Request eSignature Document Myself

As a startup founder of three years myself, I can relate to how legal housekeeping can be messy. Once a year, I have our own lawyers go through and do an audit of all of our legal paperwork (which costs a couple thousand dollars to be extremely thorough, but it’s worth it). Luckily, there are now many ways to easily manage and track all of your legal, financial, and HR documents via third-party sites that specialize in these management proceedings. I wrote a blog post about this awhile back titled “5 Ways to Save Time Dealing With Documents” which highlights certain sites that can be very beneficial depending on what paperwork you’d like to track or manage. They are as follows:1. GroupDocsGroupDocs is a new, comprehensive online service for document creation and management. It has multiple features, including a viewer for reading documents in your browser, an electronic signature service, an online document converter, a document assembly service, a feature for comparing different versions of a document, and an annotation feature. An individual plan is $10 per month for limited storage and 500 documents, while a group plan for up to 9 people is $19 per user per month. Based on the number of features and pricing, GroupDoc is a good-value purchase for a small business. As you’ll see below, GroupDocs can be cheaper than a service that offers only one such feature.2. signNowWhen you’re closing a deal and need to get documents signed, the last thing you need is a slow turnaround due to fax machine problems or the postal service. The solution is to use an electronic signature service such as signNow, which is one of the most popular e-signature companies in the world. This service allows you to email your documents to the person whose signature you need. Next, the recipient undergoes a simply e-signing process, and then signNow alerts you when the process is completed. Finally, signNow electronically stores the documents, which are accessible at any time. As a result, you can easily track the progress of the signature process and create an audit trail of your documents. The “Professional” plan is recommended for sole proprietors and freelancers, and costs $180 per year ($15 per month) for up to 50 requested signatures per month. The “Workgroup” plan is geared towards teams and businesses, and it costs $240 per user per year ($20 per month per user), for unlimited requested signatures.3. signNowsignNow is another e-signature service. Similar to signNow, signNow allows you to upload a PDF file, MS Word file or web application document. Next, you can edit the document, such as by adding initials boxes or tabs, and then email them out for signatures. Once recipients e-sign the document, signNow notifies you and archives the document. signNow offers low rates for these services: a 1-person annual plan with unlimited document sending costs $11 per month. An annual plan for 10 senders with unlimited document sending costs only $39 per month.4. ExariExari is a document assembly and contract management service that assists in automating high-volume business documents, such as sales agreements or NDAs. First, the document assembly service allows authors to create automated document templates. No technical knowledge is required; most authors are business analysts and lawyers. Authors have a variety of options for customizing documents, such as fill-in-the-blank fields, optional clauses, and dynamic updating of topic headings. They also can add questions that the end user must answer. Once you send out the document, the user answers the questionnaire, and Exari uses that data to customize the document. Next, the contract management feature allows you to store and track both the templates and the signed documents. Pricing is based on the size and scope of your planned implementation, so visit their website for more information.5. FillanyPDFIt’s a hassle having to print out PDF forms in order to complete them. Fortunately, FillanyPDF is a service that allows you to edit, fill out and send any PDFs, while entirely online. This “Fill & Sign” plan costs $5 per month, or $50 per year. If you subscribe to the “Professional” plan, you can also create fillable PDFs using your own documents. With this service, any PDF, JPG or GIF file becomes fillable when you upload it to the site. You can modify a form using white-out, redaction and drawing tools. Then, you can email a link to your users, who can fill out and e-sign your form on the website. FillanyPDF also allows you to track who filled out your forms, and no downloads are necessary to access these services.  The “Professional” plan costs $49 per month, or $490 per year.Switching firms can be a hassle. As a former startup attorney, I have a bit of advice about finding the right attorney for your business: it’s best to focus on the specific attorney you’ll be working with. He or she should have a solid understanding of the ins and outs of your business industry, a deep knowledge of the legal issues your startup may face, and previous work experience with startups to ensure a quality and efficient work product. This is absolutely key when matching our startup clients at UpCounsel to attorneys on our platform who can perform their legal work and hash out their legal projects in a timely manner. We also allow clients to store any and all of their legal documents directly on UpCounsel so they don’t have to go searching in alternative places for the correct paperwork. It’s proven to be a free and lightweight way to store legal documents that our clients love. Here's what it looks like:As I’ve mentioned, it’s more important to find the right attorney as opposed to the right law firm. And seeing as you’re a startup, our own startup clients typically save an average of 50-60% on their legal work, since the attorneys don't include overhead fees (a.k.a. the fees included for doing business with the firm itself) in their invoices.Hope this gives you a deeper look into what other sites and services are out there. If you have any questions or would like more information on how best to handle your legal housekeeping/ attorney matters, feel free to signNow out to me directly. As a former startup attorney at Latham & Watkins, I’d be happy to give you some guidance.

|| जय भवानी जय शिवाजी ||Shivaji Maharaj was the founder of the Maratha kingdom. Born on 1627 AD at Shivneri near Pune, Shivaji went on to become a Maratha hero who gave the Moslem invaders a tough time. His father Shahaji Raje Bhosale was in the army of Bijapur Sultan and he grew up under the care of his mother Jijabai and Dadaji Kondadev, his guardian.He Built a Powerful Naval ArmyShivaji Maharaj at a very early stage realized the importance of Naval force. He not only protected the Konkan coast from the pirates but also made sure it remained independent from foreign invaders including the Dutch, Portuguese and the English. What’s more, he also built naval forts at Jaigad, Vijaydurg, Singhudurg and other places. He also had four different kinds of warships including Manjuhasm Pals, Gurabs and Gallibats.It was Shivaji who formed a Professional Army of MarathasBefore Shivaji came in force, there was no proper Maratha army. It was Shivaji Maharaj who formed a formal army where several soldiers were paid throughout the year for their services. The Maratha army was divided into several units and each unit had 25 soldiers. The 25 soldiers reported to Havaldar who then reported to Jumladar. Both Hindus and Muslims were appointed in the army without any discrimination.At the age of 15, Shivaji Acquired Forts by BribingWhen Shivaji was only 15 he bribed Inayat Khan, a Bijapuri commander to hand him the fort of Torna. Next, Shivaji also got the possession of Kondana fort after bribing an Adilshahi commander. Besides, the commander of Chakan fort became a Shivaji loyalist. Seeing Shivaji as a threat, Mohammed Adilshah imprisoned his father Shahaji Raje. Later Shahiji was conditionally released.The Combat with the Mighty Afzal KhanShivaji is known for his combat with the Adilsahahi general Afzhal Khan. Both of them were supposed to meet carrying only a sword with just one follower. Shivaji speculated that Afzhal Khan would attack him so he wore armor beneath his dress. Different accounts narrate different stories as to who initiated the first attack/ However, it is interesting to see how a small man both in built and size could easily defeat and kill the huge general Afzal Khan in a combat.Shivaji Maintained Peaceful Relations with MughalsShivaji maintained peaceful relations with the Mughals. In fact, Shivaji even offered his assistance to Aurangzeb for capturing Bijapur. In return he was guaranteed formal right to the forts and villages which were under his possession. However, things started deteriorating when Shivaji’s officer raided areas near Mughal Territory of Ahmednagar and later in Junnar. Soon, even the Mughals retaliated by raiding Shivaji’s territory.Shivaji Had to Fight with His Half Brother VenkojiAll the negotiations made by Shivaji with his half brother Venkoji failed and this is the reason why the two brother fought each other in 1677. However, Shivaji defeated Venkoji and took most of his possessions. Later, Venkoji’s wife Dipa Bai made new negotiations with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and even convinced her husband to stay away from Moslem advisors.

GST is not a Law, it is a Festival… atleast as of now, it seems like that!Law - Law is a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior.[1]Festival - A festival is an event ordinarily celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect of that community and its religion or traditions.[2]Until now, GST has barely exhibited characteristics of a Legal enforcement, but more of a joyful celebration for a day coming soon -Everyone is happy that GST is coming, like we are before Eid or Diwali.Everyone is cleaning their Accounts & Business, like we clean our houses before Diwali or such festivals.Everyone is preparing their business, documents, accounts, employees, etc. for GST, like we prepare special food, buy crackers or items for celebration before a festival.Everyone is contacting suppliers, customers & consultants, planning how routine would be like under GST, just like we plan with our friends & family, where & when, what & how we will celebrate the festival.So it doesn’t seem like a law that is coming, it’s a festival; and we all know, in festivals, all of us prepare, participate and enjoy! Everyone in the house, has some role to play. That’s one more common charteristic.What does the situation look like? A practical insight.Let’s say I am businessperson, running a medium scale manufacturing business. With the advent of GST, I will need the following services.GST migration and registrationProduct Pricing strategy under GST regime (recaculation of MRP & re-negotiation of distributor’s margins)Re-consideration of Suppliers of Raw Materials, their Cost, which state to buy from and whether some better suppliers exist, since now the tax would be almost equivalentGuidance with regards to Transitional provisionsSoftware upgradationFirm wide training for employeesReturn filing under New Law and adjusted returns under the Old Laws.I will have three options to resolve the above issues -Outsource it to my existing Professional (most probably the professional would be a Chartered Accountant, can be tax consultant at times)Hire some new professional providing specialized GST services (if I am not confident about my current professionals capabilities)Hire new employees who are skilled in handling this.Train myself and my employees to handle the new situation.Now consider both the issues and options available -Do I need Chartered Accountant specifically anywhere? Do I need CA approval or signature anywhere? - No.Do I need Cost & Management Accountant specifically anywhere? Do I need CMA approval or signaure anywhere? - No.What kind of help do I need? - Anyone with thorough knowledge of GST law who can help me with implementation.What would be my preference? - My existing professional provides me the services, I won’t prefer somebody new, unless there are added benefits.What would be my cost preference? - I am not going to get any benefit from GST (Credit would be passed on; Future hassles would be reduced, but current implementation also involves hardships). I want the right guidance at least possible cost.So the conclusion is - it is more about learning, rather than degree. Even a Bcom graduate can take the benefit of opportunities created by GST, if he/she takes the efforts of learning.Specific Comparision of Opportunities between CAs and CMAsGST Registrations - For registration or migration, most obviously, businesses might have preferred going to their regular Chartered Accountants. However, if other professionals, whether CA or CMA or even CS, were smart enough, they would have definitely pitched in and tried to grab a new client.Pre-GST, Post-GST Implementation - This is one area which Big firms made a lot of money from - “Dear Client, don’t you worry. We will guide you with things to be done during Pre-GST period and also help you with Post-GST implementation. We will charge you Rs. (a big bill) only.” Fear, once again, being used as a tool to manipulate & earn abnormally. This service can be provided by any one who knows what GST is, whether CA or CMA.GST Training - While ago, there was a dearth of Public Speakers in this profession. All of sudden, every tom, dick & harry is now conducting sessions of GST. More than knowledge or skills, here the contacts have worked for them. So people who had networked before, have grabbed the opportunities. These opportunities are again, available to both, CAs and CMAs.Pricing Revisions & Strategy - This is one area where usually CMAs would be working in Corporates and therefore, an opportunity for them to pitch in, however, definitely many Chartered Accountants would have tried to grab these opportunities.GST Returns & Compliance - This is more of a maintenance service. Now whoever has supplied the asset, the maintenance contract would also go the same vendor. Similarly, whoever has helped the company with GST implementation, certainly they have a much higher chance of being appointed to file GST returns and take care of compliances.Jobs in Indirect Taxation - Jobs in Indirect Taxation are available to both Chartered Accountants and Cost & Management Accountants currently. With GST, I think the slight preference that Chartered Accountants get, may get reduced marginally and in future, we might see a tough competition between Chartered Accountants, Cost & Management Accountants, Tax Consultants and Accountants in company, to gain the regular services. Whoever, outsmarts the others, wins the opportunity.GST era brings new opportunities for all, not just Chartered Accountants or Cost & Management Accountants.Politicians, especially the ruling party in the centre is the one most benefitted from GST. It will obviously bring them more votes. Non-ruling parties are happy that they have a new topic to tease Government on and for.State Governments are happy because under the hood of GST, they have collected higher taxes from the Businesses. VAT rates were increased under the name of bringing equity with GST rates.Information Technology Enabled Software (ITES) companies are happy that now they can serve some new softwares & ERPs for GST. Customers will have to buy these new softwares or atleast purchase an upgrade to the existing ones.Corporates are happy because now they will get credit of Service Tax against VAT and vice versa.Businesses are happy that ‘maybe’ the tax compliances would be easier.E-tailers are happy because now they have a new reason to give Discounts ‘Pre-GST Sale’ and clear their stocks.Freshers are happy because they have more opportunities to look forward to or the companies have increased their hiring capacity.Salaried People are happy because they have got nothing to do with this. It’s just everyone is celebrating, so why we should be behind.Remember, opportunity for someone, means threat for others.If someone is getting opportunity, certainly it is threat for somebody else, since the balance of environment is maintained automatically. While Government, Consultants & everyone have highlighted the benefits of GST, one important short term hassle that everyone has to face would be ‘inflated prices’. Yes, that’s exactly opposite of what GST is brought for, but it’s true.The prices under GST would fall (‘by 5%’ everyone mentions prices would fall, but nobody mentions this would be just a marginal change). These prices would fall when the manufacturers and the entire chain of suppliers pass on that credit. Do you really think everyone would just reduce their prices immediately?The opposition party had also requested for including a ‘Price Monitoring Cell’ under GST as an ‘Anti-Profiteering Measure’, to ensure that the companies are passing on the credit to the ultimate consumer and reduce the prices of products. Hoever, neither the corporates supported, nor the Government considered it a matter as signNow as it should have been considered.[3]Conclusion: GST is going to be effective very soon. All those who were going to be benefitted from GST have already taken the benefits. It was an opportunity for all professionals to reshape their clientele. Primarily, the existing Professional Service Providers, whether CA or CMA would have been benefitted, since they are the go-to-contact, unless somebody else pitched in, with a better offer & services. However, who and how many such professionals outsmarted the others, who really took the benefit of this open market situation, cannot be quantified. Anyways, now it’s your turn, the aam aadmi, to firstly take the wrath of GST, & then wait to reap its benefit, someday! GST is good, I expected better.Footnotes[1] Law - Wikipedia[2] Festival - Wikipedia[3] GST: anti-profiteering measures necessary?

Sample ApplicationDate :To,The Public Information Officer,Centre for Cultural Resources and TrainingPlot No. 15A, Sector – 7, DwarkaNew Delhi - 110075Sub:-Request for information under RTI ActDear Sir,I ______________________________ Son/ Daughter / Wife of ____________________ resident of______________________________________________________________ Telephone No. (withSTD Code) / Mobile No. – (______) __________________ wish to seek information, under the RTI Act, 2005 from Centre for Cultural Resources and Training, New Delhi. I, hereby, declare that I am a Citizen of India and information sought in this application will be used in the best of the Public Interest. I further assure you that, I shall not allow/ cause to use / Pass / share / display / or circulate the information received in any case and under any circumstances, with any person or in any manner which would be detrimental to the Unity / Sovereignty or against the Interest of India.1. The information needed is in the form of ___________ Documents / Clarification.(Plz. Tick whichever applicable)2. The Information sought pertains to your head office CCRT, New Delhi / CCRT Regional CentreHyderabad / CCRT Regional Centre Udaipur.(Plz. Tick whichever applicable)3. The Required Information is for the period - ___________ to ______________.4. The information sought is related to -------- Myself / Third Party(Plz. Tick whichever applicable)5. The particular / details of Information / Documents asked for is given below:-________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. I have deposited the required RTI Fee amount of Rs. 10/- (Rupees Ten Only) towards application fee through Cash (Receipt enclosed) / Demand Draft / Banker’s Cheque / Indian Postal Order (Strike Out Whichever not Applicable) favouring ‘Centre for Cultural Resources and Training, New Delhi’ Payable at ___________ (the place where application is deposited). Further, I also undertake to pay any additional fees/charges (if applicable) as prescribed under the RTI Act.Kindly provide the information as soon as possible & within time frame as stipulated under RTI Act, 2005.(Name and Signature of the Applicant)Address:- ______________________________Tel. No. (office):- _______________________ (Res.):- _______________________E-mail Address, if any _________________________

Thank you for A2A.Yes and No both . UPSC PRELIMS is beyond 1000 coaching institutes who do not understand the demand and nature of exam and lakhs of aspirants who blindly depend on them.But UPSC PRELIMS is most predictable and safe exam if you understand it . I myself has proved by clearing all 6 prelims back to back with huge margins( 145- GS1).Let me explain YOU (Ladies and Gentlemen)This is the breakup of subjects this yearHere only 20 were pure current affairs. Other 12 were contemporary topics and were 1 year old so can’t be categorized as current affairs directly. Thus the bulk of questions came from Static and FundamentalsSantosh Sir Prediction before exam :Now read what I had predicted before exam.I had categorically suggested that this year they will focus on Fundamentals and static. Reading and following websites and mugging up stupid compilations will be a waste of time.I had asked to read newspapers , the Hindu .Most of questions are picked from The Hindu like the species one ,etcMy subject distribution was also close.Which section in the prelims 2019 is expected to give more questions according to the trend?I request you go through all my posts and see how relevant they were for PRELIMS 2019.I had strictly warned not to read bulky govt scheme compilation , it was suicidal . I had suggested only few . And I was bang on - only one scheme came which i had suggested Atal innocation mission.1. In India,'extended producer responsibility' was introduced as an important feature in which of the following?(a) The Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998(b) The Recycled plastic (Manufacturing and Usage) Rules, 1999(c) The e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011(d) The Food Safety and Standard Regulations, 2011My Topic List 3.5 Important topics from environment “ Extended Producer Responsibility”2.Under Ramsar Convention, it is mandatory on the part of the Government of India to protect and conserve all the wetlands in the territory of India.3. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 were framed by the Government of India based on the recommendations of Ramsar Convention.3. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 also encompass the drainage area or catchment regions of the wetlands as determined by the authority.Which of the statements given above is / are correct?(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3My Topic List Important topics from environment : Ramsar Wetland3.As per law, the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority exists at both National and State levels.2. People's participation is mandatory in the compensatory afforestation programmes carried out under the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016.Which of the statements given above is / are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2CAMPA Compensatory afforestationMy Topic List Important topics from environment: CAMPA4. In the context of which one of the following are the terms 'pyrolysis and plasma gasification' mentioned?(a) Extraction of rare earth elements(b) Natural gas extraction technologies(c) Hydrogen fuel-based automobiles(d) Waste-to-energy technologiesMy Topic List : Waste to energy5. In India, the use of carbofuran, methyl parathion, phorate and triazophos is viewed with apprehension. These chemicals are used as(a) pesticides in agriculture(b) preservatives in processed foods(c) fruit-ripening agents(d) moisturising agents in cosmeticsMy Topic List 3.5 Important topics from environment:: Stockhom-Persistant Organic Pollutatnt5. Why is there a great concern about the 'microbeads' that are released into environment?(a) They are considered harmful to marine ecosystems.(b) They are considered to cause skin cancer in children.(c) They are small enough to be absorbed by crop plants in irrigated fields.(d) They are often found to be used as food adulterants.My Topic List 3.5 Important topics from environment: Dead Zones in Ocean6. Consider the following statements about Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India:1. PVTGs reside in 18 States and one Union Territory.2. A stagnant or declining population is one of the criteria for determining PVTG status.3. There are 95 PVTGs officially notified in the country so far.4. Irular and Konda Reddi tribes are included in the list of PVTGs.Which of the statements given above are correct?(a) 1, 2 and 3(b) 2, 3 and 4(c) 1, 2 and 4(d) 1, 3 and 4My Topic List Important Environment Topics :PVTGs in A&N( Tribes)7. Which of the following are the reasons for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India?1. Genetic predisposition of some people2. Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases3. Using antibiotics in livestock farming4. Multiple chronic diseases in some peopleSelect the correct answer using the code given below.(a) 1 and 2(b) 2 and 3 only(e) 1, 3 and 4(d) 2, 3 and 4My Topic List Important Anti Microbial Resistance and Policy8. With reference to Mian Tansen, which one of the following statements is not correct?(a) Tansen was the title given to him by Emperor Akbar.(b) Tansen composed Dhrupads on Hindu gods and goddesses.(c) Tansen composed songs on his patrons.(d) Tansen invented many Ragas.9. Consider the following statements:1. Saint Nimbarka was a contem-porary of Akbar.2. Saint Kabir was greatly influenced by Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2My Topic lis :Kabir and Akbar10. Consider the following statements:1. Most of India's external debt is owed by governmental entities.2. All of India's external debt is denominated in US dollars.Which of the statements given above is / are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Debt11. Which one of the following is not the most likely measure the Government/RBI takes to stop the slide of Indian rupee?(a) Curbing imports of non-essential goods-and promoting exports(b) Encouraging Indian borrowers to issue rupee denominated Masala Bonds(c) Easing conditions relating to external commercial borrowing(d) Following an expansionary monetary policyRBI steps to check currency devaluation12. In the context of India, which of the following factors is/are contributor/ contributors to reducing the risk of a currency crisis?1. The foreign currency earnings of India's IT sector2. Increasing the government expenditure3. Remittances from Indians abroadSelect the correct answer using the code given below.(a) 1 only(b) 1 and 3 only(c) 2 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer: bCurrency Crisis13. Which of the following is issued by registered foreign portfolio investors to overseas investors who want to be part of the Indian stock market without registering themselves directly?(a) Certificate of Deposit(b) Commercial Paper(c) Promissory Note(d) Participatory NoteP notes14.1. No High Court shall have the jurisdiction to declare any central law to be constitutionally invalid.2. An amendment to the Constitution of India cannot be called into question by the Supreme Court of India.Which of the statements given above is / are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2My Topic List : Amendments15. Building 'Kalyaana Mandapas' was a notable feature in the temple construction in the kingdom of(a) Chalukya(b) Chandela(c) Rashtrakuta(d) VijayanagaraVijayanagar empire (Themes part II) (chap 6)16. Atal Innovation Mission is set up under the(a) Department of Science and Technology(b) Ministry of Employment(c) NITI Aayog(d) Ministry of Skill Development and EntrepreneurshipMt Topic List : AIM17.1.The 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India introduced an Article placing the election of the Prime Minister beyond judicial review.2. The Supreme Court of India struck down the 99th Amendment to the Constitution of India as being violative of the independence of judiciary.44th AmendmentWhich of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Amendments and HC18. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) exchange rates are calculated by comparing the prices of the same basket of goods and services in different countries.2. In terms of PPP dollars, India is the sixth largest economy in the world.Which of the statements given above is / are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2GDP -PPP19. With reference to the Constitution of India, prohibitions or limitations or provisions contained in ordinary laws cannot act as prohibitions or limitations on the constitutional powers under Article 142. It could mean which one of the following?(a) The decisions taken by the Election Commission of India while discharging its duties cannot be challenged in any court of law.(b) The Supreme Court of India is not constrained in the exercise of its powers by laws made by the Parliament.(c) In the event of grave financial crisis in the country, the President of India can declare Financial Emergency without the counsel from the Cabinet.(d) State Legislatures cannot make laws on certain matters without the concurrence of Union Legislature.Advisory Jurisdiction20.1. As per recent amendment to the Indian Forest Act, 1927, forest dwellers have the right to fell the bamboos grown on forest areas.2. As per the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, bamboo is a minor forest produce.3. The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 allows ownership of minor forest produce to forest dwellers.Which of the statements given above is / are correct?(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3FRA 200621. In the context of polity, which one of the following would you accept as the most appropriate definition of liberty?(a) Protection against the tyranny of political rulers(b) Absence of restraint(c) Opportunity to do whatever one likes(d) Opportunity to develop oneself fullyLiberty22. Consider the following statements:1. The 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India introduced an Article placing the election of the Prime Minister beyond judicial review.2. The Supreme Court of India struck down the 99th Amendment to the Constitution of India as being violative of the independence of judiciary.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 244th amendment23. The- motion to impeach a Judge of the Supreme Court of India cannot be rejected by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha as per the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968.2. The Constitution of India defines and gives details of what Constitutes 'incapacity and proved misbehaviour' of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India.3. The details of the process of impeachment of the Judges of the Supreme Court of India are given in the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968.4. If the motion for the impeachment of a Judge is taken up for voting, the law requires the motion to be backed by each House of the Parliament and supported by a majority of total membership of that House and by not less than two-thirds of total members of that House present and voting.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 and 2(b) 3 only(c) 3 and 4 only(d) 1, 3 and 4Judges removal24. Asiatic Lion Conservation Project ( endangered, canine distemper virus, Gir, Pania sanctuary)25. What is common to the places known as Aliyar, Isapur and Kangsabati?(a) Recently discovered uranium deposits(b) Tropical rain forests(c) Underground cave systems(d) Water reservoirsAnswer: DIndian Major Dams- New dams26. Under which Schedule of the Constitution of India can the transfer of tribal land to private parties for mining be declared null and void?(a) Third Schedule(b) Fifth Schedule(c) Ninth Schedule(d) Twelfth Schedule27. The Ninth Schedule was introduced in the Constitution of India during the prime ministership of(a) Jawaharlal Nehru(b) Lal Bahadur Shastri(c) Indira Gandhi(d) Morarji DesaiSchedules28. In the context of which of the following do some scientists suggest the use of cirrus cloud thinning technique and the injection of sulphate aerosol into stratosphere?(a) Creating the artificial rains in some regions(b) Reducing the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones(c) Reducing the adverse effects of solar wind on the Earth(d) Reducing the global warmingClimate engineering –carbon capture, Bio char, stratospheric aerosol injection29. Consider the following:1. Deification of the Buddha2. Treading the path of Bodhisattvas3. Image worship and ritualsWhich of the above is/are the feature/ features of Mahayana Buddhism?(a) 1 only(b) 1 and 2 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3My Topic list :Buddhism features30.The Environment Protection Act, 1986 empowers the Government of India to1. state the requirement of public participation in the process of environmental protection, and the procedure and manner in which it is sought2. lay down The standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from various sourcesWhich of the statements given above is/ are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2My topic List :EPA31.1. The Parliament (Prevention of Disqualification) Act, 1959 exempts several posts from disqualification on the grounds of 'Office of Profit'.2. The above-mentioned Act was amended five times.3. The term 'Office of Profit' is well-defined in the Constitution of India.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 3 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3My Topic List Polity : Office of profitoffice of Profit32.1.According to the Indian Patents Act, a biological process to create a seed can be patented in India.2. In India, there is no Intellectual Property Appellate Board.3. Plant varieties are not eligible to be patented in India.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?(a) 1 and 3 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3My Topic List :Indian Patent and Farmer right33.In the context of wearable technology, which of the following tasks is/are accomplished by wearable devices?1. Location identification of a person2. Sleep monitoring of a person3. Assisting the hearing impaired personSelect the correct answer using the code given below.(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3My topic List :Cyber Physical System34.Recently, scientists observed the merger of giant 'blackholes' billions of light-years away from the Earth. What is the significance of this observation?(a) 'Higgs boson particles' were detected.(b) 'Gravitational waves' were detected.(e) Possibility of inter-galactic space travel through 'wormhole' was confirmed.(d) It enabled the scientists to understand 'singularity'.My topic List :Gravitational waves35.Consider the following pairs:Movement/OrganizationLeader1. All India Anti-Untouchability LeagueMahatma Gandhi2. All India Kisan SabhaSwami Sahajanand Saraswati3. Self-Respect MovementE. V. Ramaswami NaickerWhich of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?(a) 1 only(b) 1 and 2 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3My topic List :Self-respect movement37. Consider the following pairs:SeaBordering country1. Adriatic SeaAlbania2. Black SeaCroatia3. Gaspian SeaKazakhstan4. Mediterranean SeaMorocco5. Red SeaSyriaWhich of the pair given above are correctly matched?(a) 1, 2 and 4 only(b) 1, 3 and 4 only(c) 2 and 5 only(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5My Topic List :black Sea and Mediterranean Sea-38. With reference to the Legislative Assembly of a State in India, consider the following statements :1. The Governor makes a customary address to Members of the House at the commencement of the first session of the year .2. When a State Legislature does not have a rule on a particular matter, it follows the Lok Sabha rule on that matter.Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 239. With reference to Indian National Movement, consider the following pairs:PersonPosition held1. Sir Tej Bahadur SapruPresident, All India Liberal Federation2. K. C. NeogyMember, The Constituent Assembly3. P. C. JoshiGeneral Secretary, Communist Party of IndiaMy Topic List :Constituent assemblySantosh Sir Elimination Techniques:Can you share your intelligent guessing tricks?40 . With reference to Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), consider the following statements1. AIIB has more than 80 member nations.2. India is the largest shareholder in AIIB.3. AIIB does not have any members from outside Asia.Which of the statements given above is / are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c). 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer: aHere statement 2 and statement 3 can be eliminated because they are extreme. You can read what I had advised in my intelligent guessing tricks.41. What was the purpose of Inter-Creditor Agreement signed by Indian banks and financial institutions recently?(a) To lessen the Government of India's perennial burden of fiscal deficit nd current account deficit(b) To support the infrastructure projects of Central and State Governments(c) To act as independent regulator in case of applications for loans of Rs. 50 crore or more(d) To aim at faster resolution of stressed assets of Rs. 50 crore or more which are-under consortium lendingAnswer: dHere option c and d can only be the answer as they are common.42. The Chairmen of public sector banks are selected by the(a) Banks Board Bureau(b) Reserve Bank of India(c) Union Ministry of Finance(d) Management of concerned bankAnswer: cTopic List : Banking bsics43. Consider the following statements:1. Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) is the first regulatory body set up by the Government of India.2. One of the tasks of PNGRB is to, ensure competitive markets for gas.3. Appeals against the decisions of PNGRB go before the Appellate Tribunals for Electricity.Which of the statements given above are correct?(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer: bHere also extreme statement like First in option 1 can be eliminated. Thus we get the answer.44. With reference to communication technologies, what is/are the difference / differences between LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and VoLTE (Voice over Long-Term Evolution)?1. LTE 'is commonly marketed as 3G and VoLTE is commonly marketed as advanced 3G.2. LTE is data-only technology and VoLTE is voice-only technology.Select the correct answer using the code given below.(a) 1 only(b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2Answer: dTopic List : 5G 4 G.45. Which one of the following is not a sub-index of the World Bank's 'Ease of Doing Business Index'?(a) Maintenance of law and order(b) Paying taxes(c) Registering property(d) Dealing with construction permitsAnswer: aHere option a is unrelated to the question , thus can be eliminated easily. Other 3 deals with doing business.Some indirect Topics46.The Chairmen of public sector banks are selected by the(a) Banks Board Bureau(b) Reserve Bank of India(c) Union Ministry of Finance(d) Management of concerned bankBanking basics:47.Which of the following is not included in the assets of a commercial bank in India?(a) Advances(b) Deposits(e) Investments(d). Money at call and short noticeMy Topic list :Banking48. With reference to the cultivation of Kharif crops in India in the last five years, consider the following statements:1. Area under rice cultivation is the highest.2. Area under the cultivation of jowar is more than that of oilseeds.3. Area of cotton cultivation is more than that of sugarcane.4. Area under sugarcane cultivation has steadily decreased.Which of the statements given above are correct?(a) 1 and 3 only(b) 2, 3 and 4 only(c) 2 and 4 only(d) 1, 2, 3 and 449. Consider the following statements:A digital signature is1. an electronic record that identifies the signNowing authority issuing it2. used to serve as a proof of identity of an individual to access information or server on Internet.3. an electronic method of signing an electronic document and ensuring that the original content is unchangedWhich of the statements given above is / are correct?(a) 1 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3Answer: dMy Topics list - Digital India51. Which of the following statements are correct about the deposits of 'methane hydrate?1. Global warming might trigger the release of methane gas from these deposits.2. Large deposits of 'methane hydrate' are found in Arctic Tundra and under the seafloor.3. Methane in atmosphere oxidizes to carbon dioxide after a decade or two.Select the correct answer using the code given below.(a) 1 and 2 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only(d) 1, 2 and 3My topic List : Climate change and oceans and Deep Ocean Mining.There are many more which I didn’t include because they were indirect.My point here is if you understand the nature and demand of exam , its easy. I have done it not once but six times . You can also do it.But you have to cut the clutter. If you read and follow unnecessary online stuff daily which UPSC will never ask , you are bound to lose as your precious time will get wasted.For free mains guidance :( AsksantoshSir- telegram)How can I join the PGP program for 2020?We are starting mains guidance in a week . I will continue guiding you in this journey . But always remember

ok i wanted to apply for single status certificate and every one was wierd with their answers so here is the detail about how i got mine.STEP 1 - you have to get a notary document from any notary shop nearby and add these points,a) you are a citizen of india with passport number and your parents name and your residence addressb)mention that you are single and free to marry either in india or outside the borders and you can mention your date of birth that is necessary too.step 2 - go to the SDM office of your area and get the SDM stamp on the document, dont get tehsildar or executive magistrate or assistant of sdm sign on it because it wont be used or approved by the MEA(ministry of external affairs). it will take your day or 2 because these sdm mostly never at there office and the assistant or employees of government wanna give you a run around so they will just push you away. NOBODY IN THE GOVT OFFICE EVEN KNOW ABOUT THIS SO BE READY TO DEAL WITH UNEDUCATED AND UNETHICAL PEOPLE OF ERA WHO WILL WASTE YOUR TIME JUST FOR A STAMP. if they ask you how could i believe you that you are single then you need to show them a decleration from your parents that you are free to marry ( it is not necessary according to the law.step 3 - Google apostile services nearby and go to the company who does apostile and give them the sdm stamped notary document. this is the easiest one you will get it in a day. as MEA dont take docs personally so you have to go through a company. they cost around 75 rs to get everything done. dont get in the trap of people who say its for 4k or 7k rs coz it just cost 100rs not more than that. when i was outside india i signNowed out to these companies they said almost 7k-24k to get everything done. as well you can write a letter of authorisation to authorise your brother or family member to do everything for you if you are outside india.

Since I was a2a, how a case is built is dependent upon the type of crime (fraud, drug trafficking, money laundering, violence, etc.). Discovery of fraud generally involves a report of suspicious activity, a victim’s report, or review of records. Fraud investigations are primarily conducted through collection of pertinent financial records, identifying those involved and their documented activities. Fraud commonly involves a convoluted manipulation of circumstances that requires extensive knowledge of law and applicable regulations.Drug trafficking and associated money laundering generally involve informant information, with the informant commonly being someone arrested for an observed drug violation who turns on their confederates in order to limit their own punishment. That process could lead to an undercover operation and/or involve extensive surveillance of suspects, identification of drug and money stash locations, trash collection at identified locations, and collection of sufficient information to establish probable cause for a search warrant (http://www.quora.com/What-constitutes-probable-cause-for-a-police-officer-to-be-able-to-search-a-car-without-a-warrant/answer/Dan-Robb-2). The search warrant could lead to recovery of evidence, identification of suspects, and seizure of illegal substances or large quantities of currency for which there is no viable explanation.Investigations of crimes against persons are commonly initiated based on a report of what is claimed to be criminal behavior by a witness. The next common step involves interviews indicating where evidence may reside or where other witnesses may be located. Such information is evaluated and corroborated if possible; in that not even all eyewitness testimony is reliable (Robb, 2011). Crime scenes are identified and search is initiated, based either on immediate probable cause or through search warrants. Evidence is collected if possible, then processed for possible identification of suspects (e.g., DNA and/or fingerprints identifiable from data bases of prior offenders, or for comparison with future suspects), and indicators of events are theorized (e.g., accidental versus criminal actions).If no suspects are identifiable, or even if there are possible suspects, how the crime was committed may provide clues linking that crime to a past suspect or past crimes, even without physical evidence with regard to a suspect; or, if a serious crime, investigation may involve more extensive evaluation in a criminal profiling process:Modus Operandi and SignatureD. RobbCMRJ531In 1838, Sir Frederick Roe, a magistrate in London, argued for the employment of specialized police officers to detect crimes (as cited in Dilnot, 1927). The successes of the privately employed Bow Street Runners were cited as an example of the historical presence of recognizing modus operandi, and what could be interpreted as recognition of the value of criminal profiling.Sir Peter Laurie, a City magnate, was positive that the Metropolitan Police could not supersede the runners. ... "These men have been thief catchers all their lives, and know almost every thief in London, and of what he is capable. ... If you take them to a house, and show them that a robbery has been committed, they will tell you directly, by inspection, whether it has been done by an old or by an inexperienced thief." (as cited in Dilnot, 1927, p. 53)Holmes and Holmes (2002), in my opinion, do not adequately address the concepts of Modus Operandi (MO) and Signature. Therefore, further information is provided here. MO is not a new concept. Dilnot stated that "'Modus operandi' is obviously as old as detective work itself" (1927, p. 212). Dilnot did not comment of the exact origins of the position of detective, but he did say that detectives were employed by the Metropolitan Police, under the British Home Secretary, prior to 1845. The daguerreotype photographic process was patented in Europe in 1840, and,had come to America soon afterwards. ... None was more enthusiastic for this medium than Alan Pinkerton. Within a few years he had built up an impressive Rogues Gallery of mugshots and circulated copies of photographs to lawmen all over the country, together with detailed descriptions of physical features, dress, habits, mental characteristics, criminal specialties and mode of operation. (Mackay, 2007, p. 93)Pinkerton (1819-1884), a Scotch immigrant barrel maker and former Deputy Sheriff, headed the de facto national investigative agency (albeit private) in the U.S. during the pre- and post-Civil War era. The emergence of this private agency was apparently due the emergence of interstate commerce (i.e., railroads); the lack legal jurisdiction outside of the city, count, or state; an aversion to central governmental control; parochial thinking; and governmental financial considerations. In 1861, Pinkerton sent a letter to President Lincoln:I have in my Force from Sixteen to Eighteen persons on whose Courage, Skill and Devotion to their country I can rely. If they with myself at the head can be of service in the way of obtaining information of the movements of Traitors, or Safely conveying your letters or dispatches, on that class of Secret Service which is the most dangerous, I am at your command. (as cited in Mackay, 2007, p. 107)Fosdick (1915/1969), a former New York City Commissioner of Accounts, conducted one of the first cross-cultural studies of policing during 1913 and 1914. He was complimentary of the German system of criminal investigation, particularly with regard to the scholarly efforts of Dr. Hans Gross, an academic and criminal justice practitioner. Many European police agencies employed relatively sophisticated criminal classification and referencing systems, to the extent that in some countries, all foreigners were required to record their travels with the local police or face legal sanction. The use of dactyloscopy (fingerprinting) began for Scotland Yard in 1901, after use by English officials in India. And, classification of offenders according to method of operation (MO) by Scotland Yard was begun officially in 1896. However, at the request of London authorities in 1888, Dr. Thomas Bond was apparently cognizant of the concept based on his assessment of the crimes attributed to Jack the Ripper, based on his statement thatall five murders were no doubt committed by the same hand. … All the circumstances surrounding the murders lead me to form the opinion that the women must have been lying down when murdered. …In each case the mutilation was implicated by a person who had no scientific nor anatomical knowledge. …A man subject to periodical attacks of Homicidal and Erotic mania. The murderer in external appearance is quite likely to be a quiet inoffensive looking man, probably middle-aged and neatly and respectfully dressed. He would be solitary and eccentric in his habits, also he is most likely to be a man without regular occupation, but with a small income or pension. (as cited in Kocsis, 2006, p. 4)MO was at that time primarily used for burglary and theft crimes. Fosdick related:What is probably the most ambitious plan of crime classification by methods has been initiated in ... England. ... The so-called "M.O." or Modus Operandi system devised by Major L. W. Atcherley, Chief Constable of the West Riding of Yorkshire Constabulary.His system is more than an index for a single department. It is a cooperative arrangement by which habitual or traveling criminals can be traced from community to community by a comparison of their methods of work. (1915/1969, p. 344)Atcherley's system included 10 categories, and the tenth is somewhat consistent with the concept of signature:1—Classword; kind of property attacked, whether dwelling house, lodging house, hotel, etc.2—Entry; the actual point of entry, front window, back window, etc.3—Means; whether with implements or tools, such as a ladder, jimmy, etc.4—Object; kind of property taken.5—Time; not only time of day or night, but whether church time, market day, during meal hours, etc.6—Style; whether criminal to obtain entrance describes himself as mechanic, canvasser, agent, etc.7—Tale; any disclosure as to his alleged business or errand which the criminal may make.8—Pals; whether crime was committed with confederates, etc.9—Transport; whether bicycle or other vehicle was used in connection with crime.10—Trademark; whether criminal committed any unusual act in connection with crime, such as poisoning a dog, changing his clothes, leaving a note for the owner, etc. (Fosdick, 1915/1969, p. 346)MO and Signature are similar and may be easily confused, one for the other. MO involves those behaviors necessary for the successful commission of a crime; incorporating three elements: 1) success of the crime; 2) protection of identity; and, 3) successful escape (Gee & Belofastov, 2007).Signature is an aspect of a crime that fulfills an emotional need, which is not necessarily conscious. Signature could involve intentional crime scene configuration or taking of souvenirs, and generally remains consistent, due to the emotional element; or, may be as elemental as words used or the order in which acts are committed (Holmes & Holmes, 2002). Although, some variations of Signature can be expected, based on the recognition that each independent crime is subject to numerous influences (e.g., unexpected interruption, time constraints, physical limitations) (Douglas, Burgess, Burgess, & Ressler, 1992; Douglas & Olshaker, 1995; Turvey, 2001).Douglas et al. indicated that “signature does not always show up in every crime because of contingencies that might arise, such as interruptions or an unexpected victim response” (1992, p. 261). Turvey (2001) referred to this concept as the “X-factor,” unexpected events at the crime scene that may eliminate MO and Signature.MO is more affected by evolution and refinement, in response to environmental stimuli. For example, if one gets too close to being caught, one will probably improve their methods in the future. Or, as in the “DC Sniper” case, the press commented upon the fact that the shooter had targeted only adults, which was of course followed by the shooting of a young boy. And then, press statements highlighted the lack of demands by the DC Sniper, followed by demands from these spree killers for a large sum of money.Douglas and Olshaker (Douglas being a retired Federal Bureau of Investigation profiler) provided the following discussion of MO vs. Signature, and staging versus posing:The differences between MO and signature can be subtle. … (A) robber … made …captives undress, posed them in sexual positions, and took photographs…. That’s his signature. It was not necessary or helpful to the commission of a bank robbery.” Another robber forced disrobing “so the witnesses would be so preoccupied … that they … couldn’t make a positive ID. … This was MO. (1995, pp. 253-255)In a serial murder case, the defendant’s lawyer “was trying to show that it was unlikely these crimes were all committed by the same individual because so many details of the modus operandi varied. I made it clear that regardless of the MO, the common denominator in each of the murders was physical, sexual, and emotional torture. … So, though the methods of torture varied—the MO, if you will—the signature was the pleasure he received out of inflicting the pain” (Douglas & Olshaker, 1995, p. 255).Staging is an element of MO and involves placement or manipulation of a crime scene to mislead investigators, “such as when a rapist tries to make his intrusion look like a routine burglary” (Douglas & Olshaker, p. 256). Posing, (also) an element of signature, is infrequent and involves “treating the victim like a prop to leave a specific message. … These are crimes of anger, crimes of power(,) … it is the thrill of … beating the system” (p. 256).The Signature is sometimes referred to as a “calling card” or trademark of the offender, such as by Douglas et al. (1992). However, stating that the Signature is a calling card is inappropriate in my opinion. Such a label leads to the inference that it is an intentional act on the part of the perpetrator to mark the crime as his own; this may not be the case, since the perpetrator may not be conscious of the significance of the act and oblivious to how the evidence of his behavior will appear. Turvey (2001) also disagreed with such a label because crimes and the resulting crime scenes are inherently chaotic with numerous variables; therefore, a precise match of Signature and MO is unlikely. In addition, Turvey noted that interpretation of evidence may be faulty due to misinterpretation or destruction of evidence (intentional or accidental), leading to faulty conclusions.Signature and MO may be difficult to differentiate, and may even be indistinguishable in a crime scene. However, the concepts must be separated and the characteristics of each must be articulated.CR531 Criminal ProfilingD. L. RobbProfessor Comments Week 1Very few people would argue against the idea that the ways in which we present and maintain ourselves, our homes, and our workspaces reflect some very important aspects of our personalities. Certainly, from our studies in the humanities, archeology and anthropology, we know that even in the absence of a written history, the depictions of art, music, clothing, household artifacts, and architecture developed and left behind by a long-dead society can still clearly tell us a great deal about the beliefs, attitudes and lifestyles of its inhabitants. Similarly, it is the contention of practitioners of Criminal Profiling, that the actual commission of crimes may also reflect key personality and lifestyle characteristics of those who committed the crimes.The commission of a crime requires that the offender make a series of choices, decisions, responses, and reactions. The resulting dynamics of the crime, as revealed through crime scene investigation, will then necessarily reflect the intelligence, competence, composure, experience, needs, wants, fantasies, motivation, and many other key characteristics of the offender’s personality. This has probably been obvious to those charged with finding and apprehending offenders from the outset of such positions. …Profiling is rooted in the belief that an offender’s thinking directs the offender’s behavior. If the crime scene reveals to us the offender’s behavior, we should be able to examine the scene to make some assumptions about the offender’s thinking. “Elementary,” as Sherlock might say, probably not. Profiling is a complex function that requires investigative experience and insights gained from years of exposure to various crimes, individuals, and personality types.Criminal profiling is a criminological/sociological, psychological, biosociological, and forensic analysis process that attempts to make investigative sense of apparent crime scene dynamics, in order to gain an understanding of behavior, motivation characteristics of offenders, and personality. Profilers analyze the totality of the known crime circumstances, make inferences of offender behavior from that analysis, and create a profile of the offender based on inferences of the offender's behavior (what would appear to be inferences based on inferences).Profiling is, in fact, a form of retroclassification, or classification that works backward. Profilers recognize crime scene dynamics that are associated to criminal personality types who commit similar offences. Typically we classify a known entity into a discrete category, based on presenting characteristics that translate into criteria for assignment to that category. (Douglas, Burgess, Burgess, & Ressler, 2006, p. 97)In this course, you will be prompted to examine the research on criminal profiling. We will try to make sense of these acts of violence, which so often confront us in our contemporary life, and cull out of the acts, some comprehensible threads that will permit us to find similarities amongst offenders’ personalities and to formulate a rationale for the differences between them, as well. However, as we continue our inquiries into the field, we will discover that, as in almost all studies of human behavior, the discipline is filled with contradictory theories, opposing beliefs about the best way to study and construct criminal profiles, and many social, legal, and ethical issues that must be considered.References:Dilnot, G. (1927). The story of Scotland Yard. New York: Houghton Mifflin.Douglas, J. E., Burgess, A. W., Burgess, A. G., & Ressler, R. K. (Eds.). (2006). Crime classification manual: A standard system for investigating and classifying violent crimes (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Josey-Bass.ReferencesDilnot, G. (1927). The story of Scotland Yard. New York: Houghton Mifflin.Douglas, J. E., Burgess, A. W., Burgess, A. G., & Ressler, R. K. (1992). Crime classification manual: A standard system for investigating and classifying violent crimes. San Francisco: Josey-Bass.Douglas, J., & Olshaker, M. (1995). Mind hunter: Inside the FBI’s elite crime unit. New York: Pocket Books.Fosdick, R. B. (1969). European police systems. Montclair, NJ: Patterson Smith. (Original work published 1915)Gee, D., & Belofastov, A. (2007). Profiling sexual fantasy: Fantasy in sexual offending and the implications for criminal profiling. In R. N. Kocsis (ed.). Criminal profiling: International theory, research, and practice. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.Holmes, R. M., & Holmes, S. T. (2002). Profiling violent crimes: An investigative tool (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Kocsis, R. N. (2006). Criminal profiling: Principles and practice. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.Mackay, J. (2007). Allan Pinkerton: The first private eye. Edison, NJ: Castle Books.Turvey, B. E. (2001). Criminal profiling: An introduction to behavioral evidence analysis (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.Once sufficient evidence is collected and corroborated to the extent thought necessary by investigators, the case is presented to prosecutors who assess the evidence with regard to the necessity for proving the allegation beyond a reasonable doubt in court. Additional investigation may be requested, prosecution may be declined, or accepted for prosecution.Reference:Robb, D. L. (2011, November). Eyewitness identification in photographic lineups: A case study. Presented at the Texas Association for Investigative Hypnosis Training Conference, November 2011. Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/2662993...