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the European Parliament the European Commission the European Court of Auditors the European Court of Justice any piece Brussels pass book breaks it the EU seems really complicated it's made up of 7 EU institutions and even more lower-level bodies spread out over 4 countries with hundreds of buildings and employees traveling back and forth to make it even more confusing two of these institutions sound the same and sit in the same building while having different functions the European Council not to be confused with the Council of the EU which is also known colloquially as Council of Ministers confused yet tell me about it this complexity is one of the reasons why some experts say many Europeans are indifferent about EU politics one and half of them didn't even vote in the last European elections but the EU and especially its laws are important it represents roughly half a billion people spread over 28 countries take that in for a second the EU doesn't just make laws that affect these people from what they can buy at supermarkets to where they can live many of these laws also have an impact on the rest of the world think agriculture food standards trade agreements that are protection consumer rights climate change migration so let me break down for you how are you peon law actually gets proposed and voted on who's involved and why it's so complex because of course there's a reason for that in order for 28 different nations to agree on common rules and regulations with everyone having a fair share and say a complex system had to be established that grew more and more so the more nations joined the union by design the EU was organized in a way to create checks and balances and make sure that no one not one country or institution or person has all of the power so when it comes to lawmaking here's how that was done it all starts with the European Council that's the institution it gets to decide on the general direction and the priorities of the you this is what the leaders of all EU Member States so think makka makka sanchez need together with the President of the European Council currently the sky here dohno chose to set the political agenda of the EU next the political agenda has passed on to the European Commission this is the main organization and the EU that proposes new laws but cannot bother them that's important it's another way of diverting power there are 28 commissioners each members day it gets to a point one to represent them another measure to reinforce checks and balances together with the president of the Commission currently jean-claude Yuka these commissioners debate which lost they think should be passed once the commissioners have agreed on a lot I'd like to propose it gets Hannah to to other EU institutions the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union these are the only two institutions within the EU that get to adopt laws most of the time together sometimes alone it depends I told you it's complicated but I'll walk you through it so bear with me let's start with the European Parliament it's the second biggest Parliament in the world and it's the only organization within the EU where representatives or any piece are directly elected by the European people every five years each member state gets a fixed number of any piece proportional to their population the most important task is to debate and vote on last suggested by the Commissioner from a ban on single-use plastics to limits to banker bonuses capping the price of mobile phone calls within the EU and the safety of e-cigarettes but here's the catch even if the MEP s agree Allah should be passed they cannot do it alone they do so in what's called a coalition with the Council of the European Union this is the institution where the governments of the EU member states have their say and defend their national interests the council is comprised of the national ministers of each member state for example the Minister for environment agriculture and fisheries or justice and Home Affairs in the vast majority of cases Allah can only pass of both the European Parliament and the council agree it should be adopted why yep you got it checks and balances okay deep breath you've almost made it to the end well done three more institutions to talk about there's the European Court of Justice basically the EU Supreme Court it's comprised of one judge from each member state I don't have to do the whole checks and balances thing again I think you get it by now right they make sure countries and EU institutions abide by you law there's also the European Central Bank which is based in Frankfurt to symbolise its independence from political control and there's the European Court of but both of these institutions deal with money I shall applause so I won't bother you with details so what have we learned today well that there are a lot of EU institutions in different cities with different roles and functions some set the agenda at as proposed new laws others would own them and others still make sure they're being followed but it's this complex structure that makes it less likely that one country institution or person can become too dominant so it may be hard to keep up with who's doing what and who's in charge but that's exactly the point in the end it's all about consensus and then times like these isn't that an achievement in itself