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introduction AWS B 2.1 standard for welding procedure and performance qualification Gary a pace PE CWI Katy Texas okay so what are codes for we're going to just kind of get into awsb 2.1 because I don't know this is kind of a project I've been trying to think about for a while and I'm going to try and explain it and when this one might be proper use so the asthma section 9 is for qualification of welding procedures and qualification of personnel for pressure vessel type situations when pressure is trying to get out so if you look in the scope of these codes there's a pretty defined scope of when these codes should be used section 9 is not a design code and section 9 is allows for the use of a lot of materials such as titanium carbon steel stainless Steels and aluminum alloys and I'm setting this up I'm explaining what section 9 is and d11 and some other codes and then we'll loop back into when would be the proper time to use a WSB 2.1 so the structural codes that are written by the American Welding Society for the most part are for force is pushing down on something we're fighting gravity so AWS d11 is a self-contained code it's for structural steel D 1.6 is for structural stainless steel D 2.1 AWS D 2.1.2 excuse me is for aluminum 1.3 is for structural steep sheet steel D 1.4 is for rebar anyways there's a whole list of these welding codes but that are written and produced by the American Welding Society and for the most part they contain design information um and they're for Fighting Gravity so for awsd 1.1 it uses only carbon steels and there's other codes that are written by the American Welding Society so that as I've stated are for aluminum stainless sheet metal sheet steel and reinforcing bar these but these codes don't cover as wide a scope of materials as as me section 9. so here's the asmi codes construction codes and reference documents so the way the American society mechanical engineers writes their codes we've got reference documents which would be like section two which is all our materials section five which is nde section 9 which is for welder qualification and Welding procedure qualification and then we've got all our construction codes you know that tell us give us all the information and design criteria if we're going to build uh you know pressure vessels pressure piping nuclear components whatever it is we're going to build that's where our design information comes from that's where the the design Engineers are going to dig through there and figure out how how thick the walls have to be or whatever it is they've got going on so when we switch back to the American Welding Society here's a whole list of codes right and you can see up there at the top we've got AWS B 2.1 specification for welding procedure and performance qualification then we've got all these other codes that are most of them end up having some design criteria in um and some instruction in regards to the do's and don'ts of welding here's a whole nother list of them industrial machine uh Mill crane welding rotating elements of equipment d14.6 a whole slew of these that are printed by the American Welding Society here's all here's a list of the um as me boiler and pressure vessel codes so let's say we have a machine and it doesn't have and there's no code that goes with it well I don't know whatever our widget is our our Rube Goldberg machine our perpetual motion machine whatever it is we're building there's no code that goes with it it doesn't fall into the scope of AWS D 1.1 which is structural steel or it doesn't fall under something that's made by the American Society of mechanical engineers pressure piping or um Power boilers or um other some unfired pressure vessel or whatever something we we've got a situation where our our components product whatever doesn't fall into the narrow scope of one of those codes that we talked about well we've got our widget and then let's say our customer we we're making our components and our customer wants a WPS and a pqr and welder qualification test records that's what they want well they want to buy our object our components but they need some paperwork that says hey this thing was welded by qualified welders and that we went through some kind of process to build a WPS and it's backed up by procedure qualification records and that our welders are qualified so this is where AWS B 2.1 comes in we can use AWS B 2.1 to qualify a WPS and a pqr perfectly acceptable to do this we'll get into a little more depth in this here but or let's say we have a situation where um codes don't apply we need to do a repair procedure and our customer like in the previous slide wants us to come up with a welding procedure specification and procedure qualification records for our welders to make a repair procedure on some component that doesn't strictly fit in some type of code situation you know that doesn't isn't a pressure vessel or this isn't a you know something that falls into AWS D 1.1 the structural code we've got to we need to find a way to have paperwork to show our customer that says hey yeah we've done some test plates we've done some test coupons we've tested our welder our our our practice the what the the welding that we're going to be doing is supported by um us being able to show that there is testing materials testing that backs up what we're going to be doing in production or the repair side of things and this is where we're getting into what if my product doesn't match a welding code so a friend of mine he calls uh this AWS B 2.1 he calls it section 9 light if you get into these two codes and start reading through them there's a lot of verbiage and um a lot of the material in there is is pretty similar a lot of what is said in AWS B 2.1 is pretty similar to what you'll see in asthma section 9. but it's kind of a thin down version and it's for use in situations other than boilers and pressure vessels as me section 9 is built just pretty it is built to be used with the boiler and pressure vessel codes section not uh AWS B 2.1 is a much lighter and thinned out version of that but it's the same theory in practice in in regard to the process that you're going to use to qualify your welder and your welding procedures so I'm going to just kind of scan through a few of those welding codes that I touched on before and they're gonna it tells us that we can use qualification from other standards so in 632 of AWS D 1.6 which is a structural stainless steel welding code qualification in ance with other standards welding procedures qualified in ance with AWS B 2.1 specification are acceptable for use in this code so if we qualify our welding procedures in ance with AWS B 2.1 we can use them in AWS D 1.6 um that's what this is telling us and I'm going through this exercise and explaining this to to show you that the American Welding Society I didn't just pull this AWS B 2.1 out of thin air and it's never referenced or this is a Gary Pace thing where I'm telling you hey you can use this no I'm just showing you some places where this document is rested referenced in some of these big boy welding codes so awsb 2.1 this specification um like I said it's pretty similar to asmi section 9. um it's the intent that this specification be referenced by other documents such as code specifications contracts quality control and quality assurance manuals that's what this document's for this document is for places where another code doesn't really fit and then we can reference this one and we can use this to qualify our welders and qualify our procedures um as I've said before it's pretty much AWS b2.1 is um as me section 9 light it's pretty close um specification for procedure and performance qualification um and then section 9 is welding and brazing procedures welding brazers and Welding brazing operators qualifications too and I think it's for gluing stuff but they're pretty similar like I'm no one beating that horse to death but anyways um AWS B 2.1 is also referenced in AWS D 1.2 the structural aluminum code um same thing if we qualify a welding procedure or welders ing to AWS B 2.1 we can use them in AWS D 1.2 the same with AWS 9.1 this there's the same um wording in there that says hey if you qualify a welding procedure in B 2.1 you can use it in AWS 9.1 but this is on a code by code basis this doesn't work for AWS D 1.1 um AWS B 2.1 is also referenced in uh 14.1 um which is a specification for welding of industrial and Mill cranes and other material handling equipment 14.2 we see similar wording uh we can shall be in ance with specification for welding procedure performance qualification so um so yeah I'm just trying to beat a dead horse here but to show you that b 2.1 is referenced in a lot of different places so now let's now that we've kind of laid out that this is a legit code and I didn't just invent it last week let's talk about AWS B 2.1 the layout this is what the layout looks like General requirements and then there's the scope normative references terms and definitions procedure qualifications performance qualifications so this is laid out like almost all of the other AWS codes but you'll notice that after we get to Performance qualification there's no inspection no no nothing to do with inspection or fabrication or any of that this document is strictly for welder welding performance and procedure qualification there's no there's no fabrication inspection any of that other stud welding criteria or whatever that we would see in some of the other AWS codes like AWS d1121316 similar layout but it just stops after Clause 5 performance qualification so before we dive into M numbers I'm just going to talk about p number so you might have kind of crossed P numbers I think I've got another video where I talk about P numbers well P numbers is how the American society mechanical engineers groups base materials so all the steel Alloys are between um one and P number 15f I think is the range and they add on to these or whatever but 1 through 15 f is our ferrous Alloys basically iron aluminums are 21 through 26 copper and copper base Alloys are 31 through 35 nickel 41-49 titanium uh is 51 through 53 and then Zirk and zirconium-based Alloys are 61 and 62. so the reason why the osme American society mechanical engineers did this is so that you wouldn't have with all the different base materials out there this is so you wouldn't have to write 530 different welding procedures you can just if I qualify one p number to weld another p number I'm good to go for all the P numbers in that if I go P1 to p8 I can use any material that's in P1 and weld it to any other material in p8 and that's kind of the simple version of it there's a little more Nuance to it if there's certain situations arrive in Impact testing but for the most part the codes did this to limit or help keep under control just the sheer volume of welding procedures that you would need because most P1 materials are metallurgically pretty close to each other um p8 materials austinetic stainless Steels same thing they're all pretty close to each other metallurgically so the code recognized hey they're all pretty close you weld one you can weld them all you're not going to screw it up you're not going to mess it up so that's P numbers so if you look at ask me section 9 there's a table that looks like this and it's got all your P numbers and this table is I want to say a hundred pages long or something it's a ginormous table it is a very large table um so this is where our P numbers come from so when we talk about M numbers because okay so a designation used of Base metals to produce procedure and performance qualification consisting of P numbers and S numbers established by asmi boiler and pressure vessel code section 9. but this also has materials not recognized or used under asmi rules so that list we just looked at that table we just looked at those are all code approved materials that we can use to make boiler and pressure vessels well there's a lot of other materials out there that aren't approved or listed on that list on that table so there's a lot of other materials that can be used um to make other stuff but they're metallurgically similar or whatever so we needed some kind of grouping same Theory M numbers so we can keep our number of our welding procedures to a minimum so this the M numbers includes all of our P numbers but then there's additional materials that get an M number also so that's what we've got with M numbers then we've got an s number s number's got a couple of different ways of going um it used to be an asthmi section 9 and it was a p number but I think they had to do with uh pipe work for b31 pressure so they about in about 10 15 years ago in 2009 they killed s numbers but there's another group of s numbers that you might run across that if you're doing nav C the U.S Navy US military they've got s numbers so S1 is carbon steel and then you get to the s21s aluminums s30s of the coppers nickels are 42 43 44 titanium and titanium Alloys are 51 52 53. so you can see that there's some overlap but there's some differentiation so if you see a p number an s number or a m number they're just material grouping numbers that's all they are it allows us to have write a welding procedure and use an M number or a p number and say okay I'm going to do M number one that's all the carbon steels or I'm going to do p eight materials which are austenitic stainless Steels your garden variety 316l stainless steels so with procedure qualification now we're going to talk about um Clause 4 in AWS B 2.1 I'm not going to talk about normative references in the introduction and um you know the other the first three definitions um we're just gonna we're gonna dive into qualifications so this is um 4.1 so it's telling you we've got a couple of different each welding procedure shall be qualified this is telling us what's going on so and it tells us in 41.2 this standard establishes two quad two categories of qualified welding procedures category one is a standard welding procedure specification you might have seen this in swps and this is supported by a pqr and reviewed and validated at the welding research Council this is AWS American Welding Society stuff so if you need a welding procedure on a specific type of material and you don't want to qualify it you can call up AWS the American Welding Society or look on their website and they've got a whole laundry list of these swps's standard welding procedure specifications so then you don't have to go through and qualify a weld procedure you can just use one of theirs weld the material you're good to go a lot of the American Welding Society codes allow you to do this as me section 9. allows you to do this under some limitations okay so then we get to category two which is welding procedure specifications these are qualified by the employer this is you if you're using this this code book awsb 2.1 this is the this is where you fall in you're going to qualify a a test coupon do some Bend tests do some tensile tests and you're going to write a WPS just like you would in asme section 9. so we've got a little flow chart here we're going to look at and this comes out of AWS B 2.1 and up at the top it says okay evaluate the production needs and determine if suitable swps so we look at the you know the uh American Welding Society website and we see if we can use one of these or if we even want to use one if yes we buy one we um issue it to our welders we go to work then the rest of that decision tree is we've got to qualify a weld procedure you know and then we've got a um we got two different ways we can go on that we can do a simulated service or prototype test welderment or just for a standard weld test welderman um and then we're going to do procedure qualification test welderment and then we just work our three through this test or through this little Matrix here this little flow chart and then we at the end we write a WPS okay so let's say we've and I'm just kind of cherry picking to keep this video somewhat short so let's say we have a a pqr or we've done some um other testing we've done a procedure qualification record uh from a previous I don't know another code um this allows it so just as long as all the test results meet all the requirements of this specification and if all the requirements are not met another qualification test may be conducted following the qualification of the original pqr a pqr supplement maybe shall be prepared to document additional test results so what this is telling us is if I've got an asthma section 9 pqr a procedure qualification record done to ask me section 9 and I want to write of a welding procedure to AWS B 2.1 I can use that procedure qualification record if all the variables match up so um this this AWS B 2.1 gives you a lot of flexibility in this regard okay so on our previous on a previous slide when I talked about standard welding procedure specifications we talked about you know you could call up AWS and um they'd send you one of these you you send them some money buy them online download the PDF follow the instructions and you can use it this is a site license this is g g t a w of PM slash P22 material to M slash P22 material 18 gauge through 10 gauge um er 40 40 43 or R 4043 has welded condition with or without backing that is there's a whole there's I don't know how many of these the American Welding Society has but they've got whole stacks of them there's a significant quantity of these types of standard welding procedure specifications um so it's just telling you hey you can use these this is the documentation that tells you that you can use these um prior to the use of a swps the employer shell sign acceptance signify acceptance of the responsibility for the production application of the procedure by signing and dating so you just follow the rules and you can use these um and your clients got to buy off on it and everything but in certain situations this could be an economical way to go the Americans Welding Society like I said has a whole laundry list of these things so if we go further down um welding variables shall not be changed if we're going to use one of these swps's we can't change the variables beyond what it says in there we can't use two or three of these and stack them together to make a different production weld you know if I've got two different swps's I can't mix and match these I can't use them on the same weld joint um I can't use them I can't mix and match in swps with a welding procedure a WPS that I have written I can't use one that I already have and then get one of these AWS ones and mix and match those that's against the rules um and I can't use my own pqr to modify an swps so I can't and swps is a standalone document we don't mess with those so then we go on down a little further into AWS um B 2.1 it's got a thickness limitation for plate and pipe for Groove welds for procedure qualification you can see this looks a lot like a similar table in asmi section 9 and there's a similar table in most of the AWS um D Point D 1.1 and D 1.3 and D 1.6 type codes they all have a a table like this this is much simpler than as me section 9 but you can see there's a lot of similarities if you're an asthmi section 9 type person um then it's got a in the code it's got a in B 2.1 there's a bunch of information like any of the other welding codes it's going to tell you when you run a test plate um you know where to cut out your your utensil tests and your um bin tests and your face bins and your root bins and all that so it's pretty much you know like as me section 9 but just a lighter leaned out version of that document and then it's gonna you know Groove tell weld test test weldments you know we need to when we weld them we got to have uh you know enough material for the test specimens sometimes you might have to do multiple welds to get enough material but this is the kind of stuff that's written into this um welding code um there's a list of essential variables and this is all broken out by the welding process you can see up there across the top we've got the various different um welding processes and then it's just gonna as you work your way through it's going to tell you exactly what information you need to um have on your WPS this is the the dot the part of the document that drives what we're gonna have to the information we're going to need to address on our WPS and our procedure qualification test record for performance qualification and this is the scope of Clause 5 performance qualification purpose of welder qualification is to determine the ability of welders to produce sound weld in the welding test positions so um that's what we're doing here and this is if you use this document as your welding code like I said if you've got some kind of situation where you're making a product that doesn't fall into another welding code and your client wants a welding procedure and a p a welding procedure a pqr and welder test qualification records this is what we're doing and this is super similar to asmi section 9. so and of course we've got ourselves a little decision Matrix a little flow chart you know what do we need to do can we use a workmanship test can we use a performance qualification by standard test and then we just work our way through our little flow chart and get to the end and we've got to prove the performance qualification test record but all this information is in B 2.1 we've got the standard tables on position limitations for performance tests and I'm not going to go through all of this I'm just giving you an idea of what's in the document um and showing you that it's pretty similar to as me section 9 and there's a lot of similarities with AWS D 1.1 and some of the other AWS welding codes um one of the things is we've got we can do our welder qualification by a standard test and this is the one that tells us we can do it um you know acceptance of the weldomen there's some criteria examination uh procedures and acceptance criteria and it tells us the number of Bin tests and all that like any other welding code it's going to line us out and tell us what what is expected of us or we can do here's one that's a little different from some other codes because once again this code covers it's it's designed to be used in situations where a code might another code might not cover it so it gives you a lot of leeway and it allows us to do qualification or by workmanship tests so we can go through there and here's some here's some examples this picture is right out of the code AWS B 2.1 and you can see that you know we're workmanship type stuff and you know other tests or examinations may be specified by the referencing document whoever the client is or maybe our internal document and these are some some of the typical workmanship test weldments that one might use um and then the here's the allowable base Metals for performance qualification and this is a table that's similar to asmus one you'd find an asthma section 9. so this tells me that if I qualify my welder and they weld the base material they weld is M1 through M11 or m34 or m41 through 47 they can they can qualify on all these other materials so this is this table is pretty similar to one that you would find in asmi section nine and I'm going to wrap this up here you know and this basically boils down to you know if the customer wants a WPS or a pqr or welder qualification test records and there's no other code that'll fit it a lot of times this is the direction you can go this is an americanwelding Society document it's been around for decades it's referenced in other welding documents produced by the American Welding Society it's a legit document and a legit way to qualify wps's and pqrs in situations that don't fit other welding codes and hopefully it'll get you a happy customer and get your documentation packages approved you might have to do a little talking and explain what AWS B 2.1 is but hopefully you'll be able to get that accomplished and like I said this is this this is a code that we use when other codes don't apply you know when we need to fix something that doesn't fit into a another welding code then we can use this one and you know put together a repair procedure or a manufacturing procedure that fits our situation but might not fit into another welding coat and you know final one just remember B 2.1 is more or less as me section 9 light it's very similar but it's just used for other codes and really Oddball situations where you might not um have another code that fits it exactly so this is a way you can look like a grown-up a professional a welding and joining professional and you can show your customer client hey we've got welding procedures they're done in ance with this specification but they really don't fit in another code questions comments thoughts concerns you can contact me Gary apace p-e-cwi Katy Texas texasweldingengineering.com gpsx gmail.com