Industry sign banking kentucky separation agreement fast
how do I look back there enough wires hanging down I had a I had a cardio procedure recently didn't have this many wires on folks I am delighted to be back at forges of KCA I attended my very first 4 inches or KCA meeting back in 1975 dr. Curtis I'm sure I was brand new here he took me to my very first KCA meeting now we met that time over at Baron River State Park the entire Kentucky cattlemen convention could have met on these first three rows up here so to see this organization grow from where it started back then and that was back with with Curtis and Smith T pal Russell Cornelius JB host club those core people that had a vision for this this group and what it has materialized in today really makes me proud now I had a chat with Curtis at 2 or 3 in the last few days Curtis Hampshire would have been here today he's never missed one but Curtis I'm sure on Christmas Day had open-heart surgery had he had 3 a bypass or 3 bypasses three and then he had a bow put in he got home Saturday and he's doing extremely well and so I know he would want me to extend his absolute best to you so I'm very happy to give that report now we do always did I always came to KCA we did programs in KCA and then in the 90s Curtis anodd we're doing some forest programs the meeting in the early 90s was in Louisville it was at the Ramada End and Louisville Jack crowner was the executive director at the time and he asked me to put together a forage practical forage emphasis program and it was going to be a half a day session I did that even brought some friends in from the University of Missouri so he had a great session and it was a very well attended and then the next year the executive director Bobbie Freeman and a program chairman of KCA for the follow year asked us if we would put together a forge program for that meeting we said we would we started that and and then 20 years we continued to do that the very last meeting that I put together was a meeting in this particular building and it was smoking in 2015 I knew I was retiring the very next month so I was said I want to put together a program that just brings a bunch of my buddies in and we're going to sit around and talk about some things so we talked about my top five forage improvement practices Clayton gerald's on commercial hey Bill Payne on dairy jacent our own sheep and goats Chris panel from right here in Warren in Davis County on beef Cal Cal calf and Russell Hockley on stalkers now Russell Hackney as always did a fantastic job later that evening those of you that were in the banquet saw Russell Hackney for one of the few times in his life on the video screen talking about me and he got emotional they had to stop and start again this presentation here was the last presentation that Russell made to a group and I still today there's not a week goes by that I don't miss Russell Hockley he had that much of an impact over the 20 years that we put together programs for this conference tall fescue was the emphasis on a whole lot of programs in fact the very last program that we put together that was strictly tall fescue occurred back in in Lexington in 2012 and I talked that day about tall fescue the first 80 years I think I'm blocking some people let me move over here I talked about that and then we had several other people on the program including Tim Phillips who had just started reading a lot of the novel into five varieties at the time he was having some he was getting ready to release and then we had Glenn taken with our USDA program talking about some of the animal performance trials that Ray Smith talking about horses then we brought dr. Don ball from Auburn University in to be our keynote speaker after that presentation that day dr. ball and I were having dinner a few days later and he said you know that presentation the first 80 years was very interesting that I've worked with all fescue so we should probably put something together on the history and that started us thinking about the history of tall fescue now we started thinking about it then and then started riding on it a little later it was the most challenging publication that we've ever written because you can't go to the library and get three years of replicated data on what mr. suitor did back there in Menifee County it required me going back to Menifee County going to the library talking to County agents going through old County agents files and a lot of things talking to a lot of people it made me realize that I should have asked more questions to some of those people while they were here that that now they're gone I can't ask them those questions anymore we finally got it all put together and got a publisher and we chose the moonlight barbecue as a place to debut that that's the first time we saw a copy of that and when you have a full stomach of moonlight barbecue anything looks good and the publication look pretty good now I've had a long association with the organ tall fescue Commission there the publisher of that book and I called in some papers and that's what today each one of you are getting a copy of that free now if you don't like it bring it back and I'll give your money back on it that's the deal I'll make on you today and if you want it if you want to lower the value of that book real quick just check with me after the program and I'll be happy to autograph that now today I want to take you a trip through the history of tall fescue realizing that there's a lot of people in here that know more about tall fescue than I do I've even tried to get some of them to give this presentation dr. Roy burst dr. Gordon Jones there's a lot of people in here that have tremendous amounts of experience there's a lot of producers in here that grew some of the very earliest tall fescue seed that was available and they're free to to talk about things at the end of this but what I'm going to do is begin with this man right here this is mr. Suder mr. Suder was born in Virginia in 1861 he came to Menifee County Kentucky and bought some small farms very small hillside farms he bought three initially then the next year he bought another small farm there second one their second group that he both had that hillside behind the picture they're in it on that hillside were a few patches of a green grass that he began to observe he observed those crisis's were in the eighth 1886 1887 1888 timeframe and he liked what he saw the grass screamed up earlier stayed green late the grass the cattle readily ate it so he began periodically in the late spring to harvest some seed by hand and just spread it around so over the next 30 years he got that complete hillside he got it seeded down well and actually Jimmy Henning found this picture in a County agents office and he asked about it and and it was tore Jimmy's done some work on it and then this is that same hillside taken from a little different angle and they don't want to call your attention to these cedar trees up here because on the back of that picture it said this is the farm that the late WM Souter two miles north of Frenchburg first found that seat up there and then it was the above cedar trees where it was first found so we've got that picture and then the second major important thing that happened occurred in nineteen and thirty-one dr. Ian Burgos who was agronomist at the University in effect he was actually a red clover breeder if you've grown Kinlan red clover that was one of his clovers but he was a very diversified type of agronomist he was invited to Menifee County to judge a sorghum syrup show it was November 1931 he went there judged that show and then while he was there two gentlemen approached him mr. K W Wells and mr. EE Lambert one was the county agent one was the farmer they said dr. Fergus what do you think of that grass over on the hillside at mr. suitors farm and dr. Ferguson said I've never seen it I'd like to see it they went over there and that day in the fall of the year dr. Berger saw cattle that looked good he saw grass that was green and growing he saw a very steep hillside that was completely covered with a good sod forming grass there was no gullies there was no he ocean and and he was impressed now doctor Fergus was a good tax honest and he examined the plant and he thought it might be some kind of a Festa to cut a fescue so he he took some seed back to Lexington just a few pounds of seed he told me took about two pounds of seed back and he had a little interest that winter he put some in the greenhouse put some pots out the next spring he seemed a little bit there on the Experiment Station not too far from where the current football stadium is today but he seeded that but he didn't have tremendous and that wasn't his primary focus even though he was impressed with the grass now I have never given this gentleman well basically he had harvested some seed and at the time dr. Fergus was there he had somewhere between 200 and 300 pounds of seed that he had collected and harvested by hand and he had sold some of that to his neighbors for 15 cents a pound so that's where the seed supply came from that dr. Fergus to now this gentleman right here in the book we talk more about him because in the research I realized that if it wasn't for mr. WC Johnstone Kentucky 31 may have been a whole lot later coming on and I don't know where it would have come on or not let me tell you about mr. Johnstone bill Johnstone was an extension agronomist he was not a forage specialist he was a grain specialist he made trips all over Kentucky he made several trips that he had to go to Eastern Kentucky farther east when he would come back he would see that field he'd drive right through frenchburg he'd see it and it was green early in the spring it would green up early it was one of the last ones in the fall to go dormant and the cattle look he was impressed because a lot they didn't have a lot to choose from in 1931 so anyway he would look at that and one day he finally said I'm going to stop and talk to find out who owns that field and find out about he finally found out that it was mr. Suder then he went and talked to mr. Suder mr. Suder told him that mr. Furth dr. Fergus had been there got some seed and tuck it back well Monday morning came and and mr. Johnstone was in dr. fergus's office and he began that day a campaign to get dr. Fergus to work harder on that he said we need that grass in Kentucky the Kentucky farmers needed we've got a lot of erosion we have nothing out there now so it encouraged doctor Fergus to work harder and he did and he worked a lot harder on that he worked until it was finally all the research was done in 1943 he released that variety as a variety Kentucky 31 Kentucky because it came from Kentucky 31 because he found it in 1931 that's the plaque at the foot of the hill there you can see today that is there that the local residents of the county and led by the farmers put up as a tribute to mr. Suder this is the very first publication written on that it was written but dr. Ian Fergus when I came own dr. Fergus had retired but he was still actively involved and dr. Ferguson dove took me under his wing and and and he was a great mentor to me and he came out one day and he said I got a present for you Gary he had about a half a box of those publications he said this is all that exists he gave those to me and I I was very selfish about what I did with them I only have one left but I still have one in that publication that first one that pictures in there that's the picture of the field that he saw when he went over there in 1931 good-looking good-looking field now this is the picture that I've shown you probably a dozen times over the years everybody else has shown this picture and I decided I wanted to go see that field early in my career and that I expected it to look like a hybrid between those two fields when I got over there this is what the field looked like however it has grown up it's been abandoned they haven't burned that it's been sold several times but they're still fescue and in there you can find a lot of fescue in now it went from that couple pounds of seed that dr. Ferguson to lexington released in 43 a seed was produced and in Kentucky now my best estimate is we have about 5.5 million acres of that in the state we only have seven million acres devoted to forages so you see tall fescue dominates the state of Kentucky now not everybody in Kentucky during that period of time before it was released and after it was released was he's excited about tall fescue being released as mr. John Stone was in fact another agronomist the forage specialist at the time was not very happy with it he think he was primarily jealous that mr. John Stone was getting all the credit for it there was some animal scientists that said we don't think we have enough research data on this grass so we don't think it should be released just yet and we certainly don't think people should be promoting it like they're doing so this calls what we termed the chapter in the book the fescue Wars and I won't go into all the details but because of this controversy it got so tense that it went all the way to the Dean it went all the way to the president of the University even got into Frankfort and so something needed to be done some people lost their job some people retired early and after those personalities got out of there then they basically things settled down but the farmers wanted to the seedsman wanted it and another interesting story we have a whole chapter on in the book I don't know of another forage plant in the history of Kentucky that a state law was passed related to it now Warren Beeler's in the room and he knows a lot more about this subject than I do and there may be another one but I don't know when let me tell you the story tall fescue seed production couldn't keep up with a demand of the Kentucky farmers not only the Kentucky farmers but other farmers around wanted to get some of this Wonder grass well when the Kentucky legislature were approached by this we need to protect the Kentucky farmers this was developed here it's a Kentucky product we want it to be used Kentucky farmers so they passed a law and made it illegal to sell tall fescue seed outside the state of Kentucky well let's go to Huntsville Alabama big farm the Jones farm that some of you know down there has been a very important historical farm it was owned by two brothers that had just gotten out of World War two a few years before they were well trained Army veterans heroes they were both had engineering background and their families had raised cotton their entire lives but Collin Air Jones had no interest in raising cotton they wanted to raise cattle but they wanted something else besides what they had in northern Alabama to feed those cattle they'd heard about that grass in Kentucky they made a trip to Western Kentucky to Christian County to Pembroke Kentucky they looked at all those farms there that were growing seed they talked to the people about that and they said we know that it's illegal in this state for us to try to buy seed from you so we're not asking you to sell it but would you consider after you have combined your fields would you consider letting us bring our combines up here and refresh it combine it afterwards with no they don't mind at all they brought a hundred and seventy mile trip they brought for combines a crew of 10 and a bunch of trucks and they came up to Pembroke they wreath rash that seed and they finally got about 2,000 pounds and they took that back to Huntsville Alabama this is ray Jones he's a good friend he's the one that's actively owning and managing that farm now he's kneeling in the original feel of Kentucky 31 tall fescue that were they brought the seed from Pembroke Kentucky down there to seeded now they went on to establish one of the largest fescue farms in the southeast it was they had put in a big seed cleaning plant it was the number one fescue seed producing company in the u.s. as a result of that they distributed see throughout the southeast now tall fescue occupies about 35 million acres in the southeast I have traveled to 57 different countries and I found tall fescue growing and well over half of those countries if I'd had enough time to look I could have finally probably found it somew
ere else this is some of the reasons I think farmers readily accepted and adapted and planted tall fescue that it's adapted you look around it'll grow about anywhere it's very persistent that's why I still in that field down Huntsville Alabama that's why you could still find some of those sprigs on that hillside with dense shade in Menifee County some of you have fields that you seated back to top all helped see it was dependable it didn't matter where you fertilized it or not we're going rain or not it was going to come back fescue was just tough it would come back and when you compared it to yield to other cool season grasses the yields were very good fertilize it a little yield even lower and then quality if you look at the quality of tall fescue with laboratory analysis when it's six seven inches tall it is very high quality for a cool season perennial grass however when animals consume that during that period of time some animal problems began right after the soil bank days when you had the old fescue that had been out there for several years there were some fescue foot problems and that was serious on the farm if it occurred and I've been working with fescue all in my life and I can tell you in my opinion when you look at the 35 million acres fescue foot is not a serious economic threat to our cattle industry right now but if it happens on your farm I've seen a few cases another syndrome was fat necrosis and that occurs mostly in those Carolinas Georgia area especially associated with farms where they're feeding a lot of using a lot of brawler litter on it pastures so that can be a problem in Kentucky at this point hasn't been but this is something we're sensitive to watch it but this other term here press cue toxicosis there's a lot of time for that summer syndrome and all of that is just poor animal performance on top SQ then we know the quality should lead us to be so why did animals not perform better on this grass that was dependable yield good and had decent quality well as research studies started to coming in on that when animals of any species consume tall fescue in any form that had that fungus present what they would oftentimes find is lower feed intake lower weight gains lower milk production and lower reproductive rates all four of those cost us money and in the kal calf business we were very familiar with that low reproductive performance and then there were some other things higher respiration rate higher body temperatures rougher hair coat more time in the shade excessive salivation actually those animals on that in to fight infect your tall fescue are running a temperature a lot of these activities is just trying to help dissipate that temperature what was causing all of that was a mystery every University just about in most people working with fescue and a lot of our vet schools had working theories as to what it was about tall fescue that would not let it have the good animal performance that it was supposed to and and really no one could figure it out and then a major breakthrough occurred it did not occur in the laboratory it did not occur on any of our experiment stations it was another farm visit this is a farm owned by mr. AE Hayes in Mansfield Georgia now I learned that his grandson was in pre-med at the University of Georgia our pre vet at the University of Georgia and basically he had heard that there was work being done on this especially in the USDA at the University there and he told some USDA scientists about his granddad's farm now his granddad there in Nashville Georgia had all tall fescue on the farm and he had two groups of cattle one of the any never commingled cattle they stayed separated one of those groups of cattle showed many of those classics symptoms of tall fescue toxicosis the other group looked as clean as if they were on orchard grass and the scientists said we'd like to see that farm and so they did they went out there three scientists robbing a bacon and Porter went out and they studied everything out there they looked at the plants they looked at the animals they looked at the water they checked everything they could and found no significant difference between those two pastures and between those animals and they checked everything finally they just didn't know where to go next and then dr. Robbins was at the University Library one day and he was doing some research just looking at some literature and he found some foreign data that says it's possible for fescue plants best to could to be infected with the fungus and he didn't think much about it but he said I've done everything else I think I'm going to go out there and check it he went out there and checked those plants where the cattle had those symptoms and where the cattle were free and he found a very remarkable things in the pastures where the cattle showed the symptoms there was a fungus growing in there in the pastures where the cattle showed no symptoms there was no fungus that was the first Association of that plant with this indefinite fungus this end if I now that word endophyte means within a plant within so that endo means within Pike means plant so this plant this tall fescue plant has a fungus that grows inside well it grow this this blue is just the mycelium between the plant cells it overwinters here at the base of the plant and that's where it's at right now in your fields then when that plant starts to bolt and send up that Steve head that mycelium will grow up through there it'll concentrate in that seed head and that seed and if it drops off if it produces a plant it will have a plant will have the fungus present the end of it-- present so that was the first association but that's still just a farm association so a lot of research was yet to be done we were very interested in nationwide and what about the distribution is that fungus just isolated on that farm down in Georgia or is it everywhere so survey started in this state and some in this audience helped do those and Alabama was the second pilot program we did those we found out that that tall fescue in the state of Kentucky with five and a half million acres in print is present in almost all the pastures not all we found some were in the pi3 some were very low into pie and we talk in the book about how that could possibly come about the second major finding was the fact that those that do go out of the sessions there sandy come on in their seats up front here the spread of that fungus now this was a very important finding and basically summarizing a whole lot of research that only way that that fungus is spread is by way of seed if you take an infected seed and plant it and it comes up it'll give rise to an infected plant you could grow an infected plant next to a non infected plant in a greenhouse for eternity they would never cross so that was a very important finding then several studies were conducted across the country using both pasture hay seed and the conclusion was that for every ten percent in deployed infected it reduced average daily gain about a tenth of a pound so if we're running along here with the vast majority of ARS infected you know we could have you know a pound a day game if it was ninety percent infected we could have nine tenths of a pound loss on that also as far as calving race for every ten percent infection it reduced calving race but five percent and then also in milk production a study out of Kentucky a 30% reduction in milk production when the cows were consuming the end to fight infected fescue versus the end to fight free fescue now my best estimate if you've got a better estimate than this I'll be happy to talk but I believe today that that fungus is costing our industry not just in Kentucky but throughout the southeast about a billion dollars if you ever wondered why over my 41 year career you heard me talking fescue and the in defiant renovation and all those thanks so much because it's getting into your pocketbooks your billfold in your checkbook at such a high rate also very familiar with the reproductive performance in marriage we've known that for years and there's a whole chapter in there that deals with that now if that's the problem if it's matter there's a fungus in these plants what's the solution very simple we thought just get rid of the fungus and that was very easy to do you can get rid of it by storage or by aging the seed and that's why some of those fields that we sample were into fight free they were from old seed and then also you can treat it with a fungicide you just baked you basically take that into bite out and you've got it into fight free and and and the general consensus is great we now have got this problem solved but then when you put it out in the real world then you compare that Kentucky 31 with and without a fungus you realize how important that fungus has been to the adaptability the persistence the toughness of old Kentucky 31 so not all into fight fries are exactly the same and dr. Smith will talk about this later but when we tuck the end to fight out that's what happened it was not tough it would not tolerate the abuse that we've been giving it in the past so the second theory was get a good fungus find a fungus that will give that plant stress tolerance but will not cause the animal performance problems so sounds like a good academic theory I was in New Zealand in 1989 and I talked to a person about and he said that's very simple to do he said you take the fungus out you get a fungus free then you get a good end to fight and you put it in there I said yeah before do you find a good in defy and he said I've got some dr. Gary latch had it was an outstanding scientist he had made trips not only to the US but to other countries he had selected many many different types of in defeating fungi he took me in his lab and showed me gobs of petri dishes some with circles around them some with no circles which meant that some produced those out Lloyd's in some did some produce some alkaloids and some produce others and and I thought well maybe that's the possibility and that was in 1989 he began to work on it dr. Jill Biden at the University of Georgia went to New Zealand did a sabbatical Eve worked with dr. latch he was a breeder he had bred a lot of things he bred alpha greys alfalfa and and white clovers he also had several fescues that he had bred including Jessa he worked with dr. latch and then in 2000 they had put all that research together they'd put the into fight into dr. Benton's genetics and they released that variety after a decade of working with it asked the variety max Q through Pennington C so for the next decade that was the only novel in to fight variety on the market most of us who had been burned by the end of fight threes realized that we needed to know two things one was animal performance now the people told me show you that next to me is dr. Joe Bowden next to him is dr. Carl hublin dr. hublin did most of the physiology most of the grazing work on all of that next to dr. hublin is dr. Gary lash from New Zealand and Don ball we were interested in the animal performance and we expected that to be good because we expected it to operate just like an end of fight free and indeed it did one of the early studies gains were about nine tenths or pound per day difference when the only difference was that into fight they're looking at calf production weaning weights steer calves were weaned 50 to 60 pounds more heifer cash forty to sixty pounds more and then this was a study that I found interesting that Duquette and others did we always talked about the discrimination we had of our feeder calves here in Kentucky that came off of these fescue fields and then they went in the feedlot and I always thought that we got all this good compensatory gain well this was a study involving the max Q tall fescue in to fight free and then toxic or like Kentucky 31 the red line is the into fight infected they went in the feedlot 117 pounds lie now they did make a little more consensus or egain here but they still at the end of the 112 days they came out a hundred and eight pounds a lighter so there was an effect throughout that 112 day feeding period one of the most classic studies and I've shown you this before that I saw came out of the University of Arkansas they looked at the steer performance on Kentucky 31 and max-q and they looked at it in the spring and they looked at it in the fall in the spring a pound per day difference in average daily game to follow about a half pound against per steer very significant a hundred pounds more but their gains per acre that's what we really sail off the farm gains breaker 461 pounds with the 31 827 now that's significant that's three hundred and sixty-six pounds more beef produced per year on the same acre same sized piece of property without any more fertilizer any more water any more chemicals of any kind and that's a perennial that's just one year so that's very significant this was the question we needed to know will it act like a told Kentucky 31 without a an in to fight and basically we didn't want this to happen so that's what we were nervous about dr. bout and put this in Bermuda grass which is a most competitive grass warm season that I've worked with when he did that found out this is the toxic it was the best max-q was non significant right there I don't think they'll ever be a fescue as tough as old 31 but these novel into fights are the closest thing I've seen them in my career but now look what happens with the fungus free it's all way down to almost 20% stand now dr. Tim Phillips and dr. Smith's going to talk more about these in a minute he's worked and released a variety there are several varieties on the market now and I'll yield that information to dr. Smith me answer a few questions but would close up here can talk succeed be moved by grazing animals that's a very important practical question if we are grazing these fields in the spring of the year when we've got seed heads on there and we've got viable seed if the animal will put that tongue around strips that off which we've all seen them do that seed can go through a percentage of that'll go through that GI tract can come out Bible now what we need to keep in mind is a period of time if your own an in to fight infected field and you've got a novel or in to fight free field and you don't want to get it contaminated when you take it off of that field during that period of time and I hope you're not doing that but if you see anybody from Indiana that might be doing that remind them of this okay you need to have a clean out period there and two days a three day clean out period we'll get all of that out and if you put that seed in someplace you don't mind another one can toxic seed be imported in hey if you went to Illinois and bought some hay that was cut way too late now you'd never see any of this produced in Kentucky but they tell me out of states you can get hay that was cut during the seed stage if you did that and you brought it back we've all seen this and unfortunately we have too much of that in Kentucky that overly bitter hay the Scott right seed in there that's mature can do good and it's a good environment we've real emanated the competition here it's a good fertile environment so it's a great place for it to come up in yes we can do that and this is a very important one I get this question still today I'm not going to seed any of that improve fescue because my neighbors have all got old fescue they never bush hog and they always let it go to see the pollens going to come over there don't worry about that pollen unless it's coming in the way of see that endophyte is not transferred Impala management strategies the very first publication I wrote on this after we knew about the end of fight I said there's four strategies one managed to minimize the effects we know a lot about grazing we know a lot about how to keep that thing going and then deluding the fact anything we feed with that potentially can dilute out some of that into fight the number one strategy in the state of Kentucky for the last 50 years long before we knew about that n to fight was growing red and or white clover with tall fescue that was our major strategy we diluted out a lot of that we'll never totally dilute it and the
we can avoid it we can avoid it with the most sensitive animals and that's those reproductive animals those stalkers those breeding animals we also can eliminate it during the most difficult time of the year that's those hottest months July and August and putting those animals off that's when they're going to get that and then we can replace it now question that I get I don't get this in public it off but after meetings friends amount of come up and say well Gary should I plan a novel in to fight variety and I'm retired now so I don't have to worry as much about being politically correct and here's my answer of that if you like fescue if you like all the characteristics of fescue and if you're going to feed that fescue to any kind of animal in any form past your hay or silage your seed if you're going to do that I'd see the novel in the fight variety tall fescue now if I did I'd want to make sure if I paid three dollars and fifty cents plus for a pound of that I'm not going to go out here and throw it on top of the ground I'm going to make sure I do a good job keep in mind these novel into fights or into fight freeze they're still tall fescues all the requirements that we've always known about establishing fertility seed soil contact seating depth seeding rate all those things are critical for end and weed control very critical plus I have two additional requirements when we're dealing with the novel or into fights number one if we're going to seed that in late summer of 2019 no fescue plan in that field should go to seed this year Bush Hall graves cut it for a baby with something don't let that C go if if any seed comes up from from old seed older the end of I will likely be dead so make sure it does this is a very good method developed by Missouri and it's the quickest I know to get back and that's going to the old stunt in the spring do a good job of spring it out try your best to kill it spray it in the most killable stage grow a summer annual in there take another good look at it spray it again here and then seed then you stand in that late summer now the other thing is when we see that in mid-august without it grow that root system despite of what it looks like it's still fairly shallow and we can do a lot of damage by going in there and gracing that too early I don't like to grace that in the fall and if I do just want to talk crazy because we can literally do some damage to that what about silver bullets we should be able to just put something in the ear put something in the mineral feeder give them an injection we should be able to just be Niall ate that alkaloid that endophyte alkaloid well over the years there's been a lot of things that's come on the market now I think good mineral programs are essential to good cattle production so I'm totally at but being able to just put a particular ingredient in there it's different feed additives implants D warmers toxin blockers some of you've worked with that there's no question there are some compounds if you get it in the animal every single day at the right rate and can afford the cost it will block those toxins but it gets to be a management problem enzymes yeast at today and I know there's claims being made and there's more claims all the time and I personally do not know of a single thing that will totally eliminate the toxins that would be in the form of a silver bullet now a close with this and I think I am just on time do you have any questions about anything we've covered up at this point I was going to apologize for going so fast but that's my normal speed so I didn't want to do that any question I know there's some people in here that's grown it and I've covered a lot in a whole lot of tile in a short period of time so if you got in questions I'll be happy to address them yes well we've tried to investigate that son we think what happened there it's basically the same thing that happened here in Kentucky when we were in the seed production phase here in Kentucky and I don't know this from personal experience but the people like Warren Thompson dr. ferger's told me there were a lot of seats so people didn't have story they stored a lot of it on the ground and that that they couldn't sell that they carried over that was old seed that's what they used on the row farm owned farm now we think that may have been what happened there we think he got to seed one year and then he he didn't plant it and then he got some more seed the next year so we thank one section and I've got a map of that field from dr. Robin but we think that's what happened that's a theory John yes with the Bulls yes there are there are issues we don't know nearly as much about the male side of this but we're learning a whole lot more and yes we think the impact is when the reproductive area is certainly a factor there and there's so much going on on now research you know the genetic work that Missouri is doing on selecting cattle for that all of those I think has promised for the future and we probably can select on both sides of that but yes a good question that's Chris well well we thank one one year but basically the storage is not going to be the same degree of impact over the 12 months because you got cold temperatures and hot temperatures where we found the biggest effect is you're storing it in in those very hot temperatures but that's where it is now I would prefer if we had two years but even from an economic standpoint I know this is not your question Chris but I would never try to just age old Kentucky 31 to get me an end of pipe three because you're giving up all that production and you can go down and buy that one year based on Missouri's research that if you have some it's going to be a very low probability I would not I would like to have no in to fight infected plants when I go in there and put that in to fight for you [Applause]
