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[Music] hello so my name is fuel some tamales and I'm an architect concurrently with design my products have been involved in academic research I've been teaching in Europe and and in the US and what I would like to discuss today is the relationship between creative thinking and the way we produce new ideas and skills and different forms of knowledge through our engagement with technology in architecture the beginning of the 20th century saw the gradual decline of our craftsmanship and the gradual rise of industrialization as a result the homogenization of the built environment of our cities and the fact that when we traveled from Toronto to to Lille or Frankfurt all buildings look the same as a result of that initialization another environmental impact is that this only relies on on a global supply chain so like the clothes we wear or the food we eat how far do those building products need to travel until we can we can use them and what's their real carbon footprint so when I graduate from architecture school at the end of the 90s we were designing everything by hand and then came the computer and with a computer came a series of design software that allowed us to design more complex form and to experiment now in the beginning the construction industry wasn't ready for that it hadn't quite caught up with those changes which is why a few architects started looking outside the construction industry in the field of shipbuilding and car car design this is a pioneering example of transfer of technology this is future systems Media Center at Lourdes it was it was built in 1999 and was entirely constructed by a shipyard now this strategy enabled to materialize some new ideas but at the same time it was reserved to a handful of exceptional projects what I'm personally interested in is how can we democratize those techniques how can we use state-of-the-art digital design and manufacturing on normal Commission's like a house or a nursery well we can design books we can print them in our house we can edit films and do music and one of the questions I was asking myself is if I design a building with my computer can I manufacture it in my basement so basically I decided to buy this digital cutting machine about a decade ago to understand how this basically the connection between software and those industrial machines could affect or transform the way we do architecture so one of the major changes that brought is that it basically lets to paperless construction size I'll explain what that is basically architects usually do plant sections and details and then they hand it over to a construction company that will build it whereas here we design things in 3d and they get directly manufactured through the use of those machines a second important change is the ability to test ideas and prototype in our in our workspace so in our studio we can design something in 3d and immediately tested and see if it works and if it's interesting now what I'm very interested in is through the for every project we can now invent new construction strategies that basically escape the the homogenization of those building components of those material catalogs that architects use and that make both buildings look the same while making things affordable as well so one of the advantages of working that way is that you avoid the catalog it empowers creativity and at the same time you can work with locally supplying materials so another interesting idea is the idea of design integration in this example the music chamber of is found in integrates acoustics structure elements of culture into one form we were able to test this idea on a project called pocket nursery which is basically an active learning nursery it's a prefabricated classroom that we designed with my friend Dion eternia here in in Belgium and one of the main ideas of this project is that the project's made out of a war a library that basically holds the building together so instead of having a column and a piece of furniture standing in front of it why not integrate the tool and basically the whole project was conceived as a swiss knife if you want like a series of functions that are programmed against the wall that would have tables and other elements of pedagogy so basically we designed the project in 3d in such a way that it could be man it could be assembled in only three minutes from that point to that point without the use of the use of a manual and any specific skill we had 25 modules to assemble it took about four days for two people to pre assemble them and then they were shipped on-site and in just two days you had a closed closed nursery classroom a little bit bit more than this space this is how the digital file looks like we design in 3d all the parts are different and their label we don't need to to standardized to use similar structural errors they can all be different and this is how it looks before the file is laid flat and cut digitally now one important and other important change is if we were to design a project like that or if architects were to design a project like that in Mexico or Peru we wouldn't have to ship the parts of the building would be just email the cutting files and use locally sourced materials that would be cut by by the machines over there so as I said the the nursery is an active learning space which means learning happens through physical engagement with the space the base of the wall at the height of the children was was had an educational function so the sloping walls are for children to learn how to draw there were some ladders for toddlers to learn how to stand on their feet the windows that were at the height of children and basically the architecture and the form of the architecture was an integral part of the pedagogy of that Montessori Nursery another another interesting case study for us was the villa Epsilon now the villa epsilon is a is a summer house in Greece it was manufactured in less than seven months and its construction cost was somewhere around 1300 users per meter on our side notes a project of that level of complexity if using a traditional method will of course three or four times that budget now in terms of the main ideas we instead of producing an object that's sitting on the ground like all those summer residences that you can see we conceived the house as an extension of the terrain an extension of the landscape it's epsilon shape proof creates three courtyards that can be basically can activate the whole periphery of the house rather than only the panoramic view as you can see it's possible to circulate above and around the house very freely over the garden we designed the form of the roof in such a way that it would cast precise shadows in those quarters and so in the in the West quarter for example you would have shadow up till 11:30 so that people can have breakfast and the shadow would shift at 1:00 p.m. precisely to the least for lunch and then the southern quartet will be protected from the Evening Sun another thing we did is using geo localization as a way to frame precise views from the landscape now one of the important features of the house is that it blends with its topography so we decided to use a very thin concrete shell that was using locally sourced material and one of the main challenges was the production of the formwork so here it is it's a it's very big puzzle that was digitally designed in the computer it is composed of 5,000 parts that are all different and it was conceived in such a way that it didn't require the use of screws tools or manual that meant that when it was assembled it was put together it only in less than a week but by four people after the concrete was pour the formwork was left to act as an acoustic ceiling and the same method that was used to produce the form of the building was used to produce small foam work for small molds for the lighting that was integrated in the ceiling other elements like the showers were also digitally carved and they actually ended up costing the same price as an industrial product of similar dimensions we also produced a series of bespoke window frames which enable to to give some porosity to the western facade to prevent too much Sun from the evening and on the inside as you can see the effect is the theatre there's a theatrical lighting effect on the on the corridor wall we were able through this method to manufacture all sorts of items like screens libraries beds and everything and finally we we use very few of the shelf products so we designed our our full pallet of materials and techniques and and just just relied on locally sourced materials so what these examples have to tell us about the role of Technology now the rule of technology has been a subject of debate and polarization not only in architecture or anything in society at large we hear everyday conversations about how robots and AI are going to take our jobs I think we should hear more about about what new jobs are being created and how jobs are being or practices are being transformed by this technology at the same time I agree that we need to problematize technology I think it can be a source of alienation I think we have to be quite serious about that this is a Gary Kasparov losing a notorious chess match against IBM's deep blue computer in 1997 and what I find absolutely fascinating about this event is that what may seem at first as a great defeat is from currently a great victory for human intelligence and so as sport very I would say when we invent the locomotive we smell tenuously invent the possibility of derailment and I think that without risk-taking and experimentation there would be no civilization through our continuous interaction with technology and technological object we not only produce new skills and knowledge but also our culture this is what makes us human after all thank you you