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welcome to the University of Georgia celebration of 50 years of computing what began in 1957 with a punch-card calculator and a staff of two is now a vast information network supporting the strategic directions and priorities of the university including building the new learning environment maximizing research opportunities and competing in a global economy join us now as we walk through five decades and relive highlights of the past 50 years we started up and started up with Linda Cobain we had it was 22 to deploy either to present employer you mean common the lady Jean full who was a secretary and I think her office of Linda men's room because said to the urinals was still left in the building we were next to the Duncan house that's the rock house build our governor lucky I don't know how many years it was it was least three years before we got a real computer and never lose IBM 650 which was a first real computer the innovative program in my world money the only successful commercial woman he was we thought we were in turn in Hakata within God the veining on and God sent me to IBM senator 94 which was the creme de creme de la creme of computer do it was about the only commercial available John coming to tell you how high he is pretty good all we had was a basement to put this big boss again it didn't take it out and figure out this we consider this moving in here we hung some of the controllers from the ceiling James el carmen was a man who was fascinated by large computers in some ways he viewed as successful in terms of flowing computer resources having most powerful and largest machines of his peers when he acquired that machine effectively with no financial support from the University and I'm sure at a cost of millions of dollars he was convinced that he could pay for it by selling time to industry and agencies in the southeast and because it was one of the first such machines outside of NASA facilities he did succeed in spades selling time to lockheed marietta for example carmen was a entrepreneur and i would come over here and they would literally rent the computer center and threw everybody out they brought your own operators are brought your own tastes and you know the thing was expensive okay an expensive machines of them when you rent that thing to whole weekend I don't have as money we got but somebody in the university with no not that anymore but you got in trouble to IRS huh okay because I arrested you know this is not a this is a commercial venture now you got to pay income tax and so then my understanding was the negotiation was okay if we quit can we just call me make a deal and so that was in the I was in Milwaukee come over here mini vacuum tubes we had to put a hood over to take the heat out it was up tell me that you can heat a five-room house with his feet that came out to like a tube it was the mean time to failure was about 30 minutes because for all those I can too but i will be blown up brother Phil Cruiser vacuum tubes were always burning out or giving low output that would cause various types of problems that required service engineers to be on site at all times there was never a day go by that you didn't have to replace some part two to keep the system operational at that time we had what was called a hollerith card Hollerith cart had 12 rows was 80-column card and we had equipment that punched holes in it and and the cards would then be read by mechanical means so that the data could be inputted into the system ferrite is a is a powdered iron material that if they take iron powder and mix it with a resin and form little little doughnut swimming and the dumb box in the case of ferrite core are about the size of the head of a pin the 1794 had 36 bit memory with for parity bits i believe which bacon total of forty of these planes these these these grids each one had 4096 donuts in it so a 36 word memory array which is what we had in our 1794 was about six inches square and about two and a half feet long but later on the next step thing was building the computer center in southwest rabbit the basement of southwestern and it was going to a big ovation and you know there are lots of programs raksha bandhan start to get back in those days there were probably eight people per shift we had four shifts working 24 hours a day seven days a week even holidays we never shut down we spent a lot of times mounting round reel tapes in 77 when I started in back probably late 80s we got a robot which took up half of one side of the room to house this one machine that had square tapes as we call it I started computing in the early 70s and established some collaborations with people in Europe I would often fly over to Germany for two weekends in the week in between just to get some cycles on the computers there because we did not have enough power and the cyber 205 gave us the computing power that we needed to really be at the forefront I know if you recall who was president the early eighties but it was Ronald Reagan and and and and by god we were going to spend the Russians haha Dominus so there was lots of money going to department defense the federal agencies they took the position that we didn't do something dramatic in terms of investing in supercomputing in this nation we were going to become third world it certainly motivate dr. carmen to think about foreign a cyber 205 yeah i was there in the sales discussion have heard the back in the back of a pickup bra people the question then was how do we pay for it well fortuitously and by this time dr. carmen becomes a special assistant to president for computing at Fred's ear and and there's 10 million dollars sitting state monies they knew that they had to come up with some strategy whereby they could defensively accept and expend 10 million dollars and cyber 205 became that investment opportunity I don't know if you remember the headlines look bigger that they were three inches tall but announcing the acquisition cyber 205 and how Athens was going to become I don't know minimally the Raleigh of Georgia if not the MIT of the southeast as at the time that we had the cyber 205 we were within a factor of two or three of having the fastest university computer in the country and certainly within a factor of ten of the very fastest computers that were being built and largely used in in major government laboratories the maintenance that machine including the software licenses you know they only had about a dozen of his hope was neighborhood several million dollars a year not we had a couple that when when Gorbachev opened up the Soviet Union which eventually then resulted in the downfall the breaking a part of the country and the removal of a lot of the threat the US government decrease their purchase of large super computers for defense work for intelligence work it's not to say they stopped buying completely but they decrease fairly dramatically and a number of the company's lost thirty present or more of their customer base he just went out of business we easily spent including the state monies 12 to 30 million dollars all been able to dispose of the cyber 205 you recall what a fraud was it much we got two hundred dollars for it and had the paid a man to haul it away they they were salvaging it for copper so that kind dr. carmen have passed away and i can still remember as we were looking for what machines we might replace the 205 with Walter McCray saying one of the important consideration should be the feeling that the company will still be around in five years and I think with but one exception all of the companies that had offered us these wonderful new machines we're out of business not during Liz if I did see I didn't see personal computing coming up no I thought they would be good to simulate to keep it but I didn't see them being very much usually always voted on his job is a real problem one of dr. Carmen's worries that he expressed early on was that we would get too wrapped up in the micros well fortunately for us we did get wrapped up in the micros and here is one on my desk today that's of course far faster than what we had with the special purpose computers then of course the big event of 1977 was the rollout of the Apple to the trs-80 model 1 and the Commodore pet all in one year in 1981 IBM rolled out the personal computer and I was at one of the first unveilings of that in the Yale computer center and my reaction was the same as a lot of other people's reaction finally a micro that isn't too small or too tight for us it had a metal body the screen was any character is wide not 40 you didn't have big game like letters and you had a really interesting basic interpreter each machine that came to the university system came to me if you bought an IBM PC which was only thing really available at that time for her education Apple had quite caught on at that time you had to order the system through me it had to come to me and we had to configure the system take it to the end user and train them on how to use it and we saw a new system from Xerox that came in it was demoed here and the big fact the big interesting thing about this thing was it had this new thing called a mouse and had this new thing called a graphical user interface and Xerox is demo again but they didn't quite know what to do with it and of course you know the story was eventually Steve Jobs saw it and copy didn't we had McIntosh come out of that and a lot of times we first started those classes you'd say okay well let's talk about how the mouse works and your kind of everybody's kind of going along but there's just one person back in the back that's waving the mouse in the air and or their time uses a remote control of like a clicker or you hear somebody make a noise back and what it does is like hello computer two events of the telecommunications industry in the early eighteen 1980s divested germaneness that ATT was broken up into multiple independent companies and deregulation men these independent companies that could offer telecommunication services so long as they were against cheaper without always seeking approval of public utility commissions well I and other people on the campus including particularly Bob bugbee saw an opportunity to to increase available monies for investment in technology infrastructure if a vacation if we were to purchase our own telephone switch after the basics which has been paid for there would be those monies that we could then invest networking networking was becoming of a major need on the campus this was the early ages we think of networking is starting in the 80s and that's generally true when you think about campus networking but a lot of people don't realize that the University of Georgia was part of the University System of Georgia computer network which began in nineteen seventy and the purpose of that network was to provide computing resources to all the schools throughout the university system in the University of Georgia was the central site location for that hardware that provided those services in the early 80s we connected to something at that time called bitnet it was the baton because it's time network and it was a store and forward network based upon IBM's remote job entry protocols what this meant was that each computer in the network connected to one or more other computers forming a chain and what a message had to go from one computer to another it had to pass through every single computer in between when the message was stored and then forwarded on the space became available on the outgoing message queue this basically resulted in very slow communications at the same time the internet was non-existent there was something called the ARPANET which was the Advanced Research Projects network of the US Department of Defense it was a grid network where computers connected to a background grid and was designed specifically to be able to survive the loss of one or more network notes this was really because they were trying to divide design a network which can survive a nuclear attack we joined bitnet first at our first connection was the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Doug Matthews and I drove over to the Chattanooga in a university van carrying a 9.6 megabit by synchronous motor which was about the size of a small television set so we could connect to Chattanooga this was the basic room each person had to find a site to connect to and pay for the line between their site and the site they connected to including providing the equipment later Georgia Tech would connect to us and we would become a way a way polemic between the big net and Georgia Tech then later on other state sites within the state connected to tech and so the network group so networking has become something that started many years ago connecting institutions connecting departments to something that connected people it really started with bitnet all of a sudden we were able to send emails to people all over the world and then the internet shows up and changed everything we were doing so much more than sending email we were now able whenever we wanted to gather and collect and read about things happening all over the world in an instant hey Simone invited me to come into a room to see a weather picture a picture of whether that was moving across across Illinois as I recall I thought wow that's cool but so what I mean I've seen video recordings that are on the internet before that that was interesting but it didn't really seem earth-shattering until bird told me that it was live that we were seeing as it was actually taking place for me that was crazy how could we see something via the internet now even as it took place now that seems like well of course it happens but back in 1994 that was unusual weird and I like to refer to that moment that dark room with bird is what I call a tce moment this changes everything moment that now we really started to think about ways that you can distribute internationally information and array two different media instantaneously and for somebody like myself who works in telecommunications working radio TV film this was a brand-new way that you could push out was incredibly expensive to do via broadcast media as a manager I was accountable for a lot of mainframe applications and among those at that time was emailed and we've come a long ways since that time but that was not nearly as ubiquitous as it is today we have evolved from the old text based screens into obviously a more graphical and even video based arena now some of you may be aware of the arches email system that is the predecessor to the current UGA mail that was our really our first campus-wide email solution and it was a client-server technology could incorporate the ability to use graphical interfaces the point-and-click if you will which is I think where much of the computing technology was going at the time do you made a comment to me once Bob I think at an email that the gidc you made an interesting parallel between it and Google woman's but an interesting comparison jgc was a specialist information system for the scientific ears up and recovered materials from at the pinky had to be sis she knows every month for 4,000 people wishers the new intimate ardell we also searched retrospectively if you want to find out what had been done on the subject move over and over 2 inch and 12 all sits me back in 1997 level that was also the beginning of a unique partnership that EITS which was called you CNS at the time that stabbed us with what is now the Center for teaching and learning back during that time period it was called the office of instructional support and development it was a unique partnership in that we collaboratively provided support for web CT is a young manager with what was then you CNS now EITS one of the first things that I was asked to do was to put a committee together and to evaluate alternatives for learning management systems Greg and Carolyn felt that the faculty to should choose the system that was implemented on campus we were involved in advertising the this course where that was available and we were encouraging faculty to try and use it so that when the vote came the faculty could say we chose this system and web CT as I'm sure many of you are aware was selected in this in this rena was the late 90s it was exponential in terms of the growth on campus there was tremendous acceptance I think among the faculty and students and 2000 we even had that the International web CT conference here on campus in July and there were some people from Scandinavia excuse me they're proud to have been the first and have put in place the requisite planning to meaningfully establish the position but that I mean that that establishment is still going I mean it takes a long while in the CIO at some level is responsible for these competing resources and you have to assign priorities you have to work with people establish priorities and as a CIO you know they're there aren't easy answers to to how you allocate your resources you have finite resources but how you allocate those resources to different and sometimes competing interests on campus when they talk about the research environment academic environment the different parts for the administrative environment the role of a chief information officers name anything new it was a decade ago 45 years ago people are looking for the technical they're looking for strategic vision collaboration communication the ability to tell a story and convince people of what's going to happen and why we need to go a certain way to be competitive over to meet a certain goal not about any one technology that's very different from a decade ago for the cio i think it's-- come faster than the culture has been able to accept the change so we're trying to catch up we're trying to help people understand the importance that we're so dependent on the technology that you can't let it leg while at the same time playing catch-up in meeting the service requirements and expectations so all of this data comes right back to managing expectations the canvas the user community administration office it may well be that grid computing is the computing format of the future and will always remain so in 50 years I think the campus the idea of a campus is going to just fade out and much more be like I am a part of his group of ideas that I accessed through my computer technology is becoming everything everywhere there was a famous Japanese quote that says vision without action is simply a daydream action without vision is a nightmare but when you put them together you can change the world and I think that's what technology is all about