Digital Signature Legitimateness for Purchasing in European Union

How to eSign a document: digital signature legitimateness for Purchasing in European Union

[Music] what does we mean the Oxford English Dictionary defines it as being used by a speaker to refer to himself or herself and one or more other people considered together how then do we determine who the people considered together are one way is common interest we are a group interested in going to watch a game for example another might be accidental or geographical association we are a community or a family since the progenitor of the European Union European Economic Community was given birth to in 1957 Federalists and unionists have been concerned with the question of a European we that can challenge the we of the national identity whether you're a supporter or a detractor of the European Union the question of how identity functions at the national and international level is a notoriously difficult phenomenon to study and understand while simultaneously being an important foundation of political action many have thought that the construction of a European Way is fundamental to the success or failure of the European project in whichever form you want it to take being a supranational government the European Union supersedes part of national sovereignty giving Brussels the right and means to make Lausanne regulation migration trade and human rights if this power is not thought of as legitimate it is sure to collapse brexit was a referendum over this legitimacy national event sports Wars national holidays royal weddings newspapers mail boxes all of these have a symbolic function that subtly but powerfully enforce our sense of citizenship people are always being reminded of the we as a psychological anchor exactly what constitutes that and and it's exact function is much more difficult to understand to what extent do our values have to be shared values about democratic procedure welfare or human rights for example how much of our history has to be shared our conceptions of art culture and science what about language it seems fundamental but many countries are multilingual Switzerland for example has four official languages how about geography mobility accessibility one thing that seems plausible is that the more these factors converge the more a sense of shared identity is possible many have noted for example that these limits have been transcended by modern technology making the old rules about national identity redundant on top of that transnational companies are more common and our modern society demands similar skills from everyone basic literacy maths and computer skills Europe although difficult to define has many of these shared values some would say that the European project has been relatively successful because of this there is also a sense for shared past in Christianity the Roman Empire and the Renaissance for example shared memories about the past lead to common symbolic points of conversation that can lead on to further discussion again it's not about the content of the past so much as the fact that it's a common frame of reference in other words the possibilities have to be at least hand gently' similar for there to be a shared future and there are increasingly common futures as well global shifts empower global warming global migration to name a few and while being European might mean different things to different people this isn't necessarily the point being British or French means different things to each person again the point is not so much the content the signified but the strength of the actual signifier as being an effective we so Europe as a collective identity has some of the but there are also many things missing who picks up a European newspaper watches European evening news or a European soap opera this is where politics and psychology collide we don't know how important these subtle psychological symbolisms are for underpinning the structure of our societies from the European Union itself there have been concrete attempts by the Eurocrats to nurture and develop this sense of shared identity the European flag was raised for the first time in May 1986 the European anthem ode to joy' has been used since 1972 two years after that the EU road signs replaced custom signs at border crossings driving licences also became relatively uniform across the EU in 1986 in 1985 the EU sponsored the European yacht race and in 1986 the tour of future cycling race and who remembers that glorious moment on the 10th of June 1986 when a prize was awarded to a Danish girl in Copenhagen for receiving the 250,000 --the EU passport no me neither so a lot of these attempts to construct an identity seem pretty lackluster say the least and laughable to say the most and I think pretty and imaginative but the defenders of this strategy might say that the actual events on the point the point is to kick-start a conversation start to spark remind people that it's on the table said that the process of identity formation might happen more naturally of course I think intuitively most people would see the attempts at building a European identity as being mostly so far unsuccessful but actually despite what seems like the dominance of a negative press about the EU and its institutions across all of Europe until recently the famous Eurobarometer polling shows increasing levels of support for the EU year-on-year but some might question the possible of multiple Wiis as i looked at in my last video on Hegel and Tony Soprano the question of split identity is an important one but as sociologist Anthony Smith writes there is plenty of historical evidence for the coexistence of concentric circles of Allegiance in the ancient world it was possible to be Athenian Ionian and Greek all at the same time in the medieval world to be Bernie's Swiss and Protestant in the modern third world to be it boo Nigerian and African simultaneously similarly one could feel simultaneously Catalan Spanish and European even dare one say it Scottish or English British and European what's interesting about the EU is being able to watch an identity being attempted to be created in such a short timeframe national identities develop over centuries and one of the perennial questions in theory is whether they are developed primarily by elites through newspapers governments education from the top down or whether they develop from below as a functional need for people recent studies on the European Union might start to shine some new light on these questions whatever happens at the very least we might gain some new insights into questions of identity one of the things closest to us yet one of the things least understood if you want to support anime then there's a few ways you can help you can of course subscribe like and share below and importantly click that bell to be notified of new videos you can also support me on patreon where you'll get access to scripts and audio early I answer questions and can put your name in the credits for as little as $1 per month thanks to my existing patreon supporters also if you're thinking of buying something on this topic if you do so through my amazon link below in the description I'll receive a small commission at no extra cost to you all of which helps the channel out massively thanks for watching and next week