding _____________________________ ( _____ %) of the Ownership Capital are
present.
In the event a Member desires an interruption of the performance of his services to
the Company or its clients, for any reason voluntary with him, his request shall be submitted to and
may be approved by the Members, subject to whatever arrangements the Members deem fair to the
Member and to the Company, as to both the period of his absence and his compensation during that
period.
New Members may be admitted to the Company upon unanimous approval of the
Members.
Any one Member, other than the Founding Members, may be expelled, with or
without cause, by unanimous vote of the remaining Members, in which event the expelled
Member's interest shall be purchased from him as specified in the case of withdrawal; however, in
the event of a vote to expel one or more Members the Company may, at its option, elect instead to
cease and dissolve the Company, in which event, its affairs will be wound up by negotiation among
the Members, or by a division of its assets in proportion to each
___________________________ __ .
- 3 -
A merger of the Company with another shall require a unanimous vote of approval
of all of the Members.
_____________________________ , is hereby designated as the Chief Executive
Officer of the Company, and shall continue as such for a five (5) years period and thereafter, until
his successor is designated by a majority vote of the Members at an annual meeting. The Chief
Executive Officer shall be charged with the responsibility for the executive management of the
Company in accordance with the desires of the Members in line with matters of general policy
which are determined by a majority vote of the Members.
- 4 -
The Members shall hold an annual meeting during the month of January in each
year. Special meetings may be called by the Chief Executive Officer. A quorum at any annual
meeting of the Company shall be a majority of the Members. Notice of either the annual or a
special meeting shall be given in writing at least five (5) days before the date of the meeting. One
of the Members shall be designated as Secretary of the Company and shall keep minutes of each
meeting of the Members.
FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING MATTERS
The fiscal year of the Company shall begin January 1 and end the following
December 31 in each year.
Books and records of the operations of the Company shall be maintained at the main
office of the Company located at _______________________ ,
_____________________________ , _____________________________ _________ .
As soon as possible after the close of the fiscal year, financial statements and income
tax returns shall be prepared and a copy thereof forwarded to each Member.
The Chief Executive Officer, and other Members if desired, shall be designated to
sign checks, drafts and other similar instruments on behalf of the Company.
Funds may be borrowed on behalf of the Company and notes or other instruments
may be executed relative thereto only upon the signature of the Chief Executive Officer and one
other Member.
The Members shall determine from time to time what life insurance, if any, shall be
carried on the lives of the Members for the benefit of the Company.
The Members shall determine from time to time what other insurance the Company
shall carry.
________________ requirements:
The " _____________________________ " contribution required of
each Member shall be determined, from time to time, by a vote of the
Members.
The original _____________________________ contribution of the
two Founding Members in the amount of $ __________________
each shall be maintained in an amount as agreed to in writing by the
Members. In addition, _____________________________
contributed $ _______________________ on the same basis. The
original capital contribution shall bear interest at
_____________________________ ______ % per annum until
repayment in full.
_______________________ for the conduct of the Company is to be
furnished by the Members in the amount designated by the Members,
based on the _ ___________________________ percentages.
The _____________________________ of each Member, as of the
effective date of this Agreement, is the amount set out after his name
in Exhibit "B" attached to this Agreement.
Interest shall be paid by the _ ____________________________ for
the use of their ______________________ contributions at the
interest rate agreed on from time to time by the Members.
Ownership of the fixed assets (hereinafter referred to as "Ownership
Capital"), including all furniture, fixtures and equipment are now, and as to fixed assets
subsequently purchased or acquired by the Company and related liabilities, shall be, owned by the
Members in the following percentages:
_____________________________ ..... _____________________________ %
_____________________________ ..... _____________________________ %
_____________________________ ..... _____________________________ %
_____________________________ ..... _____________________________ %
_____________________________ ..... _____________________________ %
_____________________________ ..... _____________________________ %
TOTAL 100%
All other assets, including accounts receivable, work in process and supplies,
are now, and as to such assets subsequently purchased and applied and the related liabilities, shall
be owned by the Members in the percentages set forth in sub-paragraph "a" above. These assets
shall be known as " _____________________________ ."
Charging for professional services:
The Members shall reasonably charge for all professional services
rendered by them, generally following the policies of the Company as
to fees charged.
No salaries, commissions, fees or gratuities of any substantial
significance shall be personally accepted, directly or indirectly, by a
Member from any client or prospective client of the Company,
without the advance express consent of the Chief Executive Officer.
Expenses:
All general expenses, including salaries, rent, supplies and other
items, and all debts, losses and damages which shall be incurred in
carrying on the practice of public accountancy by the Company shall
be borne in the same proportion as the Members own the assets of the
Company and shall be paid out of the gross income prior to the
determination of the net income of the Company; in case of a
deficiency in income to meet the needs of the Company, said
deficiency shall be paid by the Members in the proportion of the
Ownership Capital Accounts of the Members.
Expenses incurred by a Member in direct conduct of the Company's
business shall be reimbursed to him if they are reimbursable under the
established policies of the Company.
Each of the Members shall furnish and maintain a suitable business
automobile.
At the Company's expense, each CPA will maintain membership in
the American Institute of CPAs and the ____________ Society of
CPAs, and any other organization designated by the Chief Executive
Officer.
At the Company's expense, each CPA shall maintain a fully effective
license and privilege to practice public accountancy in the State of
____________ and any other State required by the Chief Executive
Officer.
All funds of the Company are to be deposited in its name in such bank account or
accounts as shall be designated by the Chief Executive Officer. All withdrawals therefrom are to be
made upon checks signed by any Member.
The firm books shall be kept on a cash basis and shall be closed and balanced at
________________________ , the end of the Company's fiscal year; the Members shall, at all
times, have access to the Company's books through the office of the
_____________________________ .
All Members shall, within thirty (30) days after the end of each fiscal year of the
Company, sign an Agreed Valuation which will contain the agreed value of the Company for the
various purposes mentioned herein during the next fiscal year. Such Agreed Valuation, when
signed by all the Members of the Company and filed with this Agreement as Exhibit "C," shall bind
the Members, their heirs, successors, and assigns as to the value of the Company.
DISTRIBUTION OF COMPANY INCOME
The Members shall draw monthly and quarterly
__________________________________________________________ ) salaries as determined
annually by the Members.
The remaining net profits or losses of the Company shall be divided annually on the
basis of each _____________________________ .
PROSCRIBED AND PROHIBITED CONDUCT
Each Member will at all times comply with all the provisions of the Rules of
Conduct of the Code of Professional Ethics as adopted by the American Institute of CPAs and the
____________ Society of CPAs, and by the statutes, rules and regulations of the State Board of
Accountancy covering all professional services that he shall render.
No Member shall use the Company's name, credit or property for other than
Company purposes or knowingly perform any act by which the interests of the Company shall be
imperiled or prejudiced.
No Member shall sign or endorse negotiable papers for third persons or become a
surety, unless approved by the other Members.
Notwithstanding the other provisions of this article:
No Member shall acquire or own, either directly or indirectly, any
investment in any client for which the Company renders any service,
whether or not an opinion is expressed on the financial statements,
unless approved by the other Members.
No Member shall in any way be connected with a client, either as a
promoter, underwriter, trustee, officer, director or employee, except
with the specific approval of the other Members.
A Member shall not sell, assign, convey, or exchange the whole or any portion of
such Member's interest in the Company without the prior written consent of all of the other
Members.
WITHDRAWAL OF MEMBER
A Member may withdraw from the Company on December 31 in any year upon
delivery to the Company of written notice of such withdrawal at least ninety (90) days prior to that
date.
Any Member may voluntarily withdraw from the Company, upon consent of all
Members, at any time on thirty (30) days' written notice to the other Members.
Upon a Member's withdrawal, the Company shall redeem the withdrawing Member's
interest in the Company by paying to such withdrawing Member an amount equal to the value of
his Current _____________________________ , adjusted for profits, loss, contributions and/or
withdrawals, on an accrual basis, as of the date of his withdrawal.
It is mutually agreed that the _____________________________ , at the time of
withdrawal of any Member, shall evaluate, in writing, for the purposes of the accrual basis of
accounting and computing the withdrawing _____________________________ , the accounts
receivable and work in progress of the Company, and all Members shall be bound by his written
evaluation. If the _____________________________ withdraws, the Members shall designate
another Member to make such evaluation.
The withdrawing Member hereby agrees that the Company shall reduce any sum due
him upon withdrawal by twice the amount of fees earned by the Company during the previous
twelve (12) months from each client of the Company that the withdrawing Member takes with him;
however, in the event that the amount of the fees earned by the Company during the previous
twelve (12) months from each client of the Company that the withdrawing Member takes with him
exceeds the value of the withdrawing Member's Ownership Capital Account, as adjusted, on an
accrual basis, on the date of withdrawal, then an amount must be refunded or paid to the Company
by the withdrawing Member equal to _____________________________ ( _____ %) of the excess.
Any sum so due the withdrawing Member shall be paid to him by the Company, or
any sum so due the Company by the withdrawing Member shall be paid by the withdrawing
Member, in the number of monthly payments listed in the following formula opposite the amount
due, to - wit:
AMOUNT MONTHLY PAYMENTS
_____________________________ 12
_____________________________ 24
_____________________________ 36
_____________________________ 48
_____________________________ 60
_____________________________ 84
INCAPACITY OF MEMBER
A Member who, upon advice of a physician, is unable to perform his normal duties
because of illness or accident shall continue to receive his full salary for the first full six months of
such incapacity. Should the period of disability extend longer than six months, the disabled
Member shall receive _____________________________ ( ____ %) of his salary during the next six
months of disability, at which time the salary shall be discontinued. At the end of twelve months of
disability, the disabled Member will be entitled to the same proportionate part of the value of the
Company as set out in the most recent annual Agreed Valuation of the Company, less distributions
(other than salary) made to the disabled Member during the twelve months of disability.
Any sum so due the disabled Member shall be paid to him by the Company in the
number of monthly payments listed in the following formula opposite the amount due, to-wit:
AMOUNT MONTHLY PAYMENTS
_____________________________ 12
_____________________________ 24
_____________________________ 36
_____________________________ 48
_____________________________ 60
_____________________________ 84
DEATH OF MEMBER
The death of a Member shall terminate all his interest in the Company, its property
and assets. The Company shall redeem said Member's interest in the Company by paying cash to
his estate as follows:
As soon as received by the Company, an amount equal to all
insurance proceeds payable to the Company as a result of the death of
said Member; and
The same proportionate part of the value of the Company as set out in
the most recent annual Agreed Valuation of the Company, less
distributions (other than salary) made to the deceased Member during
the current calendar year, and further reduced by insurance proceeds
paid under the provisions of this Section X, Paragraph 1 (a), above.
After payment of said amount equal to said insurance proceeds, any remaining sum
due the deceased Member shall be paid to his personal representative by the Company in the
number of monthly payments listed in the following formula opposite the amount due, to - wit:
AMOUNT MONTHLY PAYMENTS
_____________________________ 12
_____________________________ 24
_____________________________ 36
_____________________________ 48
_____________________________ 60
_____________________________ 84
Provided, however, after commencing such monthly payments, the Company may, at any time,
make a lump sum payment to said personal representative of the entire balance due the deceased
Member.
RETIREMENT
A Member shall retire at the end of the calendar year in which he attains the age of
sixty-five (65), unless two-thirds (2/3) of the Members agree to extend the time of retirement for
one (1) year and, on an annual basis, one additional year at a time; provided, however, retirement
shall not be extended beyond the end of the fiscal year in which said Member attains seventy (70)
years of age.
A Member may voluntarily retire at the end of any month after his sixtieth (60th)
birthday provided he notifies the Company of his intended retirement at least one (1) year before
the desired retirement date, and, provided further, his retirement benefits, as computed hereunder,
are reduced by Five Percent (5%) for each year of retirement prior to his sixty-fifth (65th) birthday.
At the request of a retired Member and with approval of the Members, a retired or
withdrawn Member may render services to the Company, or in its behalf, to any of its clients, and
the retired Member shall be separately compensated for those services at the rate of Forty Percent
(40%) of the regular rate charged for the services of the retired Member. This compensation shall
be in addition to any other income that may be distributable to him.
The retirement of a Member will terminate all his interest in the Company, its
property and assets. The Company shall redeem said Member's interest in the Company by paying
in cash to the retired Member, or his estate, the proportionate part of the value of the Company set
out in the most recent annual Agreed Valuation of the Company, less distributions (other than
salary) made to the retired Member during the current calendar year; this amount shall be deemed
to be the retired Member's portion of the profits of the Company set out in Section VI, Paragraph 2,
hereof.
Any sum so due the retired Member shall be paid to him by the Company in the
number of monthly payments listed in the following formula opposite the amount due, to - wit:
AMOUNT MONTHLY PAYMENTS
_____________________________ 12
_____________________________ 24
_____________________________ 36
_____________________________
48
______________________________ 84
Provided, however, after commencing such monthly payments, the Company may, at any time,
make a lump sum payment to the retired Member of the entire balance due the retired Member.
In the event of the death of the retired Member during the payment period set out in
Paragraph 5 above, the proceeds of the Company's life insurance policies, payable as a result of the
death of said retired Member, will be paid to the Company; in no event will the insurance proceeds
be payable to the estate of a retired Member.
In addition to the foregoing payments, upon the retirement of
_____________________________ , _____________________________ , or
_____________________________ , such retiring Member shall be paid his ____ Capital
contribution plus interest at the rate of _____________________________ ( ___ %) per annum from
_____________________________ , with equal payments to be made monthly over a 10-year
period, with the first payment to be made on or before the 10th day of the month following such
retirement and subsequent payments to be made on or before the 10th day of each succeeding
month.
DISSOLUTION
This Company may be terminated and dissolved at any time by mutual agreement of
the Members or upon written notice to the other Members by Members owning three-fourths (3/4)
of the _____________________________
In the event of dissolution of the Company, no further professional services shall be
rendered in the Company's name and no further business transacted for the Company except action
necessary for concluding its affairs, the distribution or liquidation of its assets, and the distribution
of proceeds. Maintenance of offices to effectuate or facilitate concluding the Company affairs shall
not be construed to involve a continuation of the Company. Prior to the effective date of the
termination of the Company, the Members shall agree upon the assignment of every uncompleted
professional service to one or another of the Members on such terms as shall be agreeable to the
clients involved and the Members to whom such matters are assigned; and the rendition of
professional services from the effective date of the dissolution shall henceforth be by such
individuals and other accounting firms, if any, in which they may respectively become members.
The business affairs of the Company, in the event of the dissolution of the Company,
shall be wound up and liquidated as promptly as business circumstances and orderly business
practices will permit. After payment is made of expenses incurred, the net assets and the proceeds
of the liquidation shall be applied in the following order:
To the payment of the debts and liabilities of the Company owing to
the creditors other than Members, and the expenses of liquidation.
To the payment of debts and liabilities owing to the Members other
than for (i) capital, (ii) profits, and (iii) any unmatured installments
yet to be paid on account of the death, permanent disability,
retirement, or withdrawal of a Member.
To the repayment to each of the Members of his capital contributions
to the Company.
To the payment to Members of all remaining net assets and proceeds,
if any.
INDEMNIFICATION
To the extent not prohibited by applicable law, each Member shall be indemnified
by the Company against any and all claims and liabilities to which he has or shall become subject
by reason of being or having been a Member of the Company, or by reason of any action alleged to
have been taken, omitted, or neglected by him as a Member; and the Company shall reimburse each
such person for all legal expenses reasonably incurred by him in connection with any such claim or
liability, provided, however, that no such person shall be indemnified against, or be reimbursed for
any expense incurred in connection with, any claim or liability arising out of his own willful
misconduct, gross negligence, or sexual harassment.
The amount paid to any Member by way of indemnification shall not exceed his
actual, reasonable, and necessary expenses incurred in connection with the matter involved.
The right of indemnification hereinabove provided for shall not be exclusive of any
rights to which any Member may otherwise be entitled by law.
MISCELLANEOUS
Each Member shall punctually pay and satisfy all his present and future private debts
and engagements, and shall indemnify the other Members, their heirs, executors, or administrators,
and the Company from such debts and from all actions, proceedings, damages and expenses on
account thereof.
This Limited Liability Company Agreement supersedes all prior Articles of
Partnership and Addenda thereto.
WITNESS our signatures on the day and date first mentioned hereinabove.
_____________________________
FOUNDING MEMBER
_____________________________
FOUNDING MEMBER
_____________________________ , MEMBER
____________________________ _ , MEMBER
_____________________________ , MEMBER
_ ____________________________ , MEMBER
OWNERSHIP CAPITAL ACCOUNTS AS OF _________
_____ Current
Capital Capital
Contribution * Contribution **
____________________________ _ 27% $_________ $________
_____________________________ 27% $_________ $________
_____________________________ 13% $ _________ $________
_____________________________ 11% - 0 - $________
_____________________________ 11% - 0 - $________
_____________________________ 11% - 0 - $________
TOTAL 100%
* This contribution bears interest at 10% per annum.
** This capital contribution will be increased or decreased, as appropriate, by the profits,
losses, contributions, and withdrawals on the accrual basis.
EXHIBIT "B"
AGREED VALUATION
AS OF ____________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
EXHIBIT "C"