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hi my name's Amanda and I'm a pharmacist today I'll be talking about a type of Pharmacy calculation called conversions and if you find this video useful please press the like button and subscribe to my channel and share it with others who may find it helpful too thanks I really appreciate it so we'll begin with what are conversions conversions are the changing from one unit of measure to a different unit of measure for example going from ounces to milliliters or grams to milligrams the most common conversions in Pharmacy are for measures of weight and volume and sometimes length so we'll cover those as well the key to conversion calculations is memorization of the commonly used conversion equivalents now we'll look at the different systems of measurement um there's the US customary system and the metric system these are two systems of measurements that are commonly seen the United States customary system is derived from English units with no pattern of relationship between one another this is the one most of us are familiar with um 1 yard equal 3 ft = 36 in there's not really a pattern of numbers for equivalents the metric system however is based on multiples and fractions of 10 which make converting between larger and smaller units easy so both systems are used in the medical field and many of the common conversions are for changing measurements from one system to the other now we'll look more at the metric system It Centers on a base unit that increases or decreases by multiples and fractions of 10 and there's a prefix that indicates its relationship to the base unit and that's the main thing to look at with this chart is to know the relationship between the prefix and the base units so if you look in the middle of the chart where it says base unit the base units are gram liter and meter and moving up the chart um first we see the prefix Desi so a de would be 1/10th of a gram then a centigram would be 100th of a gram a millgram would be 1,000th of a gram and a microgram would be 1 10,000 of a gram and then if we come back to the base unit and then going the other way first we have decagram so 10 G would equal 1 deag hectogram 100 G would equal 1 Hector and kilog 1,000 G would equal 1 kilog and I've put in bold here the ones that are the most commonly seen in Pharmacy so microgram um which is abbreviated with the lowercase Greek letter mu or MC with a G the microgram milligram which is mg or milliliter ml um centimeter cm and then kilogram or kg now we'll look at the weight conversions um weight conversions are used to determine solid medication dosages and quantities and for waist bait dosage calculations so this chart are the common weight conversion equivalents that should be committed to memory um with gram 1 g equals 1,000 MGR um millgram 1 MGR equal 1,000 microG um kilogram 1 kilogram equals 1,000 G and that also equals 2.2 lb grain which is gr um one grain equals 64.8 mg and I just put a note here gr is the abbreviation for grain that does not equal gram the G or GM is gram so be sure you know the difference between those pound which is lb 1 pound equals 454 G now we'll look at the volume conversions um the volume conversions are used to determine liquid medication quantities and dose Doses and here the this chart shows the common volume conversion equivalents in Pharmacy um a teaspoon tsp um 1 teaspoon equals 5 ml tabl spoon which is tbsp 1 tablespoon equals 15 M which also equals 3 TPO liter which is l 1 liter equal 1,000 milliliters milliliter or ml 1 Mill equals 20 drops and if you remember drops is often abbreviated gtts and that also equals 1 cc which stands for cubic cm for oun it's Oz or it's also seen as a fluid oun um 1 o equal 30 Mill and gallon or g 1 gallon equals 4 quarts which equals eight pints and a pint which is PT 1 pint = 473 Mill and the last two on there I have I didn't bold those because those aren't as common but they they still are ones you need to know now we'll look at the length conversions as I said length conversions aren't used much in Pharmacy but they're good to know for tests so some common length conversion equivalents um inch which is abbreviated I in 1 in equal 2.54 CM meter which is m 1 M = 100 cm and feet which is FT 1 ft = 12 in and now we'll look at um how we solve conversion calculations and there are two methods we'll we'll look at today and uh I just thought the best way to explain this is just to have an example of something that we need to convert and then we'll look at how to solve it so the example here is how many ounces are in 300 milliters so what we know I said we need to memorize these conversions that were on the tables um 1 o equals 30 m so knowing that with method one what we'll do is set up fractions that cancel like units of measurement and then we'll multiply the fractions to get the answer so there's one oun per 30 millit and you can just think of you know per means to divide so you can set that as a fraction uh 1 o over 30 m and then that will be times 300 M over one remember to make a whole number into a fraction you just put it over one and then for like units to cancel we have to have one on the top one on the bottom so you see we have a milliliter on the top and the in the second fraction and there's a milliliter on the bottom from the first fraction so we can just Mark those out those cancel and then that leaves us with ounces which is what we are looking for how many ounces and so if we just do the math here we have 300 o divided by 30 because our milliliters were canceled out so we're left with is ounces and that equals 10 o so just something to remember with this method is the unit that you're looking for must be on the top after your units cancel you want to make sure that the one that you're looking for is left on the top so that that will give you um the correct answer and now method number two um the same problem how many ounces are in 300 milliliters as I said what we know from our memorization 1 o equals 30 m so with this method to we're going to set up equivalent fractions cross multiply and then divide so there's 1 o per 30 m and we're going to see that is equal to X Oz where X here is a variable representing the answer we're looking for per 300 ml so we've set up is this is sort of an algebra way to do it and the first thing we'll do is cross multiply so we have 1 * 300 M 300 and that gives us 300 and then we'll divide by the other side to solve for x so so 300 / 30 = 10 oz and now we'll just look at a summary and kind of a review of the conversions um video um conversions are the changing of one unit of measure to a different unit of measure and memorization is key you have to know the the equivalence to be able to even even begin a conversion calculation and I'll just review the common conversion equivalence once more here 1 G equal 1,000 mg 1 mg equal 1,000 microG 1 kilog equal 1,000 G which also equals 2.2 lb one grain remember this is gr is the abbreviation is 64.8 mg 1 PB equal 454 G 1 in = 2.54 CM 1 M = 100 cm 1 tpoon equal 5 Mill 1 tablespoon equal 15 Mill which also equals 3 tpoon 1 lit equal 1,000 m 1 Mill equals 20 drops remember drops is abbreviated gtts sometimes which also equals 1 cc which is a cubic cm 1 o = 30 m 1 gallon = 4 quart which equals 8 pints um 1 point is equal to 473 M thanks for watching please like and share this video with others who may find it helpful and please subscribe to see more of my drug information videos thanks