Fill and Sign the Pest Control Quotation Format PDF

December 2002 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS CLASS 714, ERROR DETECTION/CORRECTION AND FAULT DETECTION/RECOVERY 706, SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION 707, This class provides for process or apparatus for detecting and correcting errors in electrical pulse or pulse coded data. This class also provides for process or apparatus for detecting and recovering from faults in electrical computers and digital data processing systems, as well as logic level based systems. SECTION II CLASSES - REFERENCES TO OTHER SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for process and apparatus for measuring, testing or sensing of electric properties or measuring, testing or sensing of nonelectric properties by electric means. 341, Coded data Generation or Conversion, appropriate subclasses for process and apparatus utilizing electrical pulse coding techniques without error correcting/detecting functions for the generating or conversion of coded data. 358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, appropriate subclasses for process and apparatus for testing and performance monitoring of facsimile devices. 365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 200 and 201, for process and apparatus including the specifics of memory devices which are tested for defects or erroneous information. 370, Multiplex Communications, appropriate subclasses for process and apparatus for measuring and testing part of a multiplex system. 375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclasses 213 and 224 - 228 for process and apparatus for testing pulse or digital communication systems. 379, Telephonic Communications, subclasses 1.01 through 33 for process and apparatus for testing of telephone circuits. 455, Telecommunications, appropriate subclasses for process and apparatus for measuring, testing and monitoring of telecommunication systems. 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 726, 714 - 1 Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence, subclasses 1+ for fuzzy logic, subclasses 15+ for neural networks and subclasses 45+ for knowledge processing systems. Data Processing: Database, Data Mining, and File Management or Data Structures, 609 through 686 for database maintenance including synchronizing, archiving, backing up and recovering databases, subclasses 758 through 780 for record, file and data search and comparison, and subclasses 687 through 704 for data integrity in databases. Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating, appropriate subclasses for process and apparatus for computer arithmetic circuits. Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer Data Transferring or Plural Processor Synchronization, appropriate subclasses for multiple computer or computer process systems. Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output, appropriate subclasses for process and apparatus for computer input or output systems. Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, subclasses 133+ for entry replacement strategies and page fault recovery, and subclasses 161+ for data archiving. Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing(e.g., processors), appropriate subclasses for process and apparatus for computer structure and program execution systems. Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support, appropriate subclasses for process and apparatus for computer cases, housing and supports. Information Security, subclasses 1 through 36 for information security in computers or digital processing system. SECTION III - GLOSSARY BUS A conductor used for transferring data, signals or power. COMPUTER A machine that inputs data, processes data, stores data, and outputs data. December 2002 Edition 714 - 2 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS DATA Representation of information in a coded manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing. ADDRESS DATA December 2002 A functional unit to which data can be stored and from which data can be retrieved. PERIPHERAL A functional unit that transmits data to or receives data from a computer to which it is coupled. Data that represent or identify a source or destination. PROCESSING INSTRUCTION DATA Data that represent an operation and identify its operands, if any. STATUS DATA Methods or apparatus performing systematic operations upon data or information exemplified by functions such as data or information transferring, merging, sorting, and computing (i.e., arithmetic operations or logical operations). (1) Data that represent conditions of data, digital data processing systems, computers, peripherals, memory, etc. USER DATA Data other than address data, instruction data, or status data. DATA PROCESSING Note. In this class, the glossary term data is used to modify processing in the term data processing; whereas the term digital data processing system refers to a machine performing data processing. PROCESSOR A functional unit that interprets and executes instruction data. See PROCESSING, below. RECOVERY DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM An arrangement of processor(s) in combination with either memory or peripherals, or both, performing data processing. Responding to a fault in a system by either returning a system to a previous level of correct operation, achieving a degraded level of correct operation, or safely shutting down the system. ERROR SECURITY Manifestation of a fault as an undesired event that occurs when actual behavior deviates from the behavior that is required by initial specification. This includes a change in information content of pulse or pulse coded data to a state or value other than the normal state or value of a properly operating device or system. Extent of protection for system hardware, software, or data from maliciously caused destruction, unauthorized modification, or unauthorized disclosure. SUBCLASSES 1 FAULT A flaw in a functional unit (hardware or software). INFORMATION Meaning that a human being assigns to data by means of the conventions applied to that data. MEMORY 1 December 2002 Edition Reliability and availability: This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter further including means or steps for increasing a probability of correctly performing services (e.g., data processing) throughout a time interval, given correct performance at the beginning of the interval, or for increasing the probability of correctly performing services at any given instant. December 2002 (1) CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 746+, for data error detection and correction of general utility. Note. Reliability features in a data processing control system are classified elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 746+, for data error detection and correction, and fault detection and recovery. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 380, Cryptography, subclass 4 for stored digital data access or copy prevention in combination with data encryption; e.g., software program protection or computer virus detection in combination with data encryption. 700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications, subclasses 79 through 82 for reliability features in a data processing generic control system. 2 SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 711, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, subclasses 133+ for entry replacement strategies and page fault recovery. 3 Note. Classification here requires significant data processing features claimed. For fault recovery in a system without significant data processing method or apparatus, classification is elsewhere. See the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS and SEE OR SEARCH CLASS notes below. By masking or reconfiguration: This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery by selecting a correct output from a concurrently active redundant functional unit in place of the output of the failed functional unit, or by replacing or isolating the failed functional unit. (1) Fault recovery: This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter further including means or steps for responding to a failure by either returning a system to a previous level of correct operation, achieving a degraded level of correct operation, or safely shutting down the system after detecting the error or locating the fault. (1) 714 - 3 Note. This subclass is for fault recovery by masking or reconfiguration in combination with significant data processing. Generic fault recovery is classified elsewhere. See the SEE OR SEARCH CLASS notes below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 825, for fault recovery by replacing or isolating the failed functional unit not provided for elsewhere. 4.1 Of network: This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery from nodal failure at a network level. (1) (2) (3) Note. “Page faults” are a species of faults peculiar to memory accessing and are classified elsewhere in this class. See the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS notes below. Note. This subclass is for the recovery and integration of the processing within the node itself, as opposed to the data flow/routing of the network via a communication channel. This subclass definition specifically states that it handles the failure of the processing aspects of the node, and not the impact on the network itself. (2) Note. Subject matter that involves hardware devices such as switches to re-route communications in the multiplex environment are classified elsewhere. Note. Classification here requires notification or detection of the fault, its location, and a further action. Subcombinations used in the process of fault recovery; e.g., fault locating, are classified below. December 2002 Edition 714 - 4 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 700, SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 2.23 for alternate routing in a plural stage communication system, and subclasses 286.01-333 for residual electrical communication systems. 342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), subclasses 1 through 465 for alternate routing in a plural stage radar network. 343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclasses 700 through 916 for alternate routing in a plural antenna system. 370, Multiplex Communications, subclasses 216 through 228 for fault recovery, and subclasses 229-240 for data flow congestion prevention and control in a multiplex communication system, i.e., the hardware devices (switches, etc.) to re-route communications in the multiplex environment. 375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclass 356 for network synchronizing more than two stations. 4.11 Backup or standby (e.g., failover, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Subject matter wherein the network has a spare substitute node ready to take over in the event the main one crashes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 13, for prepared backup processor or updating backup processor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 370, Multiplex Communications, subclasses 216 through 228 for fault recovery, and subclasses 229-240 for data flow congestion prevention and control in a multiplex communication system. 379, Telephonic Communications, subclass 112.02 for call traffic recording by redundant processor or backup processor, and subclass 221.04 for restoring failed network routing. 1 December 2002 Edition 707, 711, 713, December 2002 Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications, subclass 82 for relating to the protection and reliability of the control system. Data Processing: Database and File Management or Data Structures, subclasses 640 through 686 for archiving, backup, or recovery under database management. Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, subclasses 161 through 162 for archiving and backup under memory accessing, and subclass 165 for internally relocating data. Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support, subclass 323 for relating to sleep/resume, suspend/resume or standby of data processing systems. 4.12 Hot swapping (i.e., while network is up): This subclass is indented under subclass 4.11. Subject matter wherein the failed node is replaced without significant interruption to the network. 4.2 Isolate or remove failed node with replacement (e.g., bypassing, re-routing, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Subject matter further comprising means or steps to separate, detach, bypass, or re-route a failed node. 4.21 Reintegrate node back into network: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.2. Subject matter further comprising means or steps for putting back or establishing a failed node back into network without replacement of the failed node. 4.3 Repair failed node without replacement (i.e., on-line repair): This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Subject matter further comprising means or steps to fix the failed node through dial-up, or dedicated communications links, or through the Internet without replacing the node. 4.4 Remote repair: This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Subject matter further comprising means or December 2002 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS steps to repair nodes located at a site remote from the network. 5.11 SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 6.31, for repair at the plurality of memory devices. 4.5 Bus network (e.g., PCI, AGP, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Subject matter wherein the network shares a common path such as Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) or Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) for enabling redundancy in the communication between a plurality of peripheral devices and a host. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 370, Multiplex Communications, subclass 258 for a bus network having a closed transmission path. 5.1 Of peripheral subsystem: This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery from a faulted peripheral device. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 710, through 711, for replacement of memory spare location, portion, or segment. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output, subclasses 1 through 74 for transferring data from one or more peripherals to one or more computers for the latter to process, store, or further transfer or for transferring data from the computers to the peripherals. 711, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, subclasses 100 through 317 for means (e.g., processor, controller, etc.) or steps for governing memory in a digital data processing system or the passage (e.g., reading or writing, etc.) of data thereto, and subclasses 133-136 for entry replacement strategies and page fault recovery. 714 - 5 Access processor affected (e.g., I/O processor, MMU, or DMA processor, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 5.1. Subject matter further comprising means or steps for recovery from a fault limited to a specialized processor accessing I/O processor, Memory Management Unit (MMU), or Direct Memory Access (DMA) processor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 712, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing (e.g., Processors), appropriate subclasses for digital data processing system architecture, per se. 6.1 Of memory: This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery from a fault of a memory function level. (1) Note. “Page faults” are a species of faults peculiar to memory accessing which are classified elsewhere. See the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS notes below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 710, through 711, for replacement of memory spare location, portion, or segment. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output, subclasses 1 through 74 for transferring data from one or more peripherals to one or more computers for processing or storing. 711, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, subclasses 100 through 132 for means (e.g., processor, controller, etc.) or steps for governing memory in a digital data processing system or the passage (e.g., reading or writing, etc.) of data thereto, and subclasses 133-146 for entry replacement strategies and page fault recovery. December 2002 Edition 714 - 6 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 6.11 Recovery partition: This subclass is indented under subclass 6.11. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery of a fault within a distinct portion of single memory. 6.13 Isolating failed storage location (e.g., sector remapping, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 6.11. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery by disabling or detaching access to a failed single memory location. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 326, Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, subclasses 39 through 45 for programmable gate arrays. 710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output, subclasses 20 through 21 for systems directed to parallel data transfer. 711, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, subclasses 170 through 173 for automatically determining memory space allocation. Within single memory device (e.g., disk, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery of a fault within a single memory device such as a floppy disk, micro-floppy disk, removable cartridge, or hard disk. 6.12 (1) Note. Classification herein requires more than selecting a correct output from a concurrently active redundant functional unit in place of the output of the failed component. 6.21 Array controller: This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter wherein a memory array controller performs the recovery of the fault. 6.22 RAID: This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter wherein the plurality of memory devices are redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) for recovery of a fault. 6.23 Mirror (i.e., level 1 RAID): This subclass is indented under subclass 6.22. Subject matter wherein the RAID has a level one that has one disk drive and an exact backup on a second disk, i.e., all data is redundantly recorded on a second disk for recovery of a fault. 6.24 ECC, parity, or fault code (i.e., level 2+ RAID): This subclass is indented under subclass 6.22. Subject matter wherein the RAID has a level more than two, which has error checking and correcting code, parity data, or fault code for recovery of a fault. 6.3 Backup or standby (e.g., failover, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter wherein the plurality of memory devices has a spare standby memory ready to take over in the event of the main one crashes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 710, through 711, for replacement of memory spare location, portion, or segment. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclasses 200and 201 for bad bit and testing of static storage. 711, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, subclasses 170 through 173 for automatically determining memory space allocation. 6.2 Plurality of memory devices (e.g., array, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery of a fault within a plurality of memory devices, e.g., array, etc. 1 December 2002 Edition December 2002 SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 4.11, for prepared backup or updating backup memory devices. December 2002 6.31 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS (1) Note. Classification here requires a redundant processor for the purpose of reliability, such as by consideration of state of internal registers and the like of the redundant processors and thus the machines themselves. Synchronization in the form of timing and clock skew is classified elsewhere. See the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS notes below. (2) Remote repair: This subclass is indented under subclass 6.3. Subject matter further comprising means or steps to repair a memory located at a site remote from the network. Note. Classification here requires the existence of a fault condition. Synchronization maintenance at the clock level, however, is classified elsewhere. See the search class notes below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 4.4, for repair of a network remotely. 6.32 10 Replacement of failed memory device: This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter further comprising means or steps for replacing a malfunctioning memory device within a plurality of memory devices for recovering a fault. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclasses 354+ for communications synchronizing. 709, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer Data Transferring or Plural Processor Synchronization, appropriate subclasses for multicomputer and synchronizing, and for synchronization maintenance of plural processors, per se. 712, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing (e.g., processors), appropriate subclasses for task management, per se. 713, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support, subclasses 400+, for clock synchronization, per se, subclasses 500+, for digital data processing system clock, pulse and timing interval generation, per se. Of processor: This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery from fault of a processor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 712, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing (e.g., processors), appropriate subclasses for digital data processing system architecture, per se. 11 Concurrent, redundantly operating processors: This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery employing redundant processors substantially simultaneously performing the same operation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications, subclass 3 for master/slave processors in a data processing generic control system, and subclasses 79-82 for protection or reliability in a digital data processing control system. 12 Synchronization maintenance of processors: This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter further including means or steps for maintaining processor state synchronization to achieve redundancy of operation. 714 - 7 13 Prepared backup processor (e.g., initializing cold backup) or updating backup processor (e.g., by checkpoint message): This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter further including means or steps for readying a backup processor or digital data processing system to replace a failed primary processor or digital data processing system, or to receive recent processing result(s) from a backup processor or digital data processing system that may be relied upon. December 2002 Edition 714 - 8 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS (1) Data management, per se, is classified elsewhere. See the search class notes below. Note. Classification here allows for the backup processor or digital data processing system to be performing operations unrelated to backup operation before or after failure of the primary processor or digital data processing systems. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 6.1 through 6.23 for recovery by accessing redundant stored data. 763+, for memory access block coding. 805, for storage accessing error/fault detection techniques. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications, subclasses 2 through 7 for data processing control system applications employing plural processors, and subclasses 79-82 for protection or reliability in a digital data processing system based control system. 14 15 SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 711, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, subclasses 141+ for cache memory coherency, per se; subclasses 147+ for shared memory data processing which may employ data management principles; and subclasses 161+ for preventing the corruption, loss, alteration, or disclosure of data by storing, as in making backup copies. 712, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing (e.g., processors), appropriate subclasses for source code management and software version management. Of power supply: This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery using power supply subsystem component redundancy. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 713, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support, subclasses 300+, for power control in a digital data processing system environment, and subclass 321 for electrical digital calculating computer (i.e., calculator) with power saving feature. State recovery (i.e., process or data file): This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery by restoring data in a data file, or data for a process, to data at a previous point in time. (1) Note. The species of fault recovery or avoidance concerned with storing verbatim copies of data is classified elsewhere. See the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS notes below. (2) Note. Parity and error-correction coded storage of general utility in a system without data processing features claimed is classified elsewhere. (3) Note. This state recovery subclass provides for reliability and availability recovery under the condition of a fault. 1 December 2002 Edition December 2002 16 Forward recovery (e.g., redoing committed action): This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery by re-executing an operation in response to detecting an error in an operation. (1) Note. Recovery by operation retry or error detection by sequential repetition in a system without data processing features is classified elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 822, for sequential repetition. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 707, Data Processing: Database, Data Mining, and File Management or Data Structures, subclasses 609 through 686 for database maintenance including synchronizing, archiving, backing up and recovering databases; subclasses 758 through 780 for record, December 2002 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 715, file and data search and comparison, and subclasses 687 through 704 for data integrity in databases. 17 Reexecuting single instruction or bus cycle: This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery by retrying single instruction or bus cycle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output, subclasses 100+, for system intraconnecting and bus processing, per se. 18 Transmission data record (e.g., for retransmission): This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery of a communication process (e.g., a session) using a record. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 748+, for retransmission in a system without data processing features claimed. Data Processing: Presentation Processing of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing, appropriate subclasses for a word data processing application on computer, particularly subclasses 255 through 272 for editing in a text data processing application. 20 Plural recovery data sets containing set interrelation data (e.g., time values or log record numbers): This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery using sets of sequenced or linked recovery data containing set sequencing or linking data. 21 State validity check: This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter further including means or steps wherein recovery is controlled by verifying the accuracy of the state data. 22 With power supply status monitoring: This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter further including means or steps wherein recovery is controlled by a power supply status monitor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output, appropriate subclasses for I/O processing and communication between computers and peripherals. 19 714 - 9 SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 713, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support, subclass 321 for electrical digital calculating computer (i.e., calculator) with power saving feature, and subclass 340, for generic power control monitoring in a digital data processing system environment. Undo record: This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery of data in the presence of uncommitted action using a record of the data created before the action. 23 SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 707, Data Processing: Database, Data Mining, and File Management or Data Structures, subclasses 609 through 686 for database maintenance including synchronizing, archiving, backing up and recovering databases; subclasses 758 through 780 for record, file and data search and comparison, and subclasses 687 through 704 for data integrity in databases. Resetting processor: This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery using clearing or initializing of a processor register. 24 Safe shutdown: This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter further including means or steps for recovery including termination of a system component to a safe condition. December 2002 Edition 714 - 10 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS (1) Note. Isolating (i.e., disabling) an output of a failed network, processor, memory, peripheral, I/O, or power supply component is classified elsewhere. See SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS notes below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 4.1 through 4.5, for network affected fault recovery. 5.1 through 6.23, for memory or peripheral subsystem affected. 6.13, for isolating failed storage locations. 10, for processor affected fault recovery. 14, for power supply affected fault recovery. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 713, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support, subclasses 300+, for power control in a digital data processing system environment. 25 copier, including computer controlled malfunction warning and recovery. 26 Note. An invention directed to locating a fault in a digital data processing system including more than nominal data processing, or where the fault is specific to a nongeneral use of a digital data processing system, is classified here. fault locating in combination with a specific art device not of the basic subject matter of this class is classified with the art device. Artificial intelligence (e.g., diagnostic expert system): This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein the testing is performed using an artificial intelligence technique; e.g., fault tree, reasoning rules, self-learning. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 706, Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence, appropriate subclasses, for artificial intelligence, per se. 27 Particular access structure: This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter further including means or steps related to an access structure specialized for observing or controlling a test or diagnosis. 28 Substituted emulative component (e.g., emulator microprocessor): This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter further including means or steps for using a tester component that can emulate (i.e., functionally operate as) a normal component in the tested system. Fault locating (i.e., diagnosis or testing): This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter further including means or steps for pinpointing a fault using either a reactive diagnosing or a proactive testing, including testing for developmental stage fault avoidance, for assurance, or for maintenance. (1) SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 703, Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation, appropriate subclasses. 716, Computer-Aided Design and Analysis of Circuits and Semiconductor Masks, appropriate subclasses. 29 Memory emulator feature: This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter further including means or steps for using memory that can functionally replace a system component. (1) SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 73.1 for various electrical testing arrangements that may include fault locating. 370, Multiplex Communications, subclasses 241+ for diagnostic testing in multiplex communications. 399, Electrophotography, subclasses 9+ for diagnostic testing of a photo- 1 December 2002 Edition December 2002 Note. For classification here the replaced component need not be a memory. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 703, Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation, appropriate subclasses for general purpose simulation or emulation of system components. December 2002 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 716, 30 31 32 Built-in hardware for diagnosing or testing within-system component (e.g., microprocessor test mode circuit, scan path): This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter further including means or steps for testing or diagnostic access using specialized testing or diagnosing hardware permanently built into a component of the system being tested or diagnosed. 34 Additional processor for in-system fault locating (e.g., distributed diagnosis program): This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter further including an additional processor for controlling all or part of in-system testing or diagnosis. Particular stimulus creation: This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter further including means or steps for selection or generation of a signal (i.e., data) for testing or diagnosing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 201 for static memory testing. Derived from analysis (e.g., of a specification or by simulation): This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter further including means or steps for deriving a test or diagnosis program based on an analysis of specification, design, or output of the system to be tested or diagnosed. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 73.1 for various electrical testing arrangements that may include fault locating. 703, Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation, subclasses 13 through 22 for simulating electronic device and electrical system. Computer-Aided Design and Analysis of Circuits and Semiconductor Masks, appropriate subclasses. Halt, clock, or interrupt signal (e.g., freezing, hardware breakpoint, single-stepping): This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter further including means or steps for controlling a processor or digital data processing system to be tested or diagnosed by applying an interrupt, halt, or clock signal to a processor or digital data processing system. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output, subclasses 48+, for Input/Output device interrupt processing. 711, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, subclass 204 for virtual address branch or jump address predicting; and subclasses 213 for generalized prefetch, lookahead, jump, or predictive address generating. 712, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architecture and Instruction Processing (e.g., Processors), subclass 227, for instruction processing in support of testing, debugging, emulation, etc. 713, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support, subclasses 500+, for clock processing, per se. 717, Data Processing: Software Development, Installation, and Management, subclasses 100 through 167 for software development tools. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 712+, for memory testing including pattern generation. 33 714 - 11 35 Substituted or added instruction (e.g., code instrumenting, breakpoint instruction): This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter further including means or steps for substituting or adding a testing or diagnosing instruction into a program or instruction data stream of a processor or digital data processing system being tested or diagnosed. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 712, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architecture and Instruction Processing (e.g., Processors), appropriate subclasses for instruction processing, per December 2002 Edition 714 - 12 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS se, including instruction alignment, fetching and decoding, and for processing control at the processor level, per se, particularly subclass 227, for instruction processing in support of testing, debugging, emulation, etc. 36 Test sequence at power-up or initialization: This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter further including means or steps for performing a sequence of tests automatically in response to a power-up or initialization action. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output, appropriate subclasses, for assigning operating characteristics to peripherals, particularly subclass 104, for utilizing a hardware structure for providing a processor with an arrangement of the digital data processing system including characteristics of the digital data processing system’s components. 711, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, subclass 170 for automatically determining and allocating memory space or specifying an allocation. 713, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support, subclasses 1 through 100, for digital data processing system initialization and configuration at boot-time. 37 Analysis (e.g., of output, state, or design): This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter further including means or steps for evaluating the output, state, or design, of a computer system or a processor or a program, for fault locating. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 73.1 for various electrical testing arrangements that may include fault locating. 703, Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation, subclasses 13 through 22 for the use of database in simulating electronic device and electrical system. 1 December 2002 Edition 716, 38.1 December 2002 Computer-Aided Design and Analysis of Circuits and Semiconductor Masks, appropriate subclasses. Of computer software faults: This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter further including means or steps for locating a fault in software or testing software for determining the location of a fault. (1) Note. This subclass also provides for detecting an error in instruction data in combination with a digital data processing system. Analysis or monitoring of program code execution is used for the purpose of fault location and recovery during actual use of computer software, and it is used subsequent to software development. (2) Note. This subclass also provides for fault locating in software analysis by mechanisms such as debugging, automatic code generating, object oriented design, etc. (3) Note. Generic coded information error detection for determining efficiency of a program during execution, so as to utilize the determination in debugging of the software during the development process, is classified elsewhere. See SEE OR SEARCH CLASS notes below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 799, through 824, for coded information error detecting. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 703, Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation, subclass 22 for modeling (i.e., artificially mimic) a computer software program so as to predict or analyze its performance. 717, Data Processing: Software Development, Installation, and Management, subclasses 131 through 133 for determining efficiency of program execution time analysis. December 2002 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 714 - 13 Memory dump: This subclass is indented under subclass 38.1. Subject matter further including means or steps for generating a memory image of the existing state of software executing on the system at the time of a crash. 38.12 By remotely: This subclass is indented under subclass 38.1. Subject matter wherein fault location determination during software testing or analysis is performed remotely. Bus, I/O channel, or network path component fault: This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter further including means or steps for fault locating specific to a fault in a bus, peripheral or I/O channel, or network path. Interrupt (i.e., halt the program): This subclass is indented under subclass 38.1. Subject matter comprising means or steps for executing reset interruption or interruption signal, for example, for a break command. 38.14 Memory or storage device component fault: This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter further including means or steps for fault locating specific to a fault in a memory. Time-out (i.e., of program): This subclass is indented under subclass 38.1. Subject matter further including an event which occurs at the end of a predetermined interval of time during testing of the software. 38.13 42 43 38.11 39 SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output, subclasses 100+, for subject matter directed to system intraconnecting and bus access processing. 44 Monitor recognizes sequence of events (e.g., protocol or logic state analyzer): This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter further including means or steps for locating a fault by using a monitor for classifying or otherwise recognizing a sequence of events. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 709, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer Data Transferring or Plural Processor Synchronization, subclass 224 for computer network managing including monitoring. 40 For reliability enhancing component (e.g., testing backup spare, or fault injection): This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter further including means or steps for fault locating specific to fault in a reliability enhancing component. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output, appropriate subclasses, for subject matter directed to Input/Output processing and communication between peripherals and computers or digital data processing systems. 45 Output recording (e.g., signature or trace): This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter further including means or steps for recording output from the system under test or diagnosis. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 47.1 through 47.3, for error logging without recording. 48, for error detecting, per se. Component dependent technique: This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter further including means or steps for fault locating that are specific to a device under test. 41 Peripheral device component fault: This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter further including means or steps for fault locating specific to a fault in a peripheral device. 46 Operator interface for diagnosing or testing: This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter further including means or steps for interfacing with an operator for fault locating. December 2002 Edition 714 - 14 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS December 2002 SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 715, Data Processing: Presentation Processing of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing, subclasses 700 through 866 for computer graphics operator interface. Threshold: This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Subject matter further including means or steps for establishing the minimum value of a signal that can be detected by the system for monitoring event duration and event counts for anticipating or recognizing faults. Performance monitoring for fault avoidance: This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter further including means or steps for monitoring event duration and event counts for anticipating or recognizing faults. 47.3 Trends (i.e., expectancy): This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Subject matter further including means or steps that use the data from measured characteristics, events, or conditions to calculate the length of time to a potential future failure. (1) Note. This subclass relates to the fault avoidance species of reliability. 48 (2) 47.1 47.2 Note. This subclass includes event duration and counting arrangements for statistical analysis of system operations and predictive methods of fault avoidance. Error detection or notification: This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter further including means or steps for automated on-line sensing of errors, or for storing or propagating such error information (e.g., error logging). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, subclasses 1 through 327 for time measurement. 377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclasses 64 through 81 for shift registers, and subclasses 107-111 for counters. 702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, subclasses 182 through 186 for performance or efficiency evaluation in a computer data processing system for measuring, calibrating, or testing purposes. 705, Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination, subclasses 7.11 through 7.42 for operations research. 708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating, subclasses 200 through 714 for various arithmetic data processing operations performed by digital calculating computers. 709, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer Data Transferring, subclass 224 for computer network managing including monitoring. 1 December 2002 Edition SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 1+, for fault recovery in combination with error detecting or notifying. 25+, for fault locating combined with error detecting or notifying. 47.1 through 47.3, for performance monitoring for fault avoidance in combination with error detecting or notifying. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 707, Data Processing: Database, Data Mining, and File Management or Data Structures, subclass 699 for use of CRC for data integrity in database and file management. 49 State error (i.e., content of instruction, data, or message): This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter further including means or steps for detecting an error based on the information content of an instruction, a message, or data. 50 State out of sequence: This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter wherein an ordering of state information related to a succession of data, instructions etc., is the basis for state analysis. December 2002 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output, subclasses 260+ for Input/Output device interrupt processing. 711, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, subclass 204 for virtual address branch or jump address predicting; and subclass 213 for generalized prefetch, look-ahead, jump, or predictive address generating. 712, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architecture and Instruction Processing (e.g., Processors), appropriate subclasses for instruction fetching and prefetching and for branching instruction processing and for task management and control, per se. 51 Error checking code: This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter for detecting consistency of information by using a code (e.g., parity, etc.) which is generated from the information. 53 Address error: This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter further including means or steps for detection or notification of error of address state. 54 Storage content error: This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter further including means or steps for detection or notification of error of storage state. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 711, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, subclass 144 for cache status data bits (e.g., bits indicating modified, valid, dirty data), wherein coherency for each unit or block of data includes associated identifier bit(s) to indicate the validity status of an associated cached location; subclass 156 for status storage control techniques including provisions for storing status data (e.g., control status words, program status words, etc.) associated with memory accessing and control; and subclass 165 for movement/transfers of data amongst locations within a same memory level. Control flow state sequence monitored (e.g., watchdog processor for control-flow checking): This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter to detect state errors in an instruction data sequence. 52 (1) Note. Error checking codes are a function of the actual data of concern, as exemplified in one simple form by parity data. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 763+, for memory access block coding, and subclass 805 for storage accessing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 711, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory, subclasses 161+ for preventing the corruption, loss, alteration, or disclosure of data by storing, as in making backup copies. 714 - 15 55 Timing error (e.g., watchdog timer timeout): This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter further including means or steps for detection or notification of error of timing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 713, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support, subclass 375 for synchronization maintenance of plural processors, subclasses 400401 for clock synchronization, per se, and subclasses 500-503 for digital data processing system clock, pulse and timing interval generation, per se. 718, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Virtual Machine Task or Process Management or Task Management/Control, subclass 1 for virtual machine task or process management and 100-108 for task management or control, in general. December 2002 Edition 714 - 16 56 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 380, Cryptography, subclasses 3+ for stored information access or copy prevention (e.g., software program protection or computer virus protection) in combination with data encryption, and subclasses 22 - 25 and 50 for electric signal modification and other appropriate subclasses. 707, Data Processing: Database, Data Mining, and File Management or Data Structures, subclass 699 for use of CRC for data integrity in database and file management. 726, Information Security, subclasses 1 through 36 for information security in computers or digital processing system. Bus or I/O channel device fault: This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter further including means or steps for detecting errors related to a flaw in a bus, peripheral, or I/O channel device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output, appropriate subclasses for system intraconnecting and bus processing, per se. 57 Error forwarding and presentation (e.g., operator console, error display): This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter further including means or steps for propagating error information so as to make notification of detected error. 699 SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 345, Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems, appropriate subclasses for information displaying. 100 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM ERROR OR FAULT HANDLING This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for enhancing the ability of a system, which is programmed for organization or manipulation of data, to respond to an unexpected hardware or software failure. (1) (2) Note. Classification herein requires more than nominal recitation of data processing components in combination with means or steps for furthering correct data processing operations by mechanisms including error detecting, performance monitoring, fault locating, and fault recovery. Note. The species of reliability and availability directed to memory accessing and control with data archiving, backups, device access limiting, and security are classified elsewhere, see the SEE OR SEARCH CLASS notes below, other species of reliability and availability in memory accessing and control such as isolating failed memory and storing redundant data are classified herein. 1 December 2002 Edition December 2002 PULSE OR DATA ERROR HANDLING This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter further including means or steps for detecting and/or correcting errors in electrical pulse or pulse coded data, in addition, electrical based systems or devices which utilize techniques for detecting an error or fault condition, without recitation of specific data processing system components, are classified herein, said techniques include testing and diagnosis at the logic/component level. (1) Note. Fault detection herein excludes processes and apparatus wherein there is no actual testing using digital data containing intelligence. (2) Note. This class does not include detecting the distortion or degradation of pulse coded data per se, but rather includes detecting and/or correcting of errors in the information content of pulse or pulse coded data which may have occurred due to distortion or degradation of the coded data, thereby changing the state or value of the information content to such an extent as to comprise an error by definition. (3) Note. Nominally recited art devices or systems external to this class, claimed in combination with subject matter under the class definition, are classified in this class, for example, static memory December 2002 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS devices claimed in combination with error correcting encoding/decoding apparatus are classified herein, and a nominally recited telecommunications switching system claimed in combination with fault diagnostic and/or recovery apparatus would also be classified herein. (4) Note. Significantly claimed apparatus external to this class claimed in combination with apparatus under the class definition, which perform fault detection/correction techniques, are classified with the external apparatus, for example, a significantly claimed multiplex communication apparatus that performs general testing of its components would be found elsewhere, see SEE OR SEARCH CLASS below. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, various subclasses for systems related to generic systems for either (a) originating or emitting a coded set of discrete signals or (b) translating one code into another code wherein the information signal content remains the same but the formats may differ. 358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, subclasses 406 and 504 for systems where a facsimile apparatus is monitored, measured, calibrated, or tested. 360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclasses 26, 36, 38, 47, and 53 for testing dynamic magnetic memory systems. 370, Multiplex Communications, subclasses 13+ and 100+ for subject matter wherein part of a multiplex system is monitored and tested to evaluate its performance, including circuit continuity checking, repeater testing, loopback testing, and alternate routing due to failure. 375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclasses 213 and 224 - 228 for testing pulse or digital communication systems. 379, 700 714 - 17 Telephonic Communications, subclasses 1 through 33 for testing of telephone circuits. SKEW DETECTION/CORRECTION: This subclass is indented under subclass 699. Subject matter in which an error caused by the time delay between plural parallel bits forming a byte or data word is detected or corrected. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 26 for electronically correcting phasing errors between related information signals. 701 DATA FORMATTING TO IMPROVE ERROR DETECTION/CORRECTION CAPABILITY: This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which a change in data format or sequence is utilized to improve the error detection/correction capability of a coding scheme. 702 Memory access (e.g., address permutation): This subclass is indented under subclass 701. Subject matter which changes the format of digital data by having the signal with the data written into or read out of a storage device. (1) Note. Address permutation arrangements are included in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 718, for diagnostic testing of a memory. 703 TESTING OF ERROR-CHECK SYSTEM: This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the proper operation of the error detection/correction or fault detection/recovery apparatus itself is verified. 704 Error count or rate: This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which determines the number of bits in error or the number of bits in error per unit of time. December 2002 Edition 714 - 18 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 798, for this subject matter combined with control of synchronization in response to an error detection signal. 705 Pseudo-Error rate: This subclass is indented under subclass 704. Subject matter having a main data path and a secondary data path having intentionally degraded performance connected in parallel, the secondary path having a decision device to compare and evaluate the disagreement between the paths. (1) 706 709 Note. Subject matter in this subclass relates to determining if a data pulse represents a particular given logic state, e.g., logic one as opposed to logic zero. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 1+ for pulse selecting means. 329, Demodulators, subclasses 311+ for pulse demodulation or detection, per se. 710 SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for up-down counters per se. 707 DATA PULSE EVALUATION/BIT DECISION: This subclass is indented under subclass 699. Subject matter in which the information bearing parameter (amplitude, pulse position, etc.) of a data pulse is evaluated to determine the proper logic state or value. (1) Note. Each disagreement is called a pseudo-error. Up-down counter: This subclass is indented under subclass 704. Subject matter including an reversible accumulating register which counts up in response to an error and counts down in response to an error-free increment of time. December 2002 REPLACEMENT OF MEMORY SPARE LOCATION, PORTION, OR SEGMENT: This subclass is indented under subclass 699. Subject matter in which the spare apparatus comprises only a location, or a contiguous group of locations of memory. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclasses 200 and 201 for bad bit and testing read/write circuits, respectively. 711 SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 798+, for error detection controlled synchronization control other than by error rate. 708 Synchronization control: This subclass is indented under subclass 704. Subject matter in which a determination of the error rate is used to control synchronization between devices. Spare row or column: This subclass is indented under subclass 710. Subject matter spare apparatus comprises only a column or row within a memory device or element. 712 TRANSMISSION FACILITY TESTING: This subclass is indented under subclass 699. Subject matter in which the diagnostic testing is performed upon a channel of a transmission medium with a device for supplying digital data thereto. Shutdown or establishing system parameter (e.g., transmission rate): This subclass is indented under subclass 704. Subject matter including control of system operation by either deactivation of the system, or controls a parameter related to normal system operation, in response to error count or error rate. 1 December 2002 Edition (1) Note. The transmission facility includes the transmission medium and all associated equipment required to transmit a message. December 2002 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 210+ for testing of magnetic memory elements, per se. 360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclasses 26, 47, and 53 for testing of dynamic magnetic memory systems. 365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 200 a bad bit memory used to store information; and subclass 201 for specifics of a memory which is tested but doesn’t include data processing techniques. 386, Motion Video Signal Processing for Recording or Reproducing, subclasses 263 through 277 for video error or fault detection and/or correction during recording or reproduction operation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 370, Multiplex Communications, subclasses 241+ for testing of multiplex communication systems. 375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclasses 224+ for testing of pulse or digital communications system. 379, Telephonic Communications, 1.01-33 for diagnostic testing of telephone equipment. 713 For channel having repeater: This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein a transmission channel has a repeating amplifier. 714 By tone signal: This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter which includes application of a test signal composed of one or more tone signals. 715 Test pattern with comparison: This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter in which the transmission facility is tested by applying a test pattern to the device under test and comparing the output to a reference test pattern. 716 Loop-back: This subclass is indented under subclass 715. Subject matter in which the transmission facility is configured so that the receiver shunts the test pattern back to transmitter for comparison at the transmitter. 717 Loop or ring configuration: This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter in which a plurality of transmission stations or devices are configured in a serial fashion to form a loop or ring. 714 - 19 719 720 718 MEMORY TESTING: This subclass is indented under subclass 699. Subject matter in which the diagnostic testing is performed upon an information signal storage device. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 710+, for fault recovery of memory devices. Read-in with read-out and compare: This subclass is indented under subclass 718. Subject matter in which the testing is done by reading in a test pattern, reading out the contents of the memory and comparing the output with the test pattern read in. Special test pattern (e.g., checkerboard, walking ones): This subclass is indented under subclass 719. Subject matter in which the test patterns are selected to exercise the memory by transferring a combination of logic zeroes and ones through the memory, e.g., alternating zeroes and onescheckerboard pattern. 721 Electrical parameter (e.g., threshold voltage): This subclass is indented under subclass 718. Subject matter in which the diagnostic test measures an electrical parameter of the memory device, e.g., threshold voltage. 722 Performing arithmetic function on memory contents: This subclass is indented under subclass 718. Subject matter in which the diagnostic test consists of performing an arithmetic function, such as addition, on the contents of the memory and comparing the results to a reference value. December 2002 Edition 714 - 20 723 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass, particularly subclass 73.1 for measuring and testing of electrical device parameters under controlled conditions. 326, Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, subclass 16 for electronic digital logic circuitry with test facilitating feature, subclasses 21+ for electronic digital logic circuitry maintaining signal integrity, and subclasses 37+ for a programmable or multifunctional logic array circuit, per se. Error mapping or logging: This subclass is indented under subclass 718. Subject matter in which the detected error or fault is registered or recorded to present a history for diagnostic purposes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 42, for such subject matter used with data processor testing. 724 DIGITAL LOGIC TESTING: This subclass is indented under subclass 699. Subject matter in which the diagnostic test is performed upon a system or element performing a binary logic operation upon a signal having plural distinct discrete states. (1) 726 Note. Testing or measuring of electrical properties are classified elsewhere unless the testing device