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Working Forest Conservation Easement

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WORKING FOREST CONSERVATION EASEMENT

NORTH CAROLINA

COUNTY

This Grant of Conservation Easement (hereinafter "Conservation Easement") is made this the day of , 20 by (landowners) , whose address is (hereinafter "Grantor") and CONSERVATION TRUST FOR NORTH CAROLINA, a North Carolina nonprofit corporation, with an address of Post Office Box , , NC (hereinafter collectively called "Grantee").

The designation Grantor and Grantee as used herein shall include said parties, their heirs, successors and assigns, and shall include singular, plural, masculine, feminine or neuter pronouns as required by context.

RECITALS

A. The Grantor is the sole owner in fee simple of the property ("Property"), legally described in Exhibit A, attached hereto and incorporated by this reference, which consists of approximately acres located in County, North Carolina.

B. The Grantee is a nonprofit corporation, operated primarily for conservation purposes, including protection of environmentally valuable and sensitive land for charitable, scientific, educational, and aesthetic purposes.

C. The principal objectives of this Grant are to establish and maintain productive forestry resources on the Protected Property.

D. The Property is a significant natural area that qualifies in its present condition as a relatively natural habitat of fish, wildlife, or plants, or similar ecosystem.

E. The characteristics of the Property, its current use and state of improvement, will be described in a report entitled Baseline Report to be prepared by Grantee for the Grantor.

F. The Grantor and Grantee have the common purpose of conserving the above-described conservation values of the Property in perpetuity.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Grantor, for and consideration of the facts recited above and of the mutual covenants, terms, conditions and restrictions contained herein and as an absolute and unconditional gift, hereby gives, grants and conveys unto the Grantee, its successors and assigns, forever and in perpetuity for the benefit of the people of North Carolina, a Conservation Easement over the Property of the nature and character as follows:

1. PURPOSES.

The purposes of this Conservation Easement are to ensure that the Property will be retained forever predominantly in its natural, scenic, forested, and/or open space condition.

2. PROPERTY USES.

Any activity on, or use of the Property inconsistent with the purposes of this Conservation Easement is prohibited.

2.1 Subdivision. The Property may not be divided, subdivided or partitioned, nor conveyed except in its current configuration as an entity.

2.2 Construction. There exist on the property two (2) houses which are identified on the map attached hereto and labeled as “Exhibit B”. Grantor shall have the right to reconstruct, maintain, or replace the existing houses and agricultural outbuildings on the property.

2.3 Existing Improvements. Grantor shall have the right to maintain, remodel, and repair existing structures, water tanks, water wells, fences, header dams, utilities, and other improvements.

2.4 Agricultural Use. Grantor shall have the right to breed, raise, and pasture livestock and to plant, raise and harvest crops in existing fields on the Property.

2.5 Forest Management. Limited harvesting of timber, cutting or destruction of trees or other plants, may be allowed with the prior written approval of the Grantee.

2.6 Grazing. Grantor shall have the right to graze and pasture animals pursuant to a grazing plan, to be updated at least every ten (10) years, and approved by the Grantee.

2.7 Home Business. Any business that is conducted by and in the home of a person residing on the Property is allowed.

2.8 Recreational Use. Grantor shall have the right to engage in and permit others to engage in recreational uses of the Property, including hiking, camping, picnicking, horseback riding, non-motorized bicycling, lawful hunting and fishing.

2.9 Excavation. There shall be no filling, excavation, dredging, mining or drilling.

2.10 Destruction of Plants. Grantors shall have the right to cut and remove diseased trees, shrubs, or other plants, and to cut firebreaks, without prior approval by the Grantee.

2.11 Water Quality and Drainage Patterns. There shall be no pollution of surface water, natural water courses, lakes, ponds, marshes, subsurface water or any other water bodies.

2.12 Signage. No signs or billboards or other advertising displays are allowed on the Property, except as permitted herein.

2.13 No Biocides. There shall be no use of pesticides or biocides, except as approved by Grantee to control invasive species detrimental to the conservation values of the Property.

2.14 No Dumping. There shall be no storage or dumping of trash, garbage, abandoned vehicles, appliances, or machinery.

2.15 Predator Control. Grantor shall have the right to control, destroy, or trap predatory and problem animals that pose a material threat to livestock and/or humans by means and methods approved by the Grantee.

2.16 Forest Management Roads. The right to maintain, repair and replace existing forest management roads and associated bridges and culverts.

2.17 Commercial Development. Any commercial or industrial use of or activity on the Property, other than those relating to agriculture, silviculture, recreation, or home businesses, as permitted herein, is prohibited.

2.18 Development Rights. With the exception of buildings permitted above, Grantor conveys to Grantee all development rights that are now or hereafter allocated to, implied, reserved or inherent in the Property.

3. ADDITIONAL RIGHTS RETAINED BY GRANTOR.

3.1 Existing Uses. The right to undertake or continue any activity or use of the Property not prohibited by this Conservation Easement.

3.2 Transfer. The right to sell, give, mortgage, lease, or otherwise convey the Property subject to the terms of this Conservation Easement.

4. GRANTEE’S RIGHTS.

4.1 Right to Protect. The right to preserve and protect the conservation values of the Property and enforce the terms of this Conservation Easement.

4.2 Right of Entry. Grantee, its employees, representatives, and agents and its successors and assigns, have the right, after prior written notice to Grantor, to enter the protected Property at reasonable times.

4.3 Monitoring and Research. The right, but not the obligation, to monitor the native plant and wildlife populations, plant communities and natural habitats on the Property.

4.4 Management of Exotics and Invasive Species. The right, but not the obligation, to control, manage or destroy exotic non-native species or invasive species of plants and animals.

5. RESPONSIBILITIES OF GRANTOR AND GRANTEE NOT AFFECTED.

(a) Taxes - The Grantor shall be solely responsible for payment of all taxes and assessments levied against the Property.

(b) Upkeep and Maintenance - The Grantor shall be solely responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of the Property.

6. ACCESS.

No right of access by the general public to any portion of the Property is conveyed by this Conservation Easement.

7. ENFORCEMENT.

The Grantee shall have the right to prevent and correct violations of the terms of this Conservation Easement.

8. TRANSFER OF EASEMENT.

The parties recognize and agree that the benefits of this easement are in gross and assignable.

9. TRANSFER OF PROPERTY.

Any time the Property, or any interest therein, is transferred by the Grantor to any third party, the Grantor shall notify the Grantee in writing at least thirty (30) days prior to the transfer.

10. RIGHT OF FIRST REFUSAL.

In case of any contemplated sale of the subject property, first refusal as to any bona fide offer of purchase must be given to the Grantee.

11. AMENDMENT OF EASEMENT.

This easement may be amended only with the written consent of Grantor and Grantee.

12. TERMINATION OF EASEMENT.

If it is determined that conditions on or surrounding the Property have changed so much that it is impossible to fulfill the conservation purposes set forth above, a court with jurisdiction may terminate this Conservation Easement.

13. INTERPRETATION.

This Conservation Easement shall be interpreted under the laws of North Carolina.

14. INDEMNIFICATION.

Grantor agrees to indemnify and hold Grantee harmless from any and all costs, claims or liability.

15. TITLE.

The Grantor covenants and represents that the Grantor is the sole owner and is seized of the Property in fee simple and has good right to grant and convey this Conservation Easement.

16. NOTICES.

Any notices required by this Conservation Easement shall be in writing and shall be personally delivered or sent by first class mail, to Grantor and Grantee, respectively, at the following addresses.

To Grantor:


To the Grantee:


17. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION.

The Grantor warrants that it has no actual knowledge of a release or threatened release of hazardous substances or wastes on the Property.

18. SEVERABILITY.

If any provision of this Conservation Easement is found to be invalid, the remaining provisions shall not be altered thereby.

19. PARTIES.

Every provision of this Conservation Easement that applies to the Grantor or Grantee shall also apply to their respective heirs, executors, administrators, assigns, and all other successors as their interest may appear.

20. RE-RECORDING.

In order to ensure the perpetual enforceability of the Conservation Easement, the Grantee is authorized to re-record this instrument or any other appropriate notice or instrument.

21. MERGER.

The parties agree that the terms of this Conservation Easement shall survive any merger of the fee and easement interest in the Property.

22. SUBSEQUENT LIENS ON PROPERTY.

No provisions of this Conservation Easement should be construed as impairing the ability of Grantor to use this Property as collateral for subsequent borrowing.

23. EXHIBIT AND DOCUMENTATION.

A. Legal Description. Exhibit A, Legal Description of the protected Property is attached hereto and made a part hereof by reference.

B. Location Map: Exhibit B. Identifies the location of the farmstead area and other areas of concern to both parties.

24. ENTIRE AGREEMENT.

This instrument sets forth the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the Conservation Easement.

25. ACCEPTANCE AND EFFECTIVE DATE.

As attested by the Seal of the Grantee and the signatures of its authorized representatives affixed hereto, the Grantee hereby accepts without reservation the rights and responsibilities conveyed by this Conservation Easement.

TO HAVE AND TO HOLD, this Grant of Conservation Easement unto the Conservation Trust for North Carolina, its successors and assigns, forever.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Grantor and Grantee, intending to legally bind themselves, have set their hands and seals on the date first written above.

GRANTOR:

(Seal)

(Seal)

Accepted:

GRANTEE:

 

Acknowledgments

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA

COUNTY OF

I, , a Notary Public in and for said County and State do hereby certify that personally appeared before me this day and duly acknowledged the execution of the foregoing Conservation Easement.

Witness my hand and notarial seal, this day of , 20 .

My commission expires:

NORTH CAROLINA

COUNTY

I, , a Notary Public of County, North Carolina do hereby certify that Rusty Painter personally appeared before me this day and acknowledged that he is the Secretary of The Conservation Trust for North Carolina.

Witness my hand and notarial seal this the day of , 20 .

My commission expires:

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA

COUNTY

The Foregoing (or annexed) Certificate(s) of Notary(ies) Public (is)(are) Certified to be correct.

This instrument was filed for Registration on the Day and Hour in the Book and Page shown in the First page hereof.

Register of Deeds

This instrument prepared by and return to:

The Conservation Trust for North Carolina, PO Box 33333 Raleigh, NC 27636-3333

EXHIBIT A.

LEGAL DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY

Exhibit A includes a detailed description of the property and conservation values the conservation easement is intended to protect.

EXHIBIT B

LOCATION MAP(S) OF PROPERTY

Enter text✕

What a Working Forest Conservation Easement Is and how it works

A Working Forest Conservation Easement is a legally binding interest in real property that permanently limits land use to protect forest values while allowing sustainable timber production and active management. The easement is granted by the landowner (grantor) to a conservation organization or public agency (grantee) and is recorded in the land records as a deed restriction that runs with the land. Typical provisions specify permitted forestry practices, harvesting standards, public access (if any), baseline documentation, monitoring, enforcement rights, and provisions for management of invasive species and habitat conservation.

Why landowners and conservation groups use this agreement

A Working Forest Conservation Easement protects natural resources in perpetuity while keeping productive timber uses viable, can support tax deductions or incentives when structured properly, and provides a durable plan for long‑term forest stewardship and landscape connectivity.

Why landowners and conservation groups use this agreement

Parties and stakeholders commonly involved

Typical users include private forestland owners, land trusts, government agencies, and timberland investors who need to balance conservation and active management.

  • Private landowners who wish to conserve forest habitat while retaining timber revenue and certain reserved management rights.
  • Land trusts and conservation NGOs that hold and enforce easements under their charitable or public mission.
  • Timber companies or investors managing working forestlands under sustainable harvesting and certification programs.

Other participants include appraisers, attorneys, foresters, and local permitting authorities who review terms and ensure enforceability.

Core components you’ll find in a professional easement

A well-drafted Working Forest Conservation Easement combines clear limits with practical management provisions so active forestry remains compatible with conservation objectives.

Grant of Easement

Identifies the precise property interest conveyed, the grantor and grantee, and the scope of rights transferred to the grantee, including enforcement authority and remedies for breach.

Permitted Uses

Specifies allowed forestry operations, silvicultural methods, harvest rotation limits, road construction parameters, and any limits on subdivision or non‑forest uses to retain working forest character.

Management Plan

References a site‑specific forest management plan prepared by a qualified forester; the plan governs operational details, BMPs, and adaptive management practices over time.

Baseline Report

Attaches baseline documentation (maps, photos, inventories) that records pre‑easement conditions and serves as the reference for future monitoring and disputes.

Monitoring & Enforcement

Outlines routine monitoring frequency, inspection rights, remedies for violations, dispute resolution, and provisions for costs and access during inspections.

Term & Transfer

States duration (often perpetual), successor binding language, and procedures required when ownership transfers, including notice and amendment restrictions.

Essential information and fields to include

Grantor/Grantee: Full legal names
Property ID: Parcel number
Legal Description: Metes and bounds
Reserved Rights: Enumerated uses
Management Plan: File/date reference
Execution Data: Signatures and dates

Step-by-step: Completing a Working Forest Conservation Easement

Follow these sequential steps to prepare, complete, execute, and record the easement correctly to protect your rights and ensure enforceability.

  • 01
    Gather Documents: Collect deed, parcel map, tax ID, and baseline report.
  • 02
    Define Rights: Specify reserved forestry rights and prohibited activities.
  • 03
    Prepare Draft: Draft with counsel and forester input; attach plan.
  • 04
    Execute & Record: Sign, notarize if required, then record with county recorder.

Configuring an online signing workflow

Set up a clear signing flow to capture intent, attribution, and the required authentication steps for each signer.

Field Configuration
Document Upload Upload final PDF with exhibits attached
Field Placement Place signature, date, and initial fields accurately
Signer Order Define sequence: grantor then grantee then witness/notary
Authentication Use email plus SMS or ID verification when required

How electronic completion and recording typically flows

A standard e-sign and record workflow reduces travel and preserves an audit trail while meeting legal signature requirements when permitted.

  • Prepare Document: Finalize text and attach baseline exhibits.
  • Assign Signers: Add grantor, grantee, witnesses, and notary as needed.
  • Collect Signatures: Signers authenticate and apply signatures online.
  • Record Instruments: Obtain original signed version for county recording.

Technical considerations for digital signing and eSubmission

Verify the eSignature provider supports secure audit trails, required authentication, and exports in recorder‑acceptable formats before using electronic workflows.

  • File Formats: PDF/A and DOCX
  • Integrations: CRM, cloud storage connections
  • Authentication: Email, SMS, or ID verification

Key timelines and recording expectations

Timely execution and recording reduce title risk and preserve charitable deduction eligibility when claims are involved.

Record Promptly:

Record the easement in the county recorder’s office immediately after execution to protect priority.

Tax Reporting:

If claiming a charitable deduction, submit required IRS documentation with your tax return year of donation.

Monitoring Schedule:

Establish monitoring cadence (annual or as specified) to document compliance and detect violations early.

Notarization Window:

Complete any required notarizations at signing to avoid later challenges to validity.

Document Retention:

Keep executed originals and baseline records for the life of the easement and beyond.

Common mistakes to avoid when preparing the easement

  • Vague reserved rights language that unintentionally permits subdivision or incompatible development.
  • Failing to attach or reference a clear baseline documentation package and management plan.
  • Not confirming recording office requirements, resulting in rejection or incomplete indexing.
  • Attempting to claim federal tax benefits without following IRS appraisal and Form 8283 requirements.

Risks and consequences of an incorrect or incomplete easement

Invalid Grant: Recording defects
Tax Audit: Denial of deduction
Enforcement Cost: Litigation exposure
Ambiguous Terms: Dispute over permitted uses
Title Issues: Clouded ownership
Transfer Problems: Future buyer disputes

eSignature vendor comparison relevant to this easement workflow

Key pricing and compliance differences can affect which eSignature plan meets recording, authentication, and BAA needs for working‑forest easement execution.

signNow DocuSign Adobe Sign PandaDoc HelloSign
Starting Price $8/user/mo $15/user/mo $14/user/mo $19/user/mo $15/user/mo
Free Trial 7-day free trial No No Yes Yes
Bulk Send Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Audit Trail Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
HIPAA Compliant Yes Yes Yes No No

Real-world examples of working forest easement use

Examples illustrate how easements balance conservation and active forest management across ownership types.

Family Forest Conservation

A family with 1,200 acres placed an easement to protect habitat

  • Forester retained harvesting rights on a 30-year rotation
  • The easement preserved timber income while permanently protecting core wetlands and enhancing long-term estate planning.

Public-Private Partnership

A land trust partnered with a county to protect a working forest corridor

  • The grantee accepted monitoring responsibilities
  • The agreement allowed periodic harvests under an approved management plan and secured public funding for conservation stewardship.

Practical tips for a smoother easement process

Applying these practical measures reduces ambiguity and helps preserve transaction value and enforceability.

Engage Specialists Early
Retain a qualified forester, appraisal professional, and attorney before drafting to ensure technical and legal alignment with conservation objectives.
Use Clear Maps
Attach survey-grade maps and GPS coordinates; clear exhibit maps prevent boundary disputes and recording rejections.
Document Baseline
Create thorough baseline documentation with photos and inventories to make future monitoring objective and defensible.
Address Future Transfers
Include successor provisions, notice requirements, and lender consent mechanisms to reduce friction at sale or refinancing.

Notarization and witness flow at signing

Follow this order at execution to satisfy recorder and evidentiary requirements where witnesses or notarization are required.

01

Pre-Signing Review

Confirm parties, exhibit attachments, and required notarization or witness counts before arranging the signing event.

02

Signer Identification

Each signer presents government photo ID; note method of ID in notary journal if required.

03

Witness Attestation

Witnesses sign and print names where the state requires witness testimony for deeds or conveyances.

04

Notary Acknowledgement

Notary completes acknowledgement or jurat with official seal and date as required by state law.

05

Return Originals

Collect executed originals for submission to the county recorder in the correct order with exhibits.

06

Record Filing

Record the instrument and obtain stamped copies for grantee, grantor, and lender files.

07

Monitoring Setup

Schedule initial baseline revisit per the monitoring clause after recording.

08

File Retention

Store recorded originals and digital copies in secure, access-controlled storage.

Frequently asked questions about Working Forest Conservation Easements

Answers below address common legal, tax, recording, and eSigning questions encountered during easement transactions.


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