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I want to thank you very much for coming uh this noon hour if you haven't had a chance to go ahead and get some snacks please do so back uh we're very honored today to have a visit uh from Mexico uh uh by a colleague from the univ Latina America in Melia m in central Mexico Our Guest today is myestro enri FES Flores uh and in the past uh uh few weeks uh Enrique and I have been collaborating together through a program in the school of histri philosopy religion to create a bational learning community so students from uh the OSU peace studies program have been taking a class on peace and conflict in the Americas and they have been meeting or have started meeting with students from unla andri students in Morelia mitan over video teleconferencing to discuss common themes in films that we've been watching having to do with peace and conflict in the ticas and uh in September I had uh the honor to be able to go to unla to meet some of the students to talk a little bit about the programs that we offer here at OSU and to talk a little bit about the study of peace and what that means and we had a very rich uh uh conversation there with many of the faculties uh at unla about further ways in which we can collaborate uh between the United States and Mexico and talking about ways in which we can enrich the experience of our students to provide uh opportunities for global citizenship and problem solving on an international scale so we've invited uh Professor uh uh for this to come and to share with him us a little bit of his uh experiences in Mexico and particularly to talk about his uh knowledge of higher education in Mexico uh the challenges and also the opportunities so uh Professor Flores is full-time faculty uh of interdisciplinary studies at the University of Latina America uh he received his bachelor's degree there uh at unla and he went back to his all mod to teach and did post graduate work in Mexico City and has a master's degree in organizational psychology so uh I want to uh make sure that we give him a welcome this is his first time to Oregon uh not to the United States but to Oregon uh and he's told me that he thinks uh the campus so far that he's seen he got in late last night uh is extremely beautiful so why don't we go ahead and please welcome uh Professor uh uh so thank you for that introduction Joseph uh I I am actually very grateful and very impressed with your campus you have a beautiful campus and uh be a beautiful uh environment H you know it's it's very very nice to be here and well I am here to talk to you about higher education in Mexico which is uh a field that I work in I would like to First give you an overview of uh how we how we manage uh higher education and in Mexico and then talk about some current issues that uh are happening involving uh University students first of all I would like to say that uh one of our main issues is access access to higher education as as you can as you can see in the slide uh in the '90s 12 out of 100 people between the age of 19 and 23 had access to higher education that is really low like in a country like like Mexico we are mostly uh uh young people uh between between those those ages so uh it's not a it's not a very good number uh higher education was was not a was not an option for the majority of the population in the '90s and well that thing changed during the um during the the the 21st century of what we have uh transited in the in the 21st century currently one out of five people between those ages has access to higher education however this is a tricky number because uh as we can imagine people in the big cities like ldf which is the federal district uh the the the largest city in Meo or guara or the metropolitan areas have obviously more access to higher education than young people in let's say uh chapas or uh the the the the the smaller places in Mexico it's uh even though uh we are now between the between the the the 20 and the 23 percentage of access to higher education in in Mexico is very unequal and well I would like to show you uh an overview of our system as I said we have uh well I will I will translate for you the the all of the subsystems that that we have we have uh public Federal universities uh state federal universities public uh technological institutes uh public poly Technic University uh public uh technological universities public Intercultural universities uh this is this is a new a new trend also we are trying to rescue our tradition and we are trying to make higher education programs that include the the indigenous cultures as well so in higher education we now have uh programs that teach in Native languages which is uh which is a a very uh um very emerging Trend right now but uh it's getting bigger as we are realizing the the value that these programs these programs have to uh the preservation of our culture uh we also have a public Institution for uh teachers formation we call them the normales these are the places where you go if you want to be an elementary school teacher or a preschool teacher or a physical education teacher you go to a school that is called La normal and uh the normales have their own issues as we will uh see uh further in the presentation we have uh private institutions as the one I work in the University Latina America and we have uh private Institution for institutions for uh teachers formation we have also uh public research centers and we also have well other public institutions like uh there are some uh government instances that offer uh formation programs in higher education so uh there we we we have it the the the statistics that we have uh on on our country and here you can see is the the the number of students enrolled uh at that time this is a 2006 report yeah we have uh like 2 million and a half young people studying in higher education which is uh very low considering that uh we are now a country of uh almost 10 million people and of that a very high percentage is young people uh in with an appropriate age to study uh higher education so that's a very low percentage and this has come to uh uh a phenomenon that is that is taking place right now in our countries this is uh a very a very huge social issues social issue right now because uh there are young people who neither study nor work not because they are lazy and they are like well I'm not going to study I I I'm going to sit home and play video games all day it's not the case it's because they don't have the opportunities to do either of them the Nini word is yeah no neither neither study nor work yeah and that is why the NIS are I would like to to to present to you uh a video with uh a little explanation of of this phenomenon so uh we can see why we have so so many of these uh NIS oh I'm going to I'm going to stop a little so you can read the introduction e speee for foree for for for for for for for this video is from a protest that took place last year uh because a lot of St a lot of aspirants to higher education made the admissions test in universities in big universities like uh UNAM and The Institute of poly Technic and the University of metropolitana but most of them uh because of the capacity of these institutions were rejected and then given uh some other options like uh well you wanted to be a lawyer or you wanted to to study civil engineering uh all that the system can offer you is to study in this little Institute we just created and all you can study is maybe uh technician in uh cleaning outo parts and there and they were like what I don't want that uh I I want the the the the the the career or the major I I signed up for and that became a problem because uh all of the institutions I showed you in this uh slide they can't cover the demand of higher education so there are uh a lot of young people that don't have access to higher education because the ones those who get rejected and have the money to do so will go to a private institution but those who don't have the money to go to a private institution may have to work but we also have an unemployment issue in Mexico so there is enough work so they end up doing uh nothing for a while and that's why they they uh protest and they demand education well another movement has I I knew you you will get that have you heard about the movement I am 132 have you heard about it no well I'm going to give you a a a video introduction to it also this was a very famous and viral video uh in Mexico last year because as you may know we had an election year and things got a little heavy well do you know who Enrique P who is he Mexico that's right he is now El president of Mexico back then back in May 2012 he wasn't he was uh the main presidential candidate but he was very criticized by Society because uh a lot of people saw him as a media friendly candidate they called them the the telisa the telisa candidate or the telisa president uh telisa is our largest TV network so uh it has a lot of influence unfortunately I might say uh it has a lot of influence on people's uh way of thinking and uh Enrique Pano was very criticized for being a aligned with uh telisa like he his uh he was like uh Wella I'm going to give you uh all the Privileges to continue being uh the the largest television network and expand all of your domains as long as you talk good things about me and a lot of uh people uh including University students uh were aware of this situation like and and they said like well we we don't want this this President we we deserve better like we we don't need uh media manipulated president nor a a media manipul at by the president so uh when candidate Enrique Pano went to which is uh one of the most important private institutions in Mexico uh he got booed he got booed and uh students were yelling things at him like uh we don't want you uh rero assassino because of some of his uh political uh history events so uh it was it was a very bitter conference to him that day and then the people people from his party were like uh well what happened at the univers io Americana doesn't matter because the ones that boo candidate Pano weren't even students they were uh people from other political parties that were there to sabotage the event so the student uh made a a video reply doing this there is the booing foreign foree spee fore speee how many are there so far oh you didn't count well uh they they were 131 students holding their Evo credential and saying I'm not in any political party I did that booing because I wanted to because that's the way I think and uh that was a very powerful thing a very powerful uh event and video that then originated the Jo movement inspired by these IO students uh that led to some uh protests uh in mostly in Mexico City but that were replicated in many cities around Mexico and it was very very powerful and very inspiring I have to say uh for people to see these uh universi students stand for themselves and uh protest against something they don't believe in like they are not uh they are not uh uh how do you say indifferent in apathetic indifference apathetic yeah about what is happening to their country they are willing to get involved and to be listen so uh as you as you can see this is uh who can translate this discard I am pretty but not stupid yeah yeah exactly like uh they were they were uh getting involved in this protest even uh it it got to the to to some uh J people that were representing Mexico at the can film festival they were holding their their um their signs of they are at the Red Carpet in in can film festival and uh in New York anywhere there were mexic students there was uh instance so it was very powerful it was very uh very moving but then we also have the students from the teacher forming institutions the ones uh I I told you earlier the normal schools and here is the problem when uh one student goes into a normal school to say uh he he wants to be a physics physical education uh teacher and uh he enrolls he takes all all of the courses and when he finishes the school he is Promised a lifetime job no subject to evaluation with uh with a a retirement uh period uh that is uh very very short is like like uh 30 years like if you if you uh if you finish school by 23 and you work for 30 years you can be retired at 15 three with no problem yeah but the uh the Norms regarding education are are changing and the new Norms are pretend are are trying or attempting to evaluate teachers in their uh professional capacities and teaching abilities and every like every every teacher every normalist teacher is concerned about it because they they they are they are very worried like well I'm not have a I'm not going to have my lifetime job when when I graduate are they going to question my work and what they are doing is also so protesting against these reforms but uh in some places these protests are not very peaceful as the protest these students are uh are taking the streets but they also are take are doing some very question question able actions like uh in Mexico uh we have our our road system you get to a to a to a cetta and pay your fee to Transit a road these students were taking the cettas and when you got there in your car they said well this this Saida uh usually has a fee of 150 pesos give me 100 and I'll let you pass and they were uh and they were uh taking that money for themselves not for for for anything else that that we know they were taking the the streets in Morelia where I come from they were taking the the the main streets like just putting uh barricades so so cars uh couldn't pass in the in the Main Street and they just played soccer in the Main Street and all of all of the people were we were like what is what is happening this this cannot be possible this these people these students cannot be taken serious to teach uh children so uh it's it's a problem that is uh still going on and that is uh very very uh very worrying to us as as uh as the m and the Mexican population in general and also well as as you as you may not as you may know we have a lot of issues in Mexico we have a beautiful country but we have a lot of issues that uh universities are are are working on yeah the university is a place where one can develop uh professional and personal cap capacities to be able to go out to the world and help uh solve a problem in a very planned in a very strategic way yeah so we have a lot of work to do about that in Mexico we have poverty organized crime corruption discrimination Unemployment uh health and nutrition we we have uh a very large percentage of obesity uh we have uh ecological damage because we are not taking care properly of the beautiful land we have so uh universities are try are are attempting to prepare students to do so but how how successful can University is be if they are not capable of offering all of the young people the same opportunities that is maybe a question we we we we might not be able to answer in in in in this room at this time but it's a question that is just lying there how far can the universe unities work can can go and well some challenges for the for higher education in Mexico are these ones to academic to academically approach and diagnose current social needs to design and operate academic programs that are pertinent to those needs to promote communitary intervention amongst students to assure the development of personal of personal abilities in their Prof Professional Profile uh to grow carefully this is a very important one to grow carefully we we might not need uh a lot of uh new schools like new schools for what or based on what we need to plan as a society what do we need what professionals do we do we need for our current social issues uh and then have a growth but a growth in a in a very planned pattern that responds to those uh social need and to to slowly begin to cover a larger percentage of the population that is eligible to study higher educ a higher education program and to stimulate art and culture to preserve our tradition and promote creativity and Sensibility this is a very important one this is uh this is mostly uh in the hands of the teachers well all of them we can say they are responsibilities of Institutions but they are also a responsibility for us teachers to prepare students to go out there and to face an environment that may not be as friendly as they think teaching in a in a private school in Mexico the general mentality is I'm going to study Administration or I'm going to study international business because I want to have a very profitable job because I want to have a very successful professional career but uh most of the students don't think about their environment and the social needs that their environment has so uh it's a job for us teachers to sensibilize them about uh what they are about face when they when they graduate and also a job for us to promote reflection and to uh to share our experience with them in a way that we could help them to get uh to to give more to the society that is the that is the main um the main function of universities and and teacher and teachers and also the main challenge so in conclusion building a better Mexican society that is more capable of facing its issues requires the active part participation of higher education institutions and their teachers and we are working very hard on that thank you very much