eSignature Legitimateness for Public Relations in European Union

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Right, let's Right, let's get started. Good Good afternoon, to Good afternoon to all of you. tuning tuning in today. Good tuning in today, good morning and good evening to those lists and good evening to those listening to them. ecording ecorded version of ecorded version of this event version of this event. I am a fan of deca I am a fan of economic key, and I am a fan of deca Vicki, I'm an associate professor in the department of Energy. ernational relations at ernational relations at the LA ernational relations at the LSE and relations at the LSE, and I am your chair. today Today, we Today, we are gathered here Today, we are gathered here to discuss an important and time an important and timely topic name. amely the external app the external action of. f the European Union f the European Union and the European Union. And as we look at the International And as we look at the International Affairs tensions but also. o opportunities to cooperate o opportunities to cooperate between, for instance, China. and the United and the United States I mean to the and the United States I mean to the ongoing, and damage the new very the ongoing, and damage the new variant. , and all that stuff invites him , and all that stuff it might seem a bit misplace to focus seem a bit misplace to focus on the European you the European you the European Union. especially especially from London. But under especially from London. But at the same time I think they in te is true in is true, exactly because. we are se we are facing Chan se we're facing challenges to se we're facing challenges turmoil and new and. It is important to take stock of what It is important to take stock of what we have, or what we know. know. And if I leave it to if only to remind ourselves. of what is Possible. And he will have enough. llent llent opportunity to do so llent opportunity to do so by focusing on that European focusing on that European Cooperate. ation, which is ation, which has a has a long history which has a has a long history of. overcoming Challenges overcoming Challenges, and also some overcoming Challenges, and also some currently very divisive some currently very divisive issues on its place its place. And today in particular, December And today in particular, December today in particular we're going to discuss. this book. This book is interesting This book is interesting, in my view This book is interesting, in my view, because it gives us the assets view, because it gives us a taste of how. rich. and then is analysis of it analysis of it analysis of your external action have become. Once they used to be considered Once they used to be considered the sort of the next section. But now they But now, they really. happy appeal to a variety appeal to a variety of a theory to a variety of a theoretical perspective. , but , but also they speak , but also they speak to end but also they speak to a number of. most important contemporary most important contemporary political debates. for this book lounge for this book lounge for this book lounge, of us the Edit for this book lounge, of us the Editors to share your thoughts. the main findings. the main findings. s of the book, well s of the book, well s of the book, but also their motivations for sure motivations for choosing to put motivations for choosing to put together this. collect which which brings. together a number. er of scholars and er of scholars, and I would like to hear from. to hear from. them from. what contribute to, sorry. hapter hapter contributors discuss hapter contributors discuss and and you, the audience. What are the main What are the main points. that we that we need to keep our time that we need to keep our attention, fixed on and request attention, fixed on and request attention, fixed on, and the questions that. still still need address still need addressing one points that we need to keep our attention, fixed on, and the questions that still need addressing one aspect will be particularly central to our debate today mainly, whether the study mainly whether the study of you. extend , external action can external action can overcome. your centuries Ma your centuries Ma. Linda external is, I read. ector of the Department ector of the Department of us ector of the Department of you International relations and diplomacy studies at the college. ge of Europe. In, Booth of Europe in Boucher. assigned assignment assurance is and assignment assurance is an assignment assurance is an associate research fellow at. t the United Nations in t the United Nations university, and t the United Nations university, and professor in the US and professor in the EU International relations and diplomacy. diplomacy. study studies department, under department and the College of Europe. Nora fisher on our Nora fisher on our his assistant professor of professor of international studies professor of international studies at the university of some. ern France friends ern France friends ancisco, and we're particular and we're particularly grateful. that she that she joins us with VISTA that she joins us with VISTA she joins us with Mr. Current Smith is our Smith is our own professional. mentor now mentor now international relations Act international relations At the LS international relations At the LSE. I have also Contributed LSE. I have also Contributed to the book with it. s chapter s chapter on break s chapter on break chapter on practice approaches and how this perspective. and how this perspective. e can contribute to e can contribute to better understand e can contribute to better understand what your external understand what your external action is about it. action is about it. when when he can do, but he can do. But I'm here today as it he can do. But I'm here today as a chair, and it is in this role that I would. like to give the floor to like to give the floor to our SP like to give the floor to our SPeakers. Simon says Linda would you like Simon says Linda would you like says Linda, would you like to start. Yes, thank you very much and thank you very much, and Simon will also show. hare some slides so hare some slides so it's easier for you to follow. Thank you first for you to follow. Thank you. First of all for hosting these e events to the LLC and the e events to the LLC and the department and of course, especially. for that for that that. Becky. I in my part I'm just I in my part I'm just going to stick with three points for stick with three points. First of all, why. at is the external action or is the external action, or how do we understand. nd it, and then second, why it, and then second, why this book. k, and third one And third, what's actually in the book before then turning over to the book before then turning over to simon for the main takeaways are the findings of the. book. Um, well I think first of all we have to keep in mind that says have to keep in mind that since its creation, the European Community or Union. n has progressively device n has progressively developed into a global actor. we can with an almost stay with an almost state like range with an almost state like range of external activities there's have to have been increasing. easing starting with the SOCa. iation on of some member states on of some member states overseas Territories are overseas Territories, or countries. with the creation of the costs with the creation of the customs Union in the late 1960s this customs Union in the late 1960s establishment of the common commercial policy. then then own ad. s and the and development Policy. cy at the European level in at the European level. to what the member states have been been what the member states have been doing and then finally. is instant since the 1970s or since the 1970s also European since the 1970s also European Political Cooperation Political Cooperation, which Political Cooperation, which in the 1990s with the math the 1990s with the maastricht Treaty in particular turned into Treaty in particular turned into the common form of. m and security policy m and security policy, plus and security policy. Plus increasingly important next Plus increasingly important external dimensions of external dimensions of originally. ly internal you policies ly internal you policies, such as ly internal you policies, such as environment migration energy as environment migration energy as environment migration energy aspects of. justice and home Affairs, etc justice and home Affairs, etc. Now this developer Now this development is this development is expansion. on of Policy on of Policies of the on of Policies of the European Union with an external dimension. has been has been a company also has been a company, also by a more been a company, also by a more differentiated in. titute's titutional structure for structure for external action. n, and also an expansion of legal and also an expansion of legal. And to think of for example of And to think of for example of the 2009 lisbon Treaty. and this does and this development has enough this development has. In addition, then. en be accompanied by buy en be accompanied by a growing owing wealth of concepts approach owing wealth of concepts approaches and theories, approaches and theories, seeking to approaches and theories, seeking to describe understand seeking to describe, understand , explain and assess what do you Union is actually doing. ng its external action ng its external action also in very its external action also in various disciplines, but in particular disciplines, but in particular you studies, international relations political science. from policy analysis, but foreign policy analysis, but also law economics, etc. Now, how do Now, how do we understand you Now, how do we understand you external action in this book. First of First of First of all, I should probably say that you is understood say that he was understood to be composed of its Institute be composed of its Institutions and Bodies. , plus that you members , plus that you member states, if the , plus that you member states, if they act so to speak as. trust trustees of the Union so on of the Union so on behalf of the EU of the, you know. ow, excellent an action then we'll ow, excellent an action then would capture all the activities with an external dimension undertaken by. y the u. s the u. s just defined. So that means it come So that means it comprises more than that means it comprises more than just. foreign policy. , meaning more than , meaning more than just deliberate action. aimed aimed at attaining certain goals aimed at attaining certain goals in the external environment. By changing other actors behavior behavior, because it can also include, for instance. active activities activities that are just activities that are just maintaining activities that are just activities that are just maintaining relations. s, or that s, or that produce in or that produce intended or unintended. extra external effects but our external effects but are actually more internal activities. So it's more than you it's more than you foreign policy. But it's all all But it's also more than But it's also more than your external relations which would external relations which would focus more on. relations relationship between the Ian third relationship between the Ian third countries or regions and third countries or regions. And finally, it's now And finally, it's narrower. It's It's It's less it's less than Europe it's less than European foreign policy, which would policy, which would policy, which would add all the member states national forum member states national foreign policies. we fault, you know, acting we fault, you know, acting on behalf of the European Union. So, why these So, why this book. Um, well first of all Simon Um, well first of all Simon well first of all Simon and myself. at the call at the College of Europe work at the College of Europe work for study program which for study program which focuses on yet. e, on the European Union and it's e, on the European Union and it's external action. It's called you international relations and diplomacy study relations and diplomacy studies , and we just realize all and we just realized also over time. that that there seems to be. be a lack of tech be a lack of a textbook for be a lack of a textbook for students that provides an accessible. overview of the major way overview of the major ways to study your external action study your external action, even though there are many books out there are many books out there are many great books on. are many great books on. n the external action describing n the external action describing the different Policies analyzing the different Policies analyzing the different Policies. We thought useful to bring. ng back together ng back together a book that ng back together a book that really focuses more on the theoretical parts like how can theoretical parts like how can something be studied something be studied at something be studied. be studied. And to show all the be studied. And to show all the whole be studied. And to show all the whole range of these concepts approaches and theories. And it's also a bit of a hybrid approach in the sense that approach in the sense that it's first of all the textbook for Students. for sky for scholars, but it's also research for scholars, but it's also research volume and can and should be of interest to you should be of interest to scholars and practitioners. alike Each chapter also in Each chapter also includes a case study of how something case study of how something can be applied. concrete Concretely, so. Concretely, so as you all know. theory theorizing and social sciences theorizing and social sciences are theories. And as shown on the team And as shown on the table on the slide, we see slide, we see this more as a continue. so from. console to. o theories concepts o theories concepts as generalization o theories concepts as generalizations and abstractions of certain social phenomena that serve as Building. blocks blocks for theory blocks for the rebuilding. And in between concerts And in between concerts in theory, that would be approaches. so they are so they are more than a concept so they are more than a concept less than a theory, and they can. tend towards either the more tend towards either the more conceptual or theoretical end of the country. And this distinction And this distinction. Serve him And this distinction serve in particular to of course structure. , the overview we wanted to gain , the overview we wanted to give about you excellent excellent studies in this book by also studies in this book by also studies in this book by also serves to examine base serves to examine basically the serves to examine basically the degree of. mature maturity of this maturity of this still rather young of this still rather young field of study. that a higher level of that a higher level of care ization that a higher level of care ization would point towards an increased maturity. ty of the field because of the field, because it allows for better. describe describing understand and explain describing understanding explaining and critically. ly, assessing job ly, assessing the object of study, now. Now, what is in the book. Of course it's a non next Of course it's a non exhaustive overview of concepts. pproach approaches and theories he would have approaches and theories he would have been impossible to include everything. And this is a And this is a And this is a self suffix And this is a self sufficient self classification, sorry, of self classification, sorry, of the participants. ating contributors. So it ating contributors. So it has a chapter on the history of you excellent action and it's studies and then it has 19. chapters Each week for short case study week for short case study on the following. parts and be very parts and be very happy that we have a very excellent have a very excellent. Right have a very excellent range list of authors in this book list of authors in this book. So the. first first part focuses on key part focuses on key. happy that we have a very happy that we have a very excellent range list of authors in this book. So the first part in this book. So the first part focuses on key concepts, approaches and theories, sometimes we call them cats. For example exogenous. Then, part two. to introduces this cat to introduce this these cats concepts approaches and theories that allow for console theories that allow for conceptualizing. g and analyzing Process g and analyzing Processes and effects of your external action effects of your external action. such as studies, but also three level but also three level games. es or you accidentally Governance es or you accidentally Governance, which is a contribution limit, Frank she immel funded externally effectiveness, which is what simon wrote about. t, and many others, now t, and many others and many others. on the next slide you can see. ee that the third part ee that the third part offers ee that the third part offers theoretical perspectives that folks. us on explaining x on explaining, like some of the with imports let's say from with imports let's say from international relations theory such as realism, we have such as realism, we have a chapter. on your functional ism. sm as already contacted sm as already constructivism where we have a chapter. Bye. Bye. y, or by integration y, or by integration theories on your functional ism as constructivism where we have a chapter by Emily, or by integration theories and again this is. s just a sample and just a sample and certainly not exhaustive like not exhaustive like new functional ism. by on anymore by on anyone and Union by on anyone and union Backman only bring the government to listen and the Mirage chick listen anymore of chick lit listen and the Mirage chick. The fourth part, considered The fourth part considers How various turns into social various turns into social sciences have. played played played out in played out in the next on actions out in action studies. . The discursive or linguistic . The discursive or linguistic turn normative turn practice turn normative turn practice turn. which is which is what Friedrich account which is what contributed or tend to turn. rn in social sciences and have been also playing a role and two player role and to play a role in the study of you. external action. action and action. And finally, and that's part five And finally, and that's part five finally, and that's part five and actually. y the focus of this webinar y the focus of this webinar today. We y the focus of this webinar today. We have a part that showcases more. recent critical recent critical approaches to do the study of external action. which which shared is focused which shared is focused that village already mentioned on the needs to overcome. rcome euro or you send euro or you centrism. Through the concentration of our Through the concentration of outside perspectives to integrate outside perspectives through integrating them so this also shows a bit. s up in the chat and check s up in the chat and trajectory of UX s up in the chat and trajectory of you excellent action studies which started very much. a lot h a lot of navel gazing look a lot of navel gazing looking at what's going on. in your in Europe, and in Europe, and Europe, and then turning increasingly. outside of outside over time. Bye outside over time. But here I will turn it over to say will turn it over to simon, to talk about the key talk about the key conclusions and takeaways. Excellent, thank you so Excellent. Thank you, Simon, would you like to. continue. Thank you. Thank you very much. Good afternoon Thank you very much. Good afternoon, also from my side now. , for us , you asked us to see , you asked us to single out three key takeaways from the book. ok so let's begin with so let's begin with the first one. As the Linda mentioned As the Linda mentioned the study of you external action has sidered to be involved in parallel to the development of that. external external action itself. So external action itself. So it really mirrors the growing and really mirrors the growing and really mirrors the growing importance of the. he US and external actor he US and external actor and US and external actor. And when it comes to that study from And when it comes to that study from a conceptual theoretical perspective. we find in the book. that there's clearly more than me that there's clearly more than meets the eye. And because there's such. a rich a rich conceptually, and a rich conceptually, and theoretically informed scholarship on this matter we argue actually in the conclusion of the book, that we may. actually actually be witnessing the emerge actually be witnessing the emergence of a new field of study so field of studies that. takes many of its cues from internet many of its cues from international relations from us studies from foreign Policy analysis studies from foreign Policy analysis and is therefore on this slide also located at the end this slide also located at the intersection between these three disciplines or sub disciplines three disciplines or sub disciplines. than the sum of its parts. . And that is why we give it a . And that is why we give it a distinct name in the book, we call it. it, you external action you external actually studies. You external action studies is a few You external action studies is a field that is still in the making. , they can That can be no doubt about this That can be no doubt about this , but we argue that it already know this place a certain number of features of an academic this. pline in its own right. Among those features are that Among those features are that you external action studies. s, has a particular indistinct s, has a particular indistinct object of research, the thing that just defined what you that just defined what you external action. It has over time produced body has over time produced a body of accumulate. lated specialist knowledge, it specialist knowledge. It uses specific. terminologies we've heard the terminologies we've heard the term, Hector nessa term that we pray term, Hector nessa term that we probably not in much to anyone who is not specialized in you. you. increasingly strong instead increasingly strong institutionalization we have study programs. ms on the external action and chairs. increase Increasingly also. specific specific specialized conferences specialized conferences, as well as. specialized Journals in specialized Journals in this And of course, and that's the most important aspect here from the most important aspect here from the perspective of this book focusing on concepts approaches and series, we see. that the there is an increasing. ng body of concern body of conceptual theoretical. knowledge knowledge that acute knowledge that acumen, that helps to actually organized systematized. The accumulate. ating empirical knowledge in empirical knowledge in this area. So this development of a new So this development of a new field of study in reaction to. o trends in European into o trends in European integration towards more UX towards more external action at the more diversified you next the more diversified the external action. on is the first major on is the first major takeaway from the book. says set The second takeaway The second takeaway. We think that this conceptual theoretical body of knowledge on you theoretical body of knowledge theoretical body of knowledge on external action is already very rich but we also so very rich but we also argue in the book, it can be further enrich the book, it can be further enriched. And this in turn will help us to make even better sense of you. and it and it's external action. n, and possibly also help to read n, and possibly also help to reshape and improve it in the future. And the. And the. e knowledge that we have is already e knowledge that we have is already rich because scholars have used a variety of strategies to actually theorized strategies to actually theorized external action they have reinterpreted. ed existing theory ed existing theories from international relations regional into. ration ration studies, they ration studies, they have important studies, they have important trends from other. r disciplines into r disciplines into the study of us r disciplines into the study of UX title action and have used another variety of. ways in which to ways in which to ways in which to make sense of ways in which to make sense of external action. has been there's been a lot of creativity and there's been a lot of creativity and innovative thinking, but. and innovative thinking, but. we are we argue that more can argue that more can and should be done. And we think on the one hand And we think on the one hand, an important step would be to. explore explicitly encourage and explicitly encourage and foster a pluralist engagement among Scott a pluralist engagement among Scholars across. epistemological and epistemological and epistemological and ontological boundaries in this emerge boundaries in this emerging field. Right now we have a lot of different mosley eats but I think different mosley eats but I think, combining them into linkedIn think, combining them into linking them will yet, the bigger picture of use external bigger picture of use external action, over time, and set action, over time. And second, we think that. t the discipline t the discipline or emerging discipline of external action discipline of external action studies, let's call it a field of studies. Should emancipate from it Should emancipate from it's bordering disciplines so so bordering disciplines so so internet bordering disciplines so so international relations, you studies foreign policy analysis and studies foreign policy analysis studies foreign policy analysis and understand itself as a side. side of it side of innovative conceptual side of innovative conceptual theoretical read theoretical reflection that theoretical reflection, because we think that studying the US a particular particular external actor in a theoretical. informed way informed way can do way, can lead to additional. al innovative thinking that al innovative thinking that can then also be exported into those. other other disciplines se other disciplines. And if this is other disciplines. And if this other disciplines. And if this is done so. is done so. it is too is too. So, these two conditions your engagement and immense engagement and emancipation are engagement and emancipation are fulfilled. ed. It can be expected to have two effects on the one hand. academic academically we think it can help academically we think it can help reinvigorate thinking about international Politics and foreign policy more generally and foreign policy more generally for instance, when it instance, when it comes to the role of non traditional actors role of non traditional actors in global politics. s was studying effectiveness s was studying effectiveness of foreign policy actors I think you had selection studies you had selection studies has a certain number of. things things to say to those things to say to those other devices things to say to those other disciplines already. And secondly. more more practically it will help us more practically it will help us to use this conceptual theoretical. knowledge to us to assess critique and improve assess critique and improve the. ve us action as a globe ve us action as a global actor, and the book is an explicit in the and the book is an explicit invitation to stimulate invitation to stimulate to engage in a debate in that sense. should clearly not be just an echo. demic conversation but a debate demic conversation but a debate that involves scholars, as much as that involves scholars, as much as students practice. ioners of the external action ioners of UX transaction but really anybody who is interested. ed in this action in ed in this action in trying to improve it to co create the future of its study and study and study that should also be. Chris of. And that leads. us to us to the final set to the final set takeaway. closely closely related to this now related to this last point. , with the book and , with the book and Linda has alluded to this already, we can alluded to this already, we can see key trends in the waist us see key trends in the waist use see key trends in the waist use external action has been studied over time. When external actually was When external actually was first Analyzed of the UK Analyzed of the Eucharist analyzed. Scott scholars, often focused scholars, often focused on often focused on questions. and as this and as description understanding and the best explanation so and the best explanation so they asked questions like. What do What does he do how does What does he do how does it do it why does he do how does it do it. Why does it engage externally what does it engage externally what sort of actor. . That is it, in a way That is it. In a way, these studies tended to a way, these studies tended to be very inward. d looking, they supported d looking, they supported a certain navel gazing trend certain navel gazing trend that could also be observed in the could also be observed in the practice of us practice of external action. ly in In recent years, however we see an evolution in the study of external actually scholars have become more interested in the critical explanation of that action. asking asking questions such as asking questions such as, there is us actually legitimate is us actually legitimate does it is us actually legitimate. of Justice, when. en it externally, and en it externally, and so on. And that en it externally, and so on. And that is why approaches and so on. And that is why light of day that are more suited to critical reflection and. proceed critical. Its tendency towards your centrism, and by moving from an inside out perspective to an outside in perspective, important aspects of this particular. debate debate, have debate, have been discussed under the notion of the century agenda and externally. tions tion studies and studies, an agenda that is strongly inspired by that is strongly inspired by postcolonial studies, and these are postcolonial studies and is arguably the latest and in many ways. very very interesting and promise very interesting and promising edition. to this field. d and see Linda has and see Linda has mentioned it's also. o the gist of what is o the gist of what is in the o the gist of what is in the last 15 the gist of what is in the last 15 part of the volume. direction of becoming a status of becoming a state line actor. word cultivate it's done word cultivate it's distinct. And on this note. Thank you very much. In fact, too you very much in back to back to launch. ondon, and thank you We're not turning into We're not turning into Nora, Nora you We're not turning into Nora, Nora you have cool so the chapter with the calypso Nicola this on the dissenting. ing and Agenda, it It plus colonial approach. ch to you, external ch to you, external action, and this to you, external action. And this brings us very. very close to the end very close to the issue of whether you can or should whether you can or should contribute to the word of today and tomorrow. As the word centers. rs of gravity seems to be rs of gravity seems to be shifting I mean is the EU you shifting I mean is that you eady, or even suited eady, or even suited to add this or even suited to a discussion about. posts post colonialism, what post colonialism, what colonialism. What is it. about this about this a dissenting agenda, and a dissenting agenda, and how can they, you do it they, you do it, nor they, you do it. Nora, over to you. Thank you so much for. they prefer they prefer the suffolk city facility this opportunity to share my my work with colleagues Nikolai this. been done we've been developing this line we've been developing this line of reasoning. the world who grappled with. the bus questions that you. at you that you at you that you wouldn't leave at you that you wouldn't be raised up at you that you wouldn't be raised, and so what I'll do today is just go over today is just go over. And again, I just want to reiterate my thanks to. o the organizers and o the organizers and the editors for this opportunity. Okay, so. Okay, so, Well we do believe that it's a very we do believe that it's a very we do believe that it's a very timely moment. nt to take on the set of to take on the set of questions. of full on. our article, it was our article, it was 2013 piece for cooperation conflict. ct with ct with first kind of made this ct with first kind of made this call to amplify. the day dissenting work. of you Have you know many thinkers. around around the globe so you know we around the globe so you know we around the globe so you know we are we are amplifier is not a reason are we are amplifiers not originators in any way of this originators in any way of the set of ideas. But that. that the that the time and this has become that the time and this has that the time and this has become all the more. become all the more. salient you know after break salient you know after brexit, after salient you know after brexit. After the Trump presidency you know certainly we've seen in the context of the pandemic. that we now live in what that we now live in what Acharya. where we continue to have over. apping apping governance challenges apping governance challenges. We have a broad Institutional infancy have a broad Institutional infrastructure with which to grapple with these challenges. s but the number of voice but the number of voices at the but the number of voices at the table. the end the sheer complex the sheer complexity of the the sheer complexity of the challenges that we face covered challenges that we face covered in neighborhoods and governing neighborhoods and governing globally. the idea that they. European Union can be in European Union can be in you know uniquely so generous. moment of actor in the world. Because of all we have common challenges, you know liberal challenges, you know liberal your modality is hutchings describes it is only one of them. other odalities on offer and we have odalities on offer and we have to negotiate with partners who to negotiate with partners who have. e, who are who are pursuing e, who are who are pursuing alternative pathways and experience alternative pathways and experiences. a Modernity and. And so, so And so, so liberalism, maybe And so, so liberalism may be in it so, so liberalism may be in in. in a crisis a crisis moment. But the answer that is seems to be But the answer that is seems to being proposed. One more frequently is real. alism and alism. And while there are things about realism, that things about realism, that we take, we take very seriously. There's one feature of There's one feature of Western realism. That is how realism, that is highly unsuited realism, that is highly unsuited to grappling. with a post western world with a post western world and that's the fact that realism purports to be a historical reports to be. universe universal and universal, and yet at the same time, it is. s nothing happens in historical nothing happens in historical documents so sort of you know. that the American real that the American realist imaginary really begins in 1945 and the European real estate. imagined imagine I really begins in imagine I really begins in imagine I really begins and maybe imagine I really begins then maybe 1812 1648. and but in. Maybe 1812 1648 and but in a real estate world where other powers like you know declining Benjamin Russia are rising among China. Are your interlocutors Are your interlocutors. The International relations in this The International relations in this in this geopolitical sense this in this geopolitical sense begins with other influx begins with other inflection points. in which in which they encounter with in which they encounter with European Colonialism figures profoundly and continue profoundly and continues to inform not only serve institutional. trajectory trajectories, but also but also sort of a rally. ng cry ng cry for Joe ng cry for Justice and ng cry for Justice, and for worse ng cry for Justice, and for world Historical recognition of the. other of the pain that was visiting of the pain that was visited upon colonized peoples and upon colonized peoples and you know whether this this pain in this call for justice is about cynic this call for justice is about this call for justice is about cynically or not. It is one that is giving track. ction to say China ction to say, Chinese negotiations with counterparts in other parts of the world where they may be safe where they may be safe where they may be seeking some, you know, the same contracts you contractors this weekend. to be brought back in. to be brought back in. here the challenge seems to be here the challenge seems to be that in many com. licts licts, then you're opening night licts than Europe in the United States, the history that has been brought back in, is not a retrospective reflexive. critic critical history that critical history that understands sort of. f how, how to how pathways of mutual constitution. in the world but rather so in the world but rather a sort of a reified civilizations history. that is That is kind of reinventing. g friend and fall for g friend in full for a post g friend in full for a post Western era. And so we can talk about that more in about that more in the q amp a about that more in the q amp a but. our solution to this is too our solution to this is too our solution to this is to is to not our solution to this is to is to not ignore history, in order to essentially. on to this is to is to not essentially histories deposit, you know, during civilization Rivalries and conflict, but and conflict, but rather just too. draw on the inside draw on the insights of draw on the insights of. f porcelain again give it to address f was going to do is to address the questions that you asked us how. How has the world's center. with the with the world center of gravity with the world center of gravity shifting. Is he ready or even shifting. Is he ready or even soon shifting. Is he ready or even suited to the discussion about those colonialism, what is the decentralization and how can we you do it, because this is our answer. And so to develop that this so to develop that essentially an agenda. as I said As I said, we draw inspiration from a As I said, we draw inspiration from a rich corpus of post from a rich corpus of postcolonial thinkers and many clusters that email. erged adoring erged during, and after that erged during and after the formal during and after the formal colonial era. there's an app There's an Afro Caribbean and pen There's an Afro Caribbean and pan African. cluster of thought. which anti racist. things thinking in the United States in the United States. sense at least the Civil War. There is also a. cluster cluster well, well cluster well well known cluster of postcolonial Critique. of postcolonial Critique. e, or articulated or articulated by. by are made famous by Edward by are made famous by Edward Snowden, although he was actually kind of amalgamating of money. ritic ritics have a ritics have a European culture have a European colonialism. sm, in, in the middle sm, in in. There is of course of alton studies There is of course of alton studies. and of course the globe perspective of course the globe perspective to increase the game. ning to track gly gaining traction, especially gaining traction, especially among. high Hi quite profound in among profound indigenous think among profound in business among profound in business thinkers like Linda toys Smith. h, and the work of a number of lot h, and the work of a number of latin American thinkers, on how to latin American thinkers, on how latin American thinkers, on how from the more you know from the more you know to the business experience for business experience for genocidal. experience experience of your experience of your green colonialism, and these insights with channel to into with channel to until IR bye with channel to until IR by vectors. Bye. political postcolonial people postcolonial people on the IR also also there is critical approaches and historical sociological approaches. that a given rise to flourish in sort of rise to flourish in sort of subfield, but it's been called Global IR plus plus tonight. I are since the two I are since the 2010 and I are since the 2010, and will be essentially tried to do, or we l be essentially tried to do, or we were working simultaneously and kind of. of aligned organic of aligned organically with these of aligned organically with these approaches, is to import these insights into Europe insights into European studies, and insights into European studies, and then with this book chapter into. the study of European extra the study of European external action, although we do believe that any study of European next that any study of European next election. like that n, like that would be postcolonial like that would be postcolonial approach. also the interplay between. the next the next so it's not just about the central now better but also about recognizing about recognizing the postcolonial about recognizing the postcolonial others that have been. constituents constituents into the European project in the first place. project in the first place. So how do you do it well interplay between internal so it's not just about the centering out there but also about recognizing the postcolonial others that have been constituents into the European project in the first place. So how do you do it. Well there's two challenges one you have to overcome. had a lot of soul searching and. about the labels you use post about the labels you use postimperial postcolonial Is a post colonial with happened with post colonial with happened with post colonial with the hype and without a hyphen what is the. sort of the nuances that are in of the nuances that are involved in these different. entities these different things, but different things, but in effect. has to overcome. attend a tendency build institutions a tendency but institutionally and cognitively to reproduce pattern and cognitively to reproduce patterns of sort of colonial. al demonic behavior piece of us al demonic behavior piece of us the rest of the world, which as I've made the case, or both impure I've made the case, or both empirically and normatively empirically and normatively unsuited to A post western world unsuited to A post western world unsuited to A post western world, or. or. , and and in it , and and in in that confrontation and that reckoning one reckoning one confrontation and that reckoning wonderfully. y has epistemological away has epistemological awakenings. in which in which one is able to engage in which one is able to engage and better understand. d the way the world looks too d the way the world looks to, quote unquote, others but also to the others within. the postcolonial. constitutive others of the year others of the European project it others of the European project itself. And so that's sort of post this. transfer transcendence. And transcendence. And we can pursue this transcendence. And we can pursue this, and we basically sort of distilled. from postcolonial 33 from postcolonial 33 steps that you know proceed sequentially but they also ricochet off each other. r and and immediately reinforcing, you know reinforcing. And again, you know. e talk this. This talk is about European this, This talk is about European next election the book is about your next election but I've been using the term. you're Europe Europe and European printing Europe and European went interchangeably and in that context that would also plays Britain as well as they. a, this a this is a recognition this is a recognition that I think is also. o has purchased for the o has purchased for thinking about british Asians and about british Asians in a post Western world. So you prevent So you prevent that agency, you you prevent that agency, you engage. person person perspectives you engage world perspectives you engage world you engage world. The world views of others you engage The world views of others you engage the arguments of others you gaze the rationales about this and this and mistakes that others. And in the process, you ain't in the process you aim towards in the process you aim towards the reflective. of what we have. Hi of what we have called a multi line what we have called a multi logical. multiple registers multiple registers and multiple registers and attempt. pt in work that I'm currently pt in work that I'm currently developing with. h the was terrible fun Daniel h the was terrible fun Daniel Hooper, and David Ghazi, you we talked about this as the. he is a need for country is a need for contrapuntal listening. we list we listened to the. plurality of voices out there of voices out there on a given issue from Mike given issue from creation to. environmental Governance to environmental Governance to environmental Governance to gender environmental Governance to gender Policy litigious policy gender Policy litigious policy neighborhood. policy policy, and you policy, and you try and interpret policy, and you try and interpolate between these different perspectives. suggest that it's counter is that it's counter is not helpful. ul in pursuing your ul in pursuing your paper and Policy for a month or so Policy for a month or so in the book we then go on to show how. there was a more there was a multi logical opportunity lost in Utah al opportunity lost in you took relations for reasons that. t you know in a multi long t you know in a multi agency resides with multiple active so the folder is not active so the folder is not, you know, the. e EXclusively the US e EXclusively the US before EXclusively the US, but for various reasons. that I can that I can go into more detail in the q amp a that in the q amp a that you in Turkey. forfeited this known pathological you and Turkey forfeited this known pathological opportunity at the beginning of the 2000s. Migration governance is governance is a site where. multi logical list multi logical listening is still. fields of governance that I've. e set like it so that only e set like it so that I'll leave it at that for now. But it But in, you know, ultra But in, you know, ultimately, an But in, you know, ultimately, an answer to the question. on, is it possible postcollege is, postcolonial you. possible possible, you know, you know, perhaps possible, you know, you know, perhaps not in any sort of, you know. you know you know, ultimately satisfying you know, ultimately satisfying way but it is it is that journey way but it is it is that journey of reflects of the centering. and. and critically and empathetically critically and empathetically engaging plurality of engaging plurality of perspectives. that we contend that we can send it will serve you better in a post you better in a post in a non European and post Weston European and post Western world than a circle realism. or civilization retrenchment. Thank you very much, Nora. , that was very into that was very interesting. and rich rich and. blend blend of ideas in of ideas in there. Thank you. My pleasure. Thank you. can thank you can thank you for can thank you for a very interesting discussion of a spot. interesting discussion of a spot. spark and convert spark, and congratulations on spark, and congratulations on a very useful book, especially in terms of showing students how they can use a variety of things they can use a variety of theories and approaches. to analyze. your external your external action I've already included the book I've already included the book and my required reading list for my course on the EU and the world. , and I think some of the students , and I think some of the students are in the audience live in students are in the audience live and certainly will will be watching the recorded version of watching the recorded version of this. So the book. Right here I too. verybody kind of a verybody kind of a copy of it right here. The book later The book later The book lays out an ambitious at The book lays out an ambitious attempt to delineate and consolidate. a separate a separate field of study a separate field, a study called External action studies External action studies. The editors define it editors define external action is wider. than just foreign policy though than just foreign policy though than just foreign policy though . I personally would quibble with . I personally would quibble with the rather narrow definition of foreign policy that they use. but they can but they convinced me demonstrate that the study of us demonstrate that the study of external action is not a theoretical desert, as some Scholars as some Scholars have argued. in fact in fact they show that the literal in fact they show that the literature is reaching concepts approaches and theories that help approaches and theories that help us to understand and analyze you. external external Policies and I think external Policies and I think the book makes a huge contribution to bringing together such wealth and showing explicit wealth and showing explicitly, especially for students how varied especially for students how various approaches concepts and theories can be used to analyze. theories can be used to analyze. e you external action you external action. The editors go even further. however. , and you put the , and you put the chat thing is just popped up. center rs go even further in rs go even further and argue and argue that the study of you. ernal action is on it ernal action is on its way to becoming a distinct discipline becoming a distinct discipline. But its own specialist knowledge its own specialist knowledge and terminology. approach approaches and theories and instead approaches and theories and institutionalization the scholarly calm community. They argue that Scholars argue that Scholars working in argue that Scholars working in this field. this field. for now to now seek to combine various now seek to combine various concepts and approaches. This is a bold agenda thought This is a bold agenda thought provoking one and my comments and questions. with us going with us going to focus mostly on the us going to focus mostly on the rationale for. or and desirability ability or and desirability of this le of questions to norris le of questions to norris specifically about her Co author chapter in the book on postcolonial approaches to you postcolonial approaches to your external action. First, however, I did First, however, I did want to can't resist wanted to note that can't resist wanted to note that the book, the book focuses largely and explaining and and it largely and explaining and analyzing EU external action and analyzing EU external action. It is of course natural to It is of course natural to focus on outcomes. But what about on outcomes. But what about you external In action external Inaction external Inaction. After all, many observers of the EU have repeatedly notice. EU have repeatedly notice. that limits and up to us that limits enough to obstacles to eat collective action where to eat collective action. Where are the explanations of the lack of you influence in this globe lack of you influence in this global. multi polar multi polar world, how did multi polar world, how did these fit into you, external x these fit into you, external action studies and should we not include more and should we not include more analysis of the EU as not as analysis of the EU as not a superpower about its policy fail. lures, about it's fairly lures, about its failure to act in the first place, or in the first place. Or should we also include the image Or should we also include the emerging research agenda on D Europeanization or what I have call call Europeanization or what I have called arrested. Europe Europeanization in the field name in the field name this field. So my first question I guess would So my first question I guess would be just to probe you on how central you view analyses of you how central you view analyses of you in action in this field. Now on to the issue of the wide Now on to the issue of the wider agenda the book which is ambitious and bold console ambitious and bold consolidating and extending an entire so. arate arate discipline of EU arate discipline of EU external action studies now action studies. Now is there not a contradiction at the heart of this agenda, you're at the heart of this agenda, you're calling for the incorporation of non EU. pursue perspectives for these perspectives for the century, Dc perspectives for the century, centering, while at the same time. arguing arguing that there is in fact a set that there is in fact a separate field of each. of eU external actions eU external actions in one we need to. we need to emancipate. te ourselves as te ourselves as euro in ourselves as euro enthusiasts. s from other now s from other neighboring disk from other neighboring disciplines. that and in other words this needs to constitute. e and Co e and Consolidate itself even for e and Consolidate itself even further as a distinct field. below Building disciplinary bound Building disciplinary boundaries or walls, as we could. call it call that has not trust call that has not traditionally been conducive to open this to us been conducive to open this to other ways of thinking about a field of study. And as I was thinking about your broader agenda. I remember to broader agenda. I remember to comment by david Allen by the late David Allen many many years ago and some coffee years ago and some conference or seminar, or. another And he quipped that And he quipped, that there were more people studying, you for more people studying, you foreign policy, then practicing it. it. Now there is clearly a vibe Now there is clearly a vibrant community of Scholars studying uX uX community of Scholars studying external actions, and the most. biggest biggest proponents of this biggest proponents of this, or in proponents of this are in fact in this. zoom Room. But I sometimes wonder whether But I sometimes wonder whether we are rather overstating the import we are rather overstating the we are rather overstating the importance of EU external action in the wider international content. ntext, but the empirical ntext, but the empirical reality and the scholarly community. After all, you external actions all, you external action studies is really the. the study of only one part the study of only one part of what only one international or what only one international organization does, is there organization does. Is there enough going. ng on empirically to ng on empirically to justify delineating entire field delineating entire field of study entire field of study. is tricky. y. And I just going to use internet y. And I just going to use y. And I just going to use international relations because international relations because this has been on my mind. Quite a lot recently. there There is some discussion in fact There is some discussion in fact as to whether international relations is actually discipline or just a field of study. study. We've recently been trying study. We've recently been study. We've recently been trying to hire a number of new colleagues on the head of department so this is why this is on my mind. and my and many of the applicants were and many of the applicants were actually bewildered by the exists actually bewildered by the existence of a separate international relations department at the LSC. wearing were in most universities in most universities IR Scott. holars holars or small minority holars or small minority within in a larger political science at a larger political science department. I would respond and defend would respond and defend the existing. tence obviously I think that's the tence obviously I think that's you know that's my job, defend the you know that's my job, defend the existence of a separate international relations Department. building on numerous discipline on numerous disciplines and is. on numerous disciplines and is. ere's all the ere's all the Richer for it, it isn't ere's all the Richer for it, it isn't just political science or international law or history or sociology and so on. So it doesn't. 't doesn't belong in a political 't doesn't belong in a political 't doesn't belong in a political science department anyway. however However, I can see how the existence of a separate IR department generate some curious department generate some curious department generate some curiosity or even. skepticism there skepticism. There are in fact people who might argue that a folk people who might argue that a focus on iR as its own discipline focus on iR as its own focus on iR as its own discipline generates an inward looking for. cus that distracts us that distracts us from engaging with interesting. avenues avenues of inquiry about avenues of inquiry about avenues of inquiry about all things international that occur. else Elsewhere in other disciplines Elsewhere in other disciplines. In other words, defining a discipline can actually be better discipline can actually be very exclusive. right excluding. other other other cons other concepts approaches in theory other concepts approaches and theories from neighboring theories from neighboring disciplines are fields of study disciplines are fields that studies. So I would sort of just I would sort of it just strikes me that you. me that you. extra extra external action studies covers external action studies covers a very narrow sliver of contemporary very narrow sliver of contemporary International contemporary International relations foreign policy analysis and he studies, it's not, it's you've also said he not, it's you've also said he you studies. money not even European even European studies suggest the study of one suggest the study of one organization in this on this continent on continent. Should we not instead be Should we not instead be thinking of the EU and the study of its external action in terms of what these things terms of what these things are instances. of it. iE Cooperation or integrate iE Cooperation or integration or bureaucratic politics or policy failure and learning, or whatever. but in other words the EU is in other words the EU is just something that is happening in the something that is happening in the world. And there might be other things that are happening that are similar or the EU that are similar or that you might in fact be so. me sort of unique weird sort of unique weird. Shiny City on a hill. hill, I wouldn't go that far though hill, I wouldn't go that far though. But should we often not seek to But should we often not seek to put the study of the external action into more of a comparative action into more of a comparative perspective. But there are any other side But there I shot across the bow. If we If we are to compare for If we are to compare for example the African Union and the European Union and then classify this study is part of it. art of EU external studies art of EU external studies, action study seems to me to defeat the attempt not to view defeat the attempt not to view things in the euro manner. So, you know, in other words So, you know, in other words, I. am. descend drum Do you think do center and view things from a much more global perspective. So I would just you know what I would just you know what what. is it is it, what's the justifications is it, what's the justifying is it, what's the justifying what you think. So question to to the editors, what is the just to the editors, what is the justification and the desirability. desirability. of time of trying to delineate a separate trying to delineate a separate. delineate delineate and defend a separate field field delineate and defend a separate field of study called you external action studies. meant Mentor nora. I really liked the chapter and how you showed how you are how you showed how you were centrism pervades you policies. towards turkey in the medical towards turkey in the mediterranean region. what I was reading the chapter. and I know not, not necessarily what you just presented to us but this is the chapter in the book, I thought a Robert Cox's decades old thought a Robert Cox's decades old article on it. purpose purposes of theory and when purposes of theory, in which he distinguishes between problem solving and critical theory, and I theory. And I wonder if in that chapter And I wonder if in that chapter in particular how you view the post colonial. posts post colonial approach post colonial approach because I detected quite emerging of problem solving and Critical thing problem solving and Critical theory, and other words. Do we need a post colonial. approach approach because it reveals what because it reveals what may be dry. iving you policy, so iving you policy. So you might be explained I got the x So you might be explained I got the explanation of how. we are we are in the mess that we are in in with a you Turkey relations, I think, you know, showed how you could use a critical thing could use a critical theory to show where. we how we have we how we have gotten to where we are gone. However, you guys we are gone. However you guys take it a little bit further, and you argue that I should. there's a problem solving thing there's a problem solving, there's a problem solving, things going on here as well in terms of giving us terms of giving advice to Policy of giving advice to Policymakers or showing what the influx or showing what the implication being meeting to talk to Policy. makers makers showing the implications makers showing the implications of that policy so that they. y can improve posts y can improve policy which would include imply there for that the approach is actually problem solving. g one not one. Not, not a kind of soul Not, not a kind of slowly critical one. So my question is, you know So my question is you know why my question is, you know, why do we need to post. colonial colonial approach because we want to do better policy. or bit or because we actually want to us because we actually want to understand. d and analyze how we've got d and analyze how we've gotten into the message that we have gotten into, thus far. And then just one final then just one final cheeky question. on to Nora then on to Nora then on sort of on to Nora then on sort of if we do think that this is all about Policy. advisor advice to Policymakers on how policymakers on how to deal with everyone. From this sort of De escalate From this sort of D postcolonial per this sort of D postcolonial perspective. So anyway, at the very cheeky you might not have a. it might it might not have a ready it might not have a ready answer anything but it did just kind of. anything but it did just kind of. bring bring you know factors bring you know that just came to mind, because I would they address nd, because like a world would be addressing policymakers are scholars, but anyway, I live. that to you that to you, but very, you know, obviously but very, you know, obviously very thought provoking book because I have been provoked because I have been provoked into into. thinking thinking much more carefully about what you guys. with the with the with the broader agenda that's that's there so congratulations that's there so congratulations on that. Thanks. Thank you very much, Kevin Thank you very much, Kevin. unconscious I'm conscious that we're taking the conscious that we're taking the debates in. a sort of a sort of a point in a cadet a sort of a point in a cadet a sort of a point in academic direction, and if you don't mind direction, and if you don't mind direction, and if you don't mind. I liked I'd like to steer it also I'd like to steer it. Also, in a, you know. in a different in a different direction. with it and. taking taking the it taking the a couple of questions from the a couple of questions from the audience. then than opening again for it than opening again for it opening again for it further around. nd of questions from the nd of questions from the nd of questions from the audience of questions from the audience. The first one is. The first one is to, you know. sign side simon and signaling that because simon and signaling that because clearly you have read because clearly you have read all these beautiful. Chuck Chapters and all the Chapters and all the examples that Chapters and all the examples that they make. And I wonder what they might be. And I wonder what they might be. paused possible for you to sort possible for you to sort of the signal. al to us, but you know what to us, b