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welcome to data conversion all computers use multi-bit data words these words are data that represent different types of information such as music numerical values and word files when moved from one location inside the computer to another the bits in a word are transferred simultaneously in parallel form by bus lines these bus lines are in the form of copper circuit tracks on printed circuit boards or cables the number of conductors in the bus lines equals the number of bits in the words used by a particular computer when data must be sent externally from one computer to another over a long distance such as from new york to los angeles it cannot be transferred in parallel if data were transferred in parallel large cables with many wires would be required for example to transfer 128 bit words at least 128 wires would be required this would mean high costs and high probability of broken wires by converting parallel data to serial form for transmission it is possible to send data long distances over telephone lines consisting of a single data wire to keep this lesson simple let's demonstrate parallel to serial conversion by looking at how a 1970s computer used 8-bit words each 8-bit word is parallel loaded into a storage register in computer a a computer has an internal clock that sends pulses to various sections to perform these functions shift data keep devices synchronized with each other after the 8-bit data word has been parallel loaded into the register eight pulses cause the data to be shifted out in serial form across the serial communication lines to a register inside computer b after the data has been completely loaded into the receiving register it is transferred in parallel form to another location in computer b this technique is used to send characters representing letters numbers and symbols from a computer to a printer each character called an ascii character has a unique combination of ones and zeros a cable called an rs232 transfers the ascii data in serial form you have completed this