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[Music] well the European Union and its member states have been working on educational reforms for many many years now and the role of the Union there is not of course to make decisions in the place of the national authorities but to try to support them in making those reforms by helping them understand the issues better by seeing what's possible on the basis of experience of other countries and to help them measure the progress that we're making and of course in order to do that we work very closely with other international organizations like the OECD but despite the fact that we've been working for many years on these issues we still face big challenges in Europe and probably the biggest of those is inequality it's surprising in some ways because Europe has some of the most equal societies in the world and yet we still face very significant problems in terms of the number of young people who leave school early about 1 in 10 people leave school without any qualifications we have far too many young people who have very poor skills in mathematics and science and in in literacy and one of the most painful things is that it's the socio-economic background of our young people which is by far the strongest determinant of their educational outcomes so we see this in schools but we also see it even in higher education where despite the fact that we've increased enormously the number of young people in Europe who have higher education qualifications still we find that it's the people from more difficult backgrounds who either don't have access to higher education or who don't succeed so that means that we have to rethink our education systems from our early childhood education through primary and secondary school our vocational training all the way through to higher education in order to make sure that every child whatever their background has the same chances to succeed and the European Union can help of course by providing a forum for the exchange of ideas of good practice of policies which we know work and this is one of the infuriating things is that we know what works but sometimes we don't know how to implement those reforms on the ground but there is experience and we can all learn from that but we can also help by providing financial assistance both through the structural funds which provide billions of euros in terms of support for reforms in education the European Social Fund for example which has a budget of 27 billion euros which it will be spent up till 2020 used to be spent mainly on retraining for the unemployed and now the vast bulk of that goes on school education we also have the European Fund for strategic investment which is increasingly being able to support the development of infrastructure in the education field and that's a very very welcome development and finally of course I have to mention the erasmus+ programme which this year is celebrating its 30th anniversary and which enables not only the mobility of young people from universities and schools and vocational training but also serious cooperation projects between education practitioners in different countries so that it can really change the way they teach on the ground to improve the educational outcomes for all our young people