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Günter Wächtershäuser might be the most important amateur scientist of our era. He made his living as a patent attorney. While doing that he got interested in the origin of life and developed an original and widely respected set of hypotheses about how living things came into being.[1]He had been trained in science, earning a Phd. in organic chemistry in 1965 at the University of Marburg, Germany, and was a postdoc there for more than a year. But then he decided to become an attorney, and began taking law classes while working on his dissertation.He maintained an interest in science and in 1972/3 he read a paper by one of his professors about the RNA world theory of the origin of life. Later on,he met, and became friends with, the famous philosopher of science, Karl Popper. Still later, he became friends with Carl Woese, one of the most important scientists studying the early history of life.Wächtershäuser was an expert in developing friendships with famous people in science. Those people, in turn, helped him get his early papers published in prominent journals, including the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the most prestigious publication of all.Those early publications in 1988 and 1990 made him famous in his field, earning him several awards and, he was finally made an adjunct professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2008. (Adjunct professors are the lowest level of professors in a university.) As of 2012, he continued to maintain his legal business.His early work was entirely theoretical, describing known chemistry and how that might lead to life. He didn’t have access to chemicals or a laboratory. He did have access to the scientific literature and relied on that heavily. Later on, he had collaborators who performed experiments for him.What did he accomplish?Everything in study of the origin of life is complicated. Here’s a simple account.Back then, the two leading hypotheses about the origin of life were:The primordial soup theory said that organic chemicals in lakes or oceans somehow reacted with each other to generate living things.The RNA World theory said that RNA molecules somehow came into being and somehow developed the ability to replicate, gradually evolving into living things.Wächtershäuser rejected those ideas and, instead, proposed that Iron, Sulphur, and various other minerals reacted with organic substances in the ocean, producing many of the biochemicals that exist in modern organisms. This diagram [2] gives an overview. Keep in mind that the original hypothesis included a great many more reactions.Pyrite, sometimes called fool’s gold, is crucial to this scheme:Iron and sulphur react with each other to form pyite. This reaction provides energy and electrons (e in the diagram) that drives other biochemical reactions.In modern organisms, enzymes push (catalyze) biochemical reactions. It turns out that pyrite can catalyze many of the same reactions. So, the earliest living things could have relied on pyrite to avoid having to create complicated enzymes.All of these reactions can happen on the surfaces of rocks at the bottom of the ocean. That means the earliest living things didn’t have to start with membranes to enclose biochemicals.Eventually, reactions would some develop self-sustaining cycles that would form the basis of something like a living thing.So, is the hypothesis right?Parts of Wächtershäuser’s ideas are now widely accepted and other parts are likely wrong.His ideas about pyrite are now called the Iron–Sulfur World hypothesis. They are still widely cited and regarded as important by many people in that field[3] but some, like Mike Russell, think that they are completely wrong.[4]There is no evidence for self-sustaining cycles, which are absolutely essential for his full hypothesis. Some investigators think this concept can’t ever work.[5]His own evaluation is that:[6]Research into the origin of life is largely an immature science that lacks a pattern of progress, where a present advance is based on a previous advance and gives rise to a next advance, and where advancing empirical evidence becomes progressively integratable. Instead, origin-of-life proposals present frequently a pattern of groping for clues.Most ideas in this field turn out to be either wrong or not testable. Wächtershäuser has produced more interesting and viable ideas than most professionals.Another amateur:Early in the 20th Century, a patent clerk developed several physical theories, including one about the motions of bodies moving near the speed of light.[7] Nobody was paying him to develop these theories or publish them. In that sense, he qualified as an amateur scientist. We don’t usually think of him that way because his early work got him positions at universities.To read more:For great, non-technical overviews, try these. Unfortunately. the second one is behind a paywall.Amateur Shakes Up Ideas on Recipe for LifeBetween a Rock and a Hard PlaceHe speaks for himself in this interview, which provides a good sense of his distinctive personal style:Entrevista Gunter WachtershauserHis scientific publications are extremely challenging, especially the early ones. That’s always a bad sign. Good theorists write clearly; bad theorists write mud. If you are very brave, you can try this one:http://www.pnas.org/content/pnas...Footnotes[1] Günter Wächtershäuser - Wikipedia[2] N. Bishop. Part II: Replication First (Gene First) or RNA World Hypothesis CLAIM: The first molecule of life was RNA which can both store information. - ppt download[3] Iron–sulfur world hypothesis - Wikipedia[4] Between a Rock and a Hard Place[5] The Implausibility of Metabolic Cycles on the Prebiotic Earth[6] In Praise of Error.[7] Albert Einstein - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com

Hey there. ;)Well, your question is very natural and common. I’m glad you asked it because you’ll be able to save a lot of time and frustration.Let me tell you right away that you should never address an investor to start a business. Makes sense? So, this is something that 10% or more of the wantrepreneurs typically don’t understand. If you’re trying to raise capital, that’s because you already have a business and is part of your overall growth strategy fundraising to scale faster.If that’s not the case, if you cannot pinpoint a clear bottleneck in a business that you already have, there’s really not that much use in addressing an investor.Now, I’m not saying there aren’t cases in which investors put their money on pre-revenue cases, because there are. But typically those are cases in which the founders are serial entrepreneurs and have some sort of track record experience. Basically, they know what they’re doing, and they are focused toward a single business model and idea. Besides, the market is often very sexy, we’re talking about some sort of skyrocketing industry.So, as a bottom line, I truly believe the answer is “no, investors don’t put their money on ideas”.So, what should you do, right?And here are a few steps that I’d like to share with you in case you want to develop any of those ideas (WITH FOCUS and consistency) without spending too much money - so that later on you can, then, raise the capital to build an operation:The first step you should always have in consideration – and we’ve already talked a little bit about it here – is to know your customers better than they know themselves. Now, this tends to be a highly repetitive point and can easily get boring, so let’s face the brutal facts: I’m not expecting you to get out there and randomly asking people on the streets what they think about your product. What I’m expecting you to do is brainstorming, researching online on forums, amazon reviews, and essentially, thinking and discussing a lot with your partners, friends or whoever you think is the right person, about your customer profile. Until you know this, there’s no business, so there’s no reason to raise money either.The second step is starting by the end version – seriously, I love this concept -, by Squeezing your Idea. This is an MVP (Minimum Viable Product) 2.0. Instead of prototyping something, just avoid doing anything at all that consumes money and time – if possible. Design the package, the layout of your future version, and show it to customers. That’s all it takes to start generating traction – also known as revenues.The third step is – naturally – getting traction. Once again, you should tell to yourself “ok, here’s what I’m going to do: until I have someone paying me in advance for this product, or clearly giving me a good indication that he loves the product, I won’t spend 1 minute developing it”. This is the type of reasoning I’d like you to have, being strategic in your way of doing things and building your startup. Focus on validating the idea first, test it through 1-page website and Google AdWords, use Crowdfunding, get pre-orders, you name it. Do whatever it takes to have at least a few sound “YES!” before you start developing the product.And fourth, imagining that you need a small amount of cash to getting started with your business and that it isn’t enough money to bother asking to an investor, you have several ways that I like to call “Shortcuts to Capital” that you can use to fund your startup for the initial months. For example, bootstrapping is typically one of the best, crowdfunding is also another way – either through donations or equity -, but definitely the best is the so-called Customer Funding. Basically, through subscription or drop shipping models, or even by in-person negotiation to have your own customers funding your business – read this article on this subject.Alright? Hope it helped. ;) If you need anything, feel free to PM me.All the bestPedroP.S. If you’re looking to raise capital for the first time, feel free to download my 10-step quick guide on the subject, I think it might help you lining up the dots to get started. Here’s the link: 10-Step Guide to Raising Money

If he buys it in another state strictly to do a PPT to you, then that is called a straw purchase and is illegal federally, illegal in California, and most likely illegal in the state he bought it.If he bought it another state for his own use, then later decide he no longer wanted it and sell it to you, then can be done. So intent plays a big role.To follow all the inane California and federal rules, follow the procedure outlined in the other post. Most people ignore those procedures and simply hand the cash over and take the weapon.If you never use the weapon in a crime then nothing will happen. The state will never know you have it. No harm no foul.If you use the weapon in a self defense situation, then what happens to you depends upon the county. In the hoplophobic urban counties, you will be in big trouble and face charges for possession of an illegal weapon. In the rural counties, the local sheriff may simply say “your gun is not registered’ and do nothing else as he hands the weapon back to you.

Understanding your competition is an important tool for growing your business. Competitive analysis helps differentiate your strategy, offerings, and content from the competition.8 quick ways competitive intelligence will improve your business:1. Identify market gaps that you can fill2. Determine how your market likes to be served; dislikes as well3. Identify differentiated methods to attract prospects & serve your customers4. Isolate, develop, and promote your unique value proposition5. Detect your areas of strengths and weaknesses versus the competition6. Analyze market reaction to your marketing strategy7. Determine your market position8. Get to know your customers and see them from different perspectivesThe majority of companies are weak at analyzing the competitionI’d give the majority of companies a poor grade at analyzing the competition. There are many different strategies and tools analyze your competition. However, the Internet is the single most important tool for competitive intelligence. You can collect “Open Source” competitive intelligence to plan a robust competitive strategy.Open Source Competitive Intelligence is ethically and legally gathering information from public sourcesI’ll discuss 4 different Open Source Competitive Intelligence categories.1. Communications Intelligence2. Technical Intelligence3. Financial Intelligence4. Human Intelligence.It is extremely important to remain within ethical and legal limits. This is why I must stress “Open Source” (Publicly Available). Remember, even though it’s legal, there can be negative market consequences if you are caught. Read this oldie, but goodie from CBS News.Before we begin, write down your 3-5 most relevant competitors. Relevant because depending on your strategy, you might avoid some competitors. As an example, going after smaller or local competitors might be your best strategy.Let’s walk through the 4 steps to conducting competitive intelligence.1. Communications Intelligence is gathering and analyzing publicly available marketing, communications, and sales resources.Examples: Advertisements, Content, Downloadable Brochures, Website, Social Media, etc.The first place to start is your competitor’s website. Figure out their target audience. Can you develop Customer Persona’s based on the information they provide? Are they targeting a specific demographic or psychographic? Do they have a mission / vision statement? What do these statements say about their customers and targeted prospects? Do they have downloadable customer brochures? Collect as much relevant information as possible.If they have one, analyze the content of their blog. Who are they targeting? What is their content strategy? Are they teaching, selling, and/or providing value to their customers? You get the idea. Write down some of the themes and try to determine your competition's intent.Now, move over to their social media accounts. Conduct a quick social media audit. What social media sites are they using to signNow prospects and customers? What are they saying? How are their prospects and customers responding? Check the comments section. See if your competition is actually engaging or responding to comments.Follow your competitors on social media. By following them, you can stay informed on their actions. Use social listening to see what they are saying about their company or the market. Plus, if they are curating content, maybe you’ll learn more about the industry and gather thought leadership. If they have a newsletter, why not sign up for it?Last, use Moat to analyze their online advertising. Moat allows you to see what and where they are advertising.2. Financial Intelligence is information gathered from analysis of publicly available financial history.Examples: SEC filings, news of deals, investor presentations, annual reports, and other financial documents.Want to know your competition’s business strategy? Follow the Cash!If your competition is private, this exercise is harder and you’ll need to do a little more digging. You can still find tons of information on social media. Companies love to boast about new deals and provide company news.Conduct a search using your competitor’s name and also #companyname. Hashtags can uncover posts made by employees and partners. These posts might not come scrutinized from the marketing / communications department.If your competition is public, you’ll still want to do the social media audit as described above. Then move to the Investor Relations section. Download any Annual Report and Analyst Presentations. If they have recorded earnings calls, listen to those too. Recordings provide more context than downloadable presentations.Conduct an analysis of their “say / do” ratio. Look at the information you gathered during Communications Intelligence. Compare that information to their financials. Sometimes what a company announces publically is aspirational. While following the cash, investments, show actual strategy and tactics. Or, they do this because they know YOU are listening. They are trying to throw the competition off.Let me give you a theoretical example:“We are continuing to invest heavily in Product Line X to drive innovation and sales. Product Line X is a key to our growth.”This could be a true statement. Yet, their financials show investments into Product Line X are increasing by 15% Y/Y or Q/Q. While investments in Product Line Y jumped by 35% in the same period. Why? Can you figure it out? Are they setting up their competition to react towards Product X, but overlook Product Y? “Follow the Cash” and let it tell you where they are really investing AND divesting.3. Technical Intelligence is information gathered from analysis of publicly available technical and product information.Examples: technical papers, white papers, patents or patent applications, product specs, etc.To begin gathering technical intelligence stay on your competitor’s website. Look at their product pages. Can you download any technical information on their products or services? How are their products, services, and offerings technically different from yours? What are their strengths and weaknesses?If you cannot find anything on their website, try using your search engine of choice. Enter in their product title with terms like “Specifications,” “Instructions,” “White paper,” etc. Also, if you include .ppt or .pdf in your search, the results will narrow down to those specific file types.Patents aren’t just your Legal Team’s responsibility. Patents and Patent Applications can be valuable to the marketing team as well. Patents and Patent Applications are a little more advanced. You can use The US Patent and Trademark Office to run initial searches.4. Human Intelligence is information gathered from a person on the ground.Examples: information revealed through conversations with customers, field marketing, sales reps, customer success (service), etc.During the sales process, customers and prospects often reveal competitive information. They express likes, dislikes, needed improvements, and other information.Develop a way to collect, analyze, and distribute this Human (Field) Intelligence. This can be a great way to stay connected with the field. It will help you understand your customers, and/or to enhance your strategy / product offering.Gather, categorize, and analyze your Competitive IntelligenceOnce you’ve gathered this information, you’ll need to organize and analyze it. List out your competitor’s strengths, weaknesses, and your opportunities by intelligence category. Combine it into a competitive intelligence package.I hope this helps. If you’d like to review more articles feel free to visit my website.Stewart Swayze

On the night of Friday June 7, 2013, a pre-wedding party was in progress at the Cavalli Club – named after the renowned Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli – within the 5-star luxury Fairmont Hotel in Dubai. There was champagne in abundance and some of the performers on ground for the all-night gig included DJ Jimmy Jatt, leading comedian, Basketmouth, singer Wizkid and rapper Naeto C. It was the summer party to be at.The next day, the wedding proper held at the JW Marriot Marquis Hotel on the same street. Most of the floors at the hotel and the nearby Mirage Palace were occupied by th...

Digital Marketing Scope in 2019Whether you are a student looking to take up digital marketing as a career or someone who ain’t really enjoying his current job and wishes to make a switch. Or even someone who desires to make some money online. Yes, Digital Marketing can very well be an apt option. And digital marketing scope is immense, as you would read.Let me explain to you on what Digital Marketing is. Digital Marketing is a process where we use Digital platforms like the search engine, emails, videos, apps to signNow to our prospective customers who would be willing to pay for our products or services. And that’s the reason why every business exists. To sell their products or services and make some great profits or returns. But what’s in store for you from learning all of this? The point is simple.If you can learn digital marketing and help a few companies in their businesses, can’t you apply the same marketing techniques to your passion and build a business around it and make monetary benefits? Yes, my friend, you can very well do that. That’s digital marketing scope.Being a graduate in electronics stream, I never imagined that I would be working as a digital marketer – but now I feel so proud of my decision. You may get a little disappointed with your initial salary, but the work makes up for that. The work is satisfying and challenging, yet stress-free.Small Exercise. Can you identify all digital and traditional marketing icons?Let me elaborate and give you Solid reasons on why Digital Marketing has a great scope.1. Easy to Learn, Yet PowerfulDo you hate programming? Do you hate that usual IT jobs that everyone seems to be running behind? What if I told you that there is an alternative that requires no programming knowledge or background and is easy to learn and yet powerful in applications?Yes, it’s digital marketing.You need not even leave the comfort of your home and you can grasp almost all of its fundamentals by starting a test blog ( a random blog to understand digital marketing fundamentals ). And what do you get in return?The abundance of job opportunities once you complete the basic certifications. For every business knows that a great marketing campaign has the power to change their fate and make them tons of profit.Freelance opportunities to make money if you are willing to develop strategies and put in efforts and time to make the things possible.A great career path.That’s digital marketing scope. That’s really versatile and amazing!Also Read: Why Graduates Need to Build a Rewarding Career In Digital Marketing2. Abundance Of Job OpportunitiesNow, it would be bad of me to say that without showing you the proofs.More than 1.5 Lakh jobs all over India!You see it? There are around 1.5 Lakh jobs all over India. But how can there be so many job opportunities in any field? All that boils down to two reasons.According to recent survey there will be around 3 Lakh job opportunities are going to available in 2019.2.1 Rapid Boom of Smartphones and Digital MediaYes, who can ignore the fact that a huge number of people are getting connected to the Internet each day? There would be around 500 million users just from India.The explosive growth of Internet users in India!Additionally, each user is spending more time on their devices, with average being around 50 minutes each day.What does all that mean? Huge demand for digital marketers to target this ever-increasing audience of people online.2.2 Decline Of Conventional MarketingAlso, the conventional Marketing has been on a constant decline since the starting of the century. Moreover, traditional Marketing is quite expensive and hence only large companies or MNCs could ever think about spending in it.But since Digital Marketing provides budget flexibility, ability to target custom groups, better conversion ratios and even Analytics to give up a complete picture of our marketing campaigns, it’s no wonder that every form of business can employ it. Whether its a big MNC like Coca-Cola or a startup, right near your place, anyone can employ it to signNow their prospective customers.The demand-supply chain is clearly not in balance and with time, the gap is expected to widen. It’s the job opportunities where digital marketing scope is limitless.And a couple of more points about Digital Marketing if you wish to take it up as a job or a career option.3. The job is Quite SecureHow can I make a statement like that? And how can a job become insecure?Any Job field can become insecure because of the automation. And the automation has been going in on for quite some time.I clearly remember the time when a friend of mine, who was working for a software company was asked to resign willfully for his job could now be performed by computers and algorithms.But this is still a distant dream for digital marketing. Digital marketing is a skillset and a process that involves understanding human intentions, doing manual research, performing experimentations a multiple times, patience and time among other things to make some real success and create perfect campaigns or strategies that make constant money. And machines can’t have all these properties. At least not now.And even if you don’t like your current job, there would be always an abundance of jobs for you. And things get pretty good once you acquire some experience.More than 2000 Jobs in Bangalore itself.As you would get experienced in the field and develop some skills, I promise that it won’t be you looking out for the companies. But vice-versa too.4. Relatively Stress-Free JobI used to dread about working for a company for I would observe a few of my friends directly heading for a sleep after having a tiresome day at their office. I always wanted to have some energy and time with me to get myself involved in other productive things, like going to a gym.Now, I can’t make a general statement regarding the work nature of a digital marketer. Somone can be working as a PPC expert, other as a content writer or someone as a social media expert. But from my little experience and what I have heard from my marketing friends, the work is quite satisfying and relatively stress-free.Provided you have strong basics and are willing to keep yourself updated, you would enjoy working as a digital marketer. Do share us your experiences if you ever worked in this field.5. Career Path As A Digital MarketerThough you may start at a low salary, you may end up experiencing exponential growth once you start acquiring experience and developing your skills.Digital Marketer Salary LadderYou even have the other career path available. After becoming proficient as a digital marketer, you can go for a data analyst and then to a data scientist. And I will leave it to you to Google the average salaries of a Data Scientist. Aren’t you surprised?6. Freelancing OpportunitiesThis is one of the main reason on why I insist people read digital marketing.Imagine you start an amazing blog that has some killer content. Or imagine you start a YouTube channel which has tons of great videos. You put in your time but you still didn’t get any results. You worked on your ideas for 6 months but the results were nothing in proportion to what you did.The situation is similar to a company that has a great product but doesn’t know how to signNow people. As you can guess, it would be an utter flop. Had the company or you knew the marketing basics and strategies, you could have flipped your fate and got some great results. That’s where marketing makes difference! What’s the use of a blog or a YouTube channel or a great product if it’s not able to get people’s eyes?And let me give you some Freelance ideas that you can probably take up after reading digital marketing.6.1 Make Blogs For PeopleOkay, the first idea exploits people’s fear that making a blog or website is a quite difficult and challenging task. How can you possibly benefit from it? Once you learn digital marketing, you would be able to set up a blog or a website in a few hours for anyone. Here are the steps.Set up a blog on digital marketing.Explain it to people. Write great blog posts. They can be in your local language too.Get Traffic to your blog. That’s your job.Include a page on your site where people can hire you to work for them.Do good work. Get their dreams running online. And charge them up as per your wish. Here’s is one blog I made for my friend and made some profit.6.2 Start a YouTube ChannelIf you have any good camera and a great idea, why not make a YouTube channel and make money from your videos? Though it may have become a little difficult on YouTube lately, with a proper content, you can still win the game and make a great money.My Adsense Earning from YouTube channel!6.3 Follow your passion And Start Your BlogDon’t get disappointed if you don’t have a camera. Just work on your passion and think about adding value or solving people’s problems. I have been also trying to work on my blog and possibly make it as one of my income sources. And with a very little investment, there is no one stopping you from starting your niche blog except yourself.6.4 Design T-shirtsDo you love designing? Did you learn Digital marketing? Head over to websites like My Dream Store where we can create our custom designed shirt and make money every time someone purchases it. I did give it try and had a few successful sales.6.5 Affiliate MarketingOr why not become an affiliate and review products and services to provide people with true, in-depth and unbiased reviews? A lot of people have made this their career and make great sums of money as an affiliate.Remember – Nothing of these is an instant cash making method. Only if you understand marketing properly and are willing to put in required efforts and time, you would be able to see some results.7. Or Better – Go your own way!While working in Digital marketing, allocate a small amount of your time to your hobbies or passions and develop a blog or a YouTube channel around that.A lot of Hard work and you can be your own boss!Not only would it help you to learn digital marketing in a practical sense, but would allow you to make monetary benefits from it in the future if you remain committed and consistent. That’s what everyone should be aiming at after learning digital marketing.Find the things that really excite you.Build a blog or a YouTube channel and provide a great value to people.Work persistently employing proper marketing techniques and you may soon be able to ditch the corporate system and be your own boss.John Chow is one of the Internet marketers who makes a million dollar each year through his blog. You can have time, money and space freedom to do whatever you care about as John talks about every once and then.Join UsWith over 5200+ Students trained and a consistent 5* ratings, head over to Social Prachar to get started in Digital Marketing and give wings to your dreams. We offer classroom training exclusively in Hyderabad. But we do have online courses to make sure that you learn from the comfort of your place.Hope that you found this blog useful. We would be so grateful if you can share this up. We hope that you stay blessed and hungry and work on your goals until they are achieved.

Digital marketing consist wide range of career options and you can master your skill set in any one of the particular domains of digital marketing like:- Social Media Marketing ManagerSocial media is a platform where anyone can express their views and if other people like your thinking then you might even turn into a social media influencer too.The main job of the social media manager is to look After the social listening, campaign and find out the behavior of the potential consumers who then are targeted.- Google Ads SpecialistGoogle is the biggest search engine and putting your ad in front of thousands of potential buyers would indeed increase the revenue of a business.The job of a Google ads specialist is to look after the campaigns that have been built on the Google platform and products.- Analytics ManagerData is the lifeblood of a digital marketing campaign. Without data if you are taking any kind of decision then that is very equivalent to hitting your target in a dark room. And you would not like that to happen.Analytics manager make the strategies based on the data with other departments of the company and make viable plan for the future.- SEO SpecialistSearch engine optimization specialist’s job is to maintain the ranking of the website on the search engine and continuously updating the website with great content with the help and assistance of the content writer.- Conversion Rate Optimization SpecialistThe job of any campaign is to move the users to the landing page of the website and there, job of the ad is completed, now is your website been able to convert that user into a customer depends in the content there on the site.And here, the role of CRO specialist comes into play.At IIADM, you get the opportunity to learn about these topics deeply and get the most actionable tips that the industry experts use to drive home great results.

Digital Marketing is the future (I'm not saying this because I'm one). A simple comparison between traditional and digital marketing will give a clear picture of which one is better.Luckily, digital marketing in India has just started to gather lot of momentum and there is a huge demand for such professionals.There are lots of resources online where you can learn about digital marketing for free but it will take a lot of time to find quality content.Doing a course will give you a good understanding of the digital marketing ecosystem. You can then choose to specialise in any of the roles currently existing for such professionals.Eventually it all comes down to individual skills. The more experience you gain the better you become.One thing is for sure, the digital marketing storm has well and truly set the foot in India. Go ahead and pursue it.If you need any help with it let me know.